The Origin of English Language. During the 5th Century AD. Angles, Saxons and Jutes crossed the...
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Transcript of The Origin of English Language. During the 5th Century AD. Angles, Saxons and Jutes crossed the...
During the 5th Century AD. Angles, Saxons and Jutes crossed the North Sea from what is the present day Denmark and northern Germany.
Four dialects of English developed:
Northumbrian in Northumbria, north of the Humber
Mercian in the Kingdom of Mercia
West Saxon in the Kingdom of Wessex
Kentish in Kent
During the 7th and 8th Century :Northumbria's culture and language dominated Britain
The 9th Century :The Viking invasions brought this domination to an end (along with the destruction of Mercia).
The 10th Century: The West Saxon dialect became the official language of Britain.
Scandinavian languages Runic Christian missionaries Latin
Vocabulary of Old English
Latin Norse Celtic
street, kitchen, kettle, cup, cheese, wine, angel,
bishop, martyr, candle.
sky, egg, cake, skin, leg, window (wind eye), husband, fellow, skill…
Devon, Dover, Kent, Trent, Severn, Avon,
Thames.
Norse English
Anger 愤怒 wrath 愤怒
Nay 不,否 no 不,无
Fro 来来往往 from 来自
Raise 养育,抚养 rear 饲养,抚养
ill 生病 sick 生病
Bask 享受,沉浸在 bathe 洗澡,浸
Skill 技巧 craft 技工
Skin 皮肤 hide 隐藏
Dike 排水沟,渠 ditch 沟,渠
Skirt 裙 shirt 衬衫
Scatter 七零八落 shatter 粉碎
Skip 移动 shift 移动
French English
Close 关闭 shut 关闭
Reply 回复 answer 答案
Odour 气味 smell 气味
Annual 年度 yearly 年年
Demand 需求,要求 ask 请求,要求
Chamber 庭 room 房间
Desire 欲望 wish 希望
Power 能力 might 力量,威力
Ire 愤怒,怒火 wrath / anger 愤怒
Borrowed Words
• Animals:giraffe.tiger
• Clothing:pyjama,turban
• Food:chocolate,orange
• Scientific and Mathematical Terms:geography,species
• Drinks:tea,coffee
• Religious Terms:jesus,Islam
• Sports:golf,billiards
• Vehicles:car,coach
• Music and Art:piano,theatre
• Weapons:pistol,trigger
• Political and Military Terms:commando,parliament
• Astronomical Names:Saturn,Leo
Languages that have contributed words to English
• Latin• Greek• French• German• Arabic• Italian• Malay• Dutch• Portuguese• Spanish
• Hindi(from India)• Farsi(from Iran and
Afghanistan)• Nahuatl(the Aztec
language)• Sanskrit(from ancient
India)• Tupi(from South America)• Ewe(from Africa)