The Parts of a Plant. What Plant Part Is It? Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit, Seed? Fruit/Vegetable...
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Transcript of The Parts of a Plant. What Plant Part Is It? Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit, Seed? Fruit/Vegetable...
The Parts of a Plant
What Plant Part Is It? Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit, Seed?
Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant• Broccoli• Cabbage• Carrot • Celery Stalk• Corn Kernel• Onion• Potato• Tomato• Zucchini
A) SHOOTS AND ROOTSThe resources that a terrestrial plant needs are in two different places:
• Sunlight, CO2 and O2 are above ground
• water and minerals are in the soil
• Plant parts are specialized for acquiring these different resources
Plants have two main organ systems
Shoot system
Root system
1) The shoot system is above ground and includes organs such as leaves, buds, stems, flowers (if the plant has any), and fruits (if the plant has any)
bladepetiole
lateral bud
stem
vascular tissue
apical bud
leaf
Shoot system
Root system
Leaves• absorb sunlight and
gases (CO2, O2) • provide food (sugar) for
the entire plant through photosynthesis
• Stomata (singular: stoma) are openings in the underside of the leaf that allow gases (CO2 and O2) to enter and leave. They also allow water evapouration
Guard cellsStoma
2) The root system includes those parts of the plant below ground, such as the roots, tubers, and rhizomes
apical budblade
petiole
lateral bud
stem
vascular tissue
primary root
lateral root
root hairs
leaf
Shoot system
Root system
Roots • absorb water and
minerals from the soil.
• root hairs increase surface area for absorption
• roots also anchor the plant to the “substrate” (ground)
B) PLANT TISSUES
Plant organs are made up of 3 types of tissues:
1) Dermal tissue
2) Ground tissue
3) Vascular tissue
1) Dermal Tissue• covers the outer surface
of herbaceous plants• Made up of epidermal
cells• in stems and leaves,
covered by a cuticle, a waxy layer that prevents water loss
2) Ground Tissue• most of the interior of the
plant• functions in synthesis of
sugars, storage and support
3) Vascular tissue• a system of tubes that
distribute water, minerals, hormones and sugars throughout the plant
• xylem tubes bring water and minerals from the roots up to the leaves (“water the xylem”)
• xylem tubes also have strong walls that also function to support plants and hold them upright
• phloem tubes distribute sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant (“feed the phloem”)
• A look at the vascular system of a pine tree:
• A look at the vascular system of a pine tree:
take a cross-section of the trunk
• A cross-section of a trunk or stem of a pine tree:
wood
inner bark
outer bark
• A cross-section of a trunk or stem of a pine tree:
wood= xylem
inner bark= phloem
outer bark
• a closer look:
wood= xylem
inner bark= phloem
outer bark
C) PLANT GROWTH• Plant growth occurs in areas
called meristems• Cells in these areas are
undergoing mitotic division
• Apical Meristem• located at tips of roots
and shoots• allows increase in
height/length• Lateral Meristem
• located in cylinders within the plant body
• allows increase in width