The Opportunities for Minimizing the Environmental Load of PPCPs
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Transcript of The Opportunities for Minimizing the Environmental Load of PPCPs
![Page 1: The Opportunities for Minimizing the Environmental Load of PPCPs](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022100600/55571e80d8b42a320c8b46c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Green PharmacyThe Opportunities for Minimizing the
Environmental Load of PPCPs
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.Poseidon’s Trident, LLC
Triumvirate ConferenceNovember 20, 2008
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Overview of the Talk
• History of PPCPs in the environment
• Lifecycle of PPCPs
• Greening each phase of the lifecycle
• Next steps
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
History of Environmental PPCPs
• Interest in environmental PPCPs has been a growing since the 1980s in Europe; more recently in U.S. (Daughton 2001).
• Federal, state and academic groups have contributed to these advancements.
• Daughton and others have been leading efforts in U.S. (Toxicol. Lett., 2002).
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Increased Awareness of Environmental PPCPs
• In the scientific literature– Kolpin et al., 2002
– Daughton, 2003
• In the popular press– AP five part series in March 2008
• Response of federal and state regulatory agencies– EPA
– States
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Environmental side effects of medication
• Non-target effects of medicines– Human and veterinary
• Antibiotics– Disposal influences soil microorganisms
• Potential changes to metabolism
• Anti-neoplastics
• Metabolism to more active products
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
History of Green Pharmacy
• Green Medicine (Kreig, M., 1964)– Ethnobotanical approach
• Green Pharmacy ( Duke, J., 1997)– Herbal approach
• Green Pharmacy (Daughton, C., 2003)– Environmental approach
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Stages of PPCP LifecycleDiscovery and development
Manufacturing
Distribution
Prescribing
Disposal
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Discovery and Development
• Opportunities for green pharmacy– Green chemistry– Green chemical design
• Improved selectivity (pharmacodynamics)
• Quick environmental degradation to innocuous products
– Improved potency• Enhanced absorption (e.g., “Rule of Five”)
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Manufacture and Distribution
• Use recycled materials when possible
• Design packaging for biodegradability and recycling
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Pill Economy
• Every pill manufactured using green design principles
• Every pill manufactured is prescribed
• Every pill prescribed is taken
• Unused/unwanted pills are recycled or completely destroyed
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Prescribing
• Encourage judicious prescribing– At the heart of pill economy– Need to change the current approach in the
medical profession
• Automated dispensing– Pyxis system
• Prescribing prn
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Disposal
• Flushing should be strongly discouraged– Environmentally damaging– Encouraged for some pharmaceuticals– Must provide other options
• Incineration
• Recycling programs
• Take-back programs
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Take-back programs
• Reverse distribution– Pharmaceutical companies reclaim unused and out of
date medications• Limited to hospitals and pharmacies
• Hazardous waste recycling days• Returns to pharmacy for residential customers• Mail-back programs
– Maine is a good example
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Environmental Pharmacy
• Taught as part of the core curriculum– Medical schools– Schools of pharmacy– Nursing programs
• Industry examples– Pharmaceutical roundtable (PIE)– PhATE and PhACT
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Opportunities for the medical community to support Green Pharmacy
• Research– Support for the discovery and development of
safer medicines
• Education– Incorporate environmental pharmacy– Provide brochures to patients and medical staff
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Available Options and Tools to Encourage Green Pharmacy
• Promote the use of green chemistry– Already part of pharmaceutical and industrial
chemical manufacturer’s practices
• Change education– Incorporate “environmental pharmacy” into the
curricula• Medical and pharmacy schools• Nursing programs
• Take-back programs
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Uncertainties Associated With Implementing a Green Pharmacy
• Sources– Disposal– Excretion
• Occurrence– National vs. local data
• Treatment• Hazard assessment• Fate and transport
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Poseidon's Trident, LLC
Nicholas D. Anastas, Ph.D., M.S.
Conclusions
• The practice of “green pharmacy” has already begun
• Green pharmacy is a holistic approach to reducing the environmental load of PPCPs