The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics *...

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The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers More than you ever want to know about the Oceans and their basins

Transcript of The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics *...

Page 1: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

TheOceans,TheirBasinsandCirculationDrivers

MorethanyoueverwanttoknowabouttheOceansandtheirbasins

Page 2: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

OceansOverview

Page 3: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

* TheOceanBasinsandHowTheyareConnected* AtmosphericOceanCirculationDrivers* DensityCurrentCirculationDrivers* Tides* HowtheOceanBasinsHaveChangedOverTime* ViolentStormGenerationandMovement

TopicsofDiscussion

Page 4: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

OceanBasins

EasternPacific Atlantic

Indian

WesternPacific

Arctic

Antarctic

Page 5: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

DifferenceBetweenanOceanandaSea

SeasarefoundonthemarginsoftheoceanandarepartiallyenclosedbyLand.AboveyoucanSeethattheBeringSeaispartofthePacificOcean

BeringSea

PacificOcean

Page 6: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

OceanBasinFeatures

Page 7: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

HowweMaptheBottom

Page 8: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

WhatitMightbeLiketoTravelThrough

Page 9: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

*  Theatmosphereaffectstheoceansandisinturninfluencedbythem–ASymbioticRelationship

*  Windcreateswavesandinfluencestheoceancurrents*  Strongwindsproducedropletsthatareabsorbedbythe

atmospherecreatingnucleifortheformationoffogandotherphenomena

*  Whenwaterevaporates,heatisremovedfromtheoceansandstoredintheatmosphere

*  Whencondensationoccurs,thisstoredheatisreleasedtotheatmospheretodevelopthemechanicalenergyofitsmotion

*  Theatmosphereobtainsnearlyhalfofitsenergyforcirculationfromthecondensationofevaporatedoceanwater

*  Thepatternofatmosphericcirculationlargelydeterminesthepatternofoceanicsurfacecirculation

*  Thepatternofatmosphericcirculationlargelydeterminesthepatternofoceanicsurfacecirculationaswellasthelocationofcloudswhichinfluencethetemperatureoftheoceans*  InorganicSymbiosisatitsbest

RelationshipBetweenTheOceansandtheAtmosphere

Page 10: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

*  Twoforcesproducethenon-tidaloceancurrents*  Thewindexertingastressontheseasurface*  Fluxesbetweentheoceanandatmospherethatalterthe

densityofthesurfacewater*  Theformerinducesthewinddrivenoceancirculation,the

latterthethermo-halinecirculation(DensityDriven)

*  SurfacewaterismadedenserthroughtheremovalofheatandfreshwatergivingDensitydrivencurrents*  Surfacelayerdescendstodeeperdepths*  Canreachthedeepseafloor*  Thiscirculationiscalledthermo-halinecirculationand

engagesthefullvolumeoftheoceanintotheclimatesystem*  Thusoceanwater'meets'andinteractsdirectlywiththe

atmosphereaboutevery100-1000years

CirculationDriversOfTheOceansOr

MoreThanYouWouldEverWantToKnow

Page 11: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

*  RedistributionofthebuoyantsurfacelayerinducesWindDriven*  Sealevel"valleys"indivergentregions*  Andsealevel"hills"inconvergenceregions*  Hillsandvalleysamounttoonlya1.5meterinamplitude*  Induceshorizontalpressuregradientswhichinitiatewinddrivencirculation

*  Winddrivencirculationislargeclock-wiseandcounterclock-wiseflowinggyres(circularpattern)Thenormalcurrents

*  TheEkmanLayertransport(windstress)isat90°tothedirectionofthewind,*  Rightofthewindinthenorthernhemisphere*  Leftofthewindinthesouthernhemisphere.*  Canproducedivergence(upwelling)orconvergence(sinking)ofsurfacewater

*  Thesurfacelayerislessdense(morebuoyant)thandeeperlayers*  TheEkmantransportfieldactstoredistributethebuoyantsurfacewater*  Thinsthebuoyancysurfacelayerindivergenceregions*  Thickensthebuoyantsurfacelayerinconvergenceregions

*  Thuswehaveaverticalandhorizontalcirculationsystemthatisinfluencedbythepositionofthecontinents

CirculationDriversOfTheOceans(Cont.)

Page 12: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

Oceancurrents“conveyorbelt”

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TidalGeneration

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WhatWeAreAlreadySeeingintheUS

Page 15: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the
Page 16: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the
Page 17: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the
Page 18: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the
Page 19: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

*  PlateTectonicsisthenowacceptedtermfortheprocessesofseafloorspreadingandcontinentaldrift*  AlfredWegneratthebeginningofthe20thCentury

discoveredaremarkablesimilarityofgeologicfeatures,fossils,andcontinentalcoastalfits*  Suggestedthecontinentsmusthavebeenconnectedata

pasttime*  Suggestedthattheydriftedapart.*  Problem–nomechanism

*  PlateTectonicstotherescuebyidentifyingthemechanismsthatdrivesthemovementofthecontinents*  Astorythatmustbetoldinanotherdiscussionbuthereis

theshortversion

OceanBasinsOverTime–PlateTectonics

Page 20: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

*  Tropicalstormsoccurinseveraloftheworld'soceans,andtheyareessentiallythesametypeofstorm.IntheAtlanticOcean,GulfofMexico,andtheEasternPacificOcean,theyarecalledhurricanes.IntheWesternPacificOcean,theyarecalledtyphoons

