The Organelles Structures & Functions Part 2 Use the drawing to help you recognize what we are talking about. 5. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA) Powerplant of cell Burns glucose to make energy Stores energy as ATP Look like little sausages MITOCHONDRIA cont.. -Have their own DNA, (especially in muscles) its separate from the Nucleus - It consists of a double membrane - Glucose is chemically converted to energy in the inner membrane areas called the Matrix & Cristae This process is called Cellular Respiration The Mitochondria (pink-red) is the powerhouse of the cell. This is where the cell gets its energy. Mitochondria 6. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Intracellular highway -moves molecules from one part of the cell to another -There are 2 types of ER -Rough ER has little dots on it that are called Ribosomes -Smooth ER has no dots on it, and Smooth ER makes steroids, destroys toxic substances 7. Ribosomes -Are found on the Rough ER and also free floating in the cytoplasm -Plays a important role in synthesizing (making) proteins Some proteins that are made at the Rough ER are transported to the Golgi body in a carrier called a Vesicle. (we will discuss in a minute..) Both Endoplasmic Recticulums (Rough & Smooth) are shown here. The Rough ER (green) has Ribosomes while the Smooth ER (orange) does not. Dont forget that there are free floating Ribosomes too. Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes 8. Golgi Body (Apparatus) -Is a processing, packaging, and secreting organelle - It modifies proteins (adds on more things to make them more complex) - It looks like a series of flattened pancakes - Kind of like a UPS center for the body, it gets proteins and molecules ready to ship out of the cell using Vesicles The Golgi body (purple) is the processing & packaging center of the cell Golgi Body 9. Vesicles -They are a filled sac surrounded by a single membrane -They are pinched off from the Golgi body These are the shipping containers that the Golgi body uses to ship proteins or waste out of the cell ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM Some of the organelles work together as a system. The Ribosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Body and Vessicles work together as a system called the Endomembrane system Movie 1 Movie 2 10. Lysosomes - small spherical organelles that enclose hydrolytic enzymes. (enzymes that break up macromolecules) - They also can selectively destroy the cell or cell materials They are a modified protein from the Endomembrane system, but stay in the cell. -They have a nickname called suicide sacs These enzymes digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, RNA, and old cell parts 11. Vacuoles -fluid filled organelles that store water, wastes, and sometimes enzymes -In Eukaryotic cells there are many small vacuoles. - In plants there is one main large vacuolewhy? PlantAnimal 12. CENTRIOLES Appear during cell division to help pull chromosomes apart in cell division In animal cells only! The Vesicles (red) are pinched off from the Golgi Body. Vacuoles (blue) which carry water are surrounded by the Lysosomes (dark green). The Centrioles which help in cell division appear in a dark blue. Vacuole Lysosome Vesicles Centrioles VOCABULARY! Mitochondria Matrix & Cristae Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Body Vessicle Endomembrane system Lysosomes Vacuoles Centrioles