The Octet Rule
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Transcript of The Octet Rule
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The Octet Rule
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Happy atoms have a full outer energy level of electrons.
They rarely combine with other elements.
Nonreactivity is why they are called noble or inert.
Noble Gases: the happiest elements
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An octet is 8 valence electrons is associated with the stability of the noble
gases (does not occur with He; He is stable with 2 valence electrons)
Valence ElectronsHe 2Ne 8 Ar 8
Kr 8In order to achieve an octet, elements
will form ions.
Octet Rule
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Metals want to be happy.Metals form cations
by losing their valence electrons resemble the nearest noble gas have fewer electrons than protons
Group 1 metals ion 1+
Group 2 metals ion 2+
Group 3 metals ion 3+
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Formation of a Sodium Ion, Na+
Sodium achieves an octet by losing its one valence electron.
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Charge of Sodium Ion, Na+
With the loss of its valenceelectron, a sodium ion has a 1+
charge.
Sodium atom Sodium ion 11p+ 11p+
11e– 10e–
0 1 +
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Formation of Magnesium Ion, Mg2+
Magnesium achieves an octet by losing its two valence electrons.
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Charge of Magnesium Ion, Mg2+
With the loss of two valenceelectrons magnesium forms apositive ion with a 2+ charge.
Mg atom Mg2+ ion 12p+ 12p+
12e– 10e–
0 2+
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Nonmetals want to be happy too.
Nonmetals form anions
gain electrons have more electrons than protons form negatively charged ions with
3–, 2–, or 1– charges
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Formation of a Chloride Ion, Cl–
Chlorine achieves an octet by adding an electron to its valence electrons.
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Charge of a Chloride Ion, Cl–
By gaining one electron, the chloride ion has a –1 charge.
Chlorine atom Chloride ion 17p+ 17p+
17e– 18e–
0 1–