The Periodic Table Element Groups. Most Important The periodic table of elements is much more than a...
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Transcript of The Periodic Table Element Groups. Most Important The periodic table of elements is much more than a...
The Periodic Table
Element Groups
Most Important
• The periodic table of elements is much more than a list of element symbols, atomic masses and element symbols.
• You will use the periodic table to check your electron configurations, orbital notations and Lewis dot notations.
• You will use it to predict relative properties of elements such as reactivity, electronegativity and metallic characteristics.
THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES
• Metals have characteristic properties of luster, heat and electricity conductivity and malleability. Except for mercury, they are solids at room temperature.
• Nonmetals tend to form negative ions and do not possess the properties of the metals. Many are gases at room temperature. Only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. Carbon, sulfur and phosphorous are solids.
• Metalloids are semiconductors and tend to have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.
THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES
Periodic Table
Element Groups
The Alkali Metals
The Alkali Metals
• Examples: Li, Na, K
• Soft, gray, light metals.
• VERY reactive
• Will ignite and even explode in contact with water. What is left is an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide.
The Alkali Metals
The Alkaline-Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Examples: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
• Somewhat soft metals.
• Less reactive than Alkali metals, but more reactive than most metals.
• Usually found combined with oxygen
The Alkaline-Earth Metals
The TransitionMetals
The Transition Metals• Examples: Cu, Ag,
Au, Zn, Ti, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni
• “Typical metals”• Most are gray, hard
and dense• Lustrous, malleable,
ductile• Conduct heat and
electricity• Less reactive than
alkaline earth metals
The TransitionMetals
Other Metals
Other Metals
• examples: Aluminum, Tin, Lead
• Softer than transition metals
• Gray, malleable
• Less reactive than most metals.
Other Metals
Metalloids
Metalloids
• ex: Boron, Silicon, Antimony, Bismuth
• Properties between those of metals and non-metals
• Semiconductors of heat and electricity
• Reactivity depends upon the properties of the other elements in the reaction.
Metalloids
Halogens
Halogens• Fluorine (gas),
Chlorine (gas), Bromine (liquid), Iodine (solid)
• VERY reactive• Can form compounds
with almost all metals
• Commonly used in cleaners (caustic)
• Their compound are called salts.
Halogens
Noble Gases
Noble Gases
• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
• Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature
•Are chemically “inert”(Normally will not undergo any chemical reactions, so they rarely form any compounds - not reactive)
Noble Gases
OtherNon-metals
Other Non-metals• H, C, N, O, P, S
• “Life elements”
• Light, non-malleable, brittle
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Reactivity depends upon the element
OtherNon-metals
Lanthanides
Lanthanides
Actinides
Lanthanides and Actinides
• Ex: Uranium, Plutonium
• Rare-Earth Elements
• There properties are very similar and they are often found mixed together.
• Most are radioactive
• Many are not found naturally on Earth. Highly reactive (ex: Plutonium)
Periodic Table
Element Groups