The Ottoman Empire 1453 CE to World War I (1914).
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Transcript of The Ottoman Empire 1453 CE to World War I (1914).
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The Ottoman Empire1453 CE to World War I (1914)
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The Ottoman Empire• Large, powerful (Sunni) Muslim Turkish
Empire.• Allied with the Germans in World War I
(against Britain, France and Russia).–British: divide and conquer, use ethnic groups.
• The British armed the Arabs and encouraged them to revolt (the British promised the Arabs independence…).
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Lawrence of Arabia
• British Intelligence officer.• Helped organize and arm the Arabs to fight against the
(Turkish) Ottomans.• Lived and fought with the Arabs• Promised Independence to his friends…
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The Arabs (with British help) Defeat the Ottomans.
But…
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The Sykes-Picot AgreementThe British and French secretly agree to
split the old Ottoman colonies.–Sykes-Picot Agreement
“Mandate”• Essentially a colony
• No independence for the Arabs.
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Sykes Picot
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Promises, promises• The British have already
promised–Independence for the Arabs–Colonies for the French
• Now, they promise something to the Jews of Europe:–Palestine.
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The Balfour Declaration
1917: to gain American and Jewish support for England in WWI,
Promised British support for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine.
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Promises?Between 1914 and 1918 the British had promised the land of Palestine to:–The Arabs (Arab uprising against the
Ottomans)–The British and the French (Sykes-Picot
Agreement)–The Jews (Balfour Declaration)
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The Reverse Diaspora
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World War II1939-1945
• Europe destroys itself. • Focus on rebuilding.• England too weak to hold on to
colonies.• Holocaust sparks global sympathy for
a Jewish state.
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1947
UN Partition plan
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• 1948-49Arab-Israeli War
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1967: 6 day war
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1973
• Yom Kippur War