*  Watervaporisthe"fuel"forthehurricanesbecauseitreleasesthe"latentheatofcondensation"whenitcondensestoformcloudsandrain,warmingthesurroundingair*  Inthisway,Hurricanesaswellasviolentstormsarethewaythattheatmosphere

releasessomeofitsstoredenergy*  Hurricanesareviolentstormswhichcanbringintensewinds,heavyrain,astorm

surge,floods,coastalerosion,landslides,andalsospawntornadoes*  TropicalCyclonesasthesestormsaregenerallynamedoriginateover

tropicalorsubtropicalwatersandrotateclockwiseinthesouthernhemisphereandcounter-clockwiseinthenorthernhemisphere.*  RotationisduetotheCariolesEffect–relatedtothefactthattheEarthisa

sphereandthespeedofrotationisfasterattheequatorthanatthepoles*  Thinkofamerry-go-round

Hurricanes

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Questions?

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Tides

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IllustrationofThermo-halineCirculation

Page 24: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

ElNino–LaNina

Page 25: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

NormalCurrents

Page 26: The Oceans, Their Basins and Circulation Drivers · Ocean Basins Over Time – Plate Tectonics * Tropical storms occur in several of the world's oceans, and they are essentially the

PlateTectonics

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DifferenceFromTornadoes


Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins · 1991; Frissell, 1993), supply sedimentto estuaries and the oceans (e.g., Mil liman and Syvitski, 1992), and transmit land use

Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins · 1991; Frissell, 1993), supply sedimentto estuaries and the oceans (e.g., Mil liman and Syvitski, 1992), and transmit land use

Rift basins and supradetachment basins: intracontinental ...

Rift basins and supradetachment basins: intracontinental ...

OCEANS, SEAFLOOR, AND CONTINENTAL MARGINS · •Features Found in the Deep‐Ocean Basins • Sediments on the Deep Seafloor ... the ocean floor and are remnants of oceanic ... as

OCEANS, SEAFLOOR, AND CONTINENTAL MARGINS · •Features Found in the Deep‐Ocean Basins • Sediments on the Deep Seafloor ... the ocean floor and are remnants of oceanic ... as

Lesson 7: Human impact on the reefresources.digitalexplorer.com/downloads/coral-oceans-7-11... · Threats to the coral reef Storms Over-fishing Tourism Warming oceans Ocean acidification

Lesson 7: Human impact on the reefresources.digitalexplorer.com/downloads/coral-oceans-7-11... · Threats to the coral reef Storms Over-fishing Tourism Warming oceans Ocean acidification

Oceans Basins. Ocean Bathymetry ► The study of underwater depth and ocean floor. ► In the same way that topographic maps represent the three-dimensional.

Oceans Basins. Ocean Bathymetry ► The study of underwater depth and ocean floor. ► In the same way that topographic maps represent the three-dimensional.

COPING WITH DISASTER: THE IMPACT OF HURRICANES ON ... · Hurricanes are severe storms that originate over tropical oceans.6 The term ‘hurricane’ is typically used to describe

COPING WITH DISASTER: THE IMPACT OF HURRICANES ON ... · Hurricanes are severe storms that originate over tropical oceans.6 The term ‘hurricane’ is typically used to describe

The World Ocean - Ifaculty.uml.edu/Nelson_Eby/87.202/Lectures/Oceans I - Sediments.pdfinterconnected basins; Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans that, along with the Southern Ocean,

The World Ocean - Ifaculty.uml.edu/Nelson_Eby/87.202/Lectures/Oceans I - Sediments.pdfinterconnected basins; Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans that, along with the Southern Ocean,

Indian Sedimentary Basins - Directorate General of …online.dghindia.org/oalp/Files/pdf/OALP5_MUMBAI_Overview...Indian Sedimentary Basins Sedimentary basins in India Category I: •Basins

Indian Sedimentary Basins - Directorate General of …online.dghindia.org/oalp/Files/pdf/OALP5_MUMBAI_Overview...Indian Sedimentary Basins Sedimentary basins in India Category I: •Basins

Chapter 5 - Ocean Basins SONARgeologycafe.com › oceans › alternative › Chapters_5-8.pdfChemical and physical changes to oceanic lithosphere over time: ... • Earthquakes and

Chapter 5 - Ocean Basins SONARgeologycafe.com › oceans › alternative › Chapters_5-8.pdfChemical and physical changes to oceanic lithosphere over time: ... • Earthquakes and

Hurricanes: Observations and Dynamicstwister.caps.ou.edu/MM2002/Hurricanes.pdf · Hurricanes are intense vortical (rotational) storms that develop over the tropical oceans in regions

Hurricanes: Observations and Dynamicstwister.caps.ou.edu/MM2002/Hurricanes.pdf · Hurricanes are intense vortical (rotational) storms that develop over the tropical oceans in regions

Oceans and Coastlines. Ocean Basins Oceans are all connected, so it’s really just 1 big ocean! 5 ocean basins –Atlantic –Pacific –Indian –Antarctic (Southern)

Oceans and Coastlines. Ocean Basins Oceans are all connected, so it’s really just 1 big ocean! 5 ocean basins –Atlantic –Pacific –Indian –Antarctic (Southern)

Lecture 2 – Ocean Zones and Basins. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Oceans of the World.

Lecture 2 – Ocean Zones and Basins. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Oceans of the World.

The Oceans: size, shape and basins - National Institute of … ·  · 2005-12-27The oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface. Average depth of the oceans is 3,700 m, and they

The Oceans: size, shape and basins - National Institute of … ·  · 2005-12-27The oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface. Average