The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

A.A. MetalsMetalsPhysical Properties:Physical Properties:– HardnessHardness– ShininessShininess– MalleabilityMalleability– DuctilityDuctility

Chemical Properties: Reactivity; ease and Chemical Properties: Reactivity; ease and speed the element combines or reacts speed the element combines or reacts with other elements.with other elements.

B.B. Families of MetalsFamilies of Metals

1.1. Alkali Metals (Group 1): So reactive Alkali Metals (Group 1): So reactive that they are never found that they are never found uncombined in nature. As pure uncombined in nature. As pure elements they are soft and shiny.elements they are soft and shiny.

a.a. Two most important:Two most important:1)1) SodiumSodium

2)2) PotassiumPotassium

2.2. Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2): Not as reactive as group 1 but more Not as reactive as group 1 but more reactive than most metals.reactive than most metals.

a.a. Two most important:Two most important:

1)1) Magnesium (combines Magnesium (combines with aluminum)with aluminum)

2)2) CalciumCalcium

3.3. Transition Metals (Groups 3 through12)Transition Metals (Groups 3 through12)

a.a. Not much difference between Not much difference between columnscolumns

b.b. Fairly stable; react slowly or not Fairly stable; react slowly or not at allat all

C. C. Nonmetals & MetalloidsNonmetals & Metalloids

1.1. NonmetalsNonmetals: The physical properties of : The physical properties of nonmetals are opposite those of metalsnonmetals are opposite those of metals

-Dull-Dull

-Brittle-Brittle

-Not ductile-Not ductile

2.2. Most nonmetals form compounds except Most nonmetals form compounds except Group 18Group 18

D. Families of NonmetalsD. Families of Nonmetals3.3. Carbon Family (Group 14)Carbon Family (Group 14)

-All living things contain compounds that are made of -All living things contain compounds that are made of long chains of carbon atomslong chains of carbon atoms

4.4. Nitrogen Family (Group 15)Nitrogen Family (Group 15)

5.5. Oxygen Family (Group 16)Oxygen Family (Group 16)

6.6. Halogens (Group 17)Halogens (Group 17)- All of these elements are highly reactive and - All of these elements are highly reactive and

most are dangerous to humansmost are dangerous to humans

7.7. Noble Gases (Group 18) Noble Gases (Group 18) -Chemically very stable; do not ordinarily form -Chemically very stable; do not ordinarily form

compounds.compounds.

E. MetalloidsE. Metalloids

1.1. Located on the border between the Located on the border between the metals and the nonmetalsmetals and the nonmetals

2.2. Have some characteristics of metals Have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetalsand some characteristics of nonmetals

3.3. The most common metalloid is silicon The most common metalloid is silicon

4.4. The most useful property of the The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity. (Semiconductors)conduct electricity. (Semiconductors)

F. Periods/Rows = the # of F. Periods/Rows = the # of energy levelsenergy levels

1.1. For Example:For Example:

a)a) Row 1 has 1 energy levelRow 1 has 1 energy level

b)b) Row 2 has 2 energy levelsRow 2 has 2 energy levels

c)c) Row 3 has 3 energy levels Row 3 has 3 energy levels and so on.and so on.

G.G. Number of Valence Number of Valence ElectronsElectrons

1.1. The family # tells you how many valence The family # tells you how many valence electrons with the following exceptionselectrons with the following exceptions::a) Transition Metals: The number of a) Transition Metals: The number of valence electrons varies. valence electrons varies.b) Groups 13 through 18: Drop the 10, b) Groups 13 through 18: Drop the 10, they have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8 valence they have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, & 8 valence electrons respectively. electrons respectively.

The EndThe End;-) ;-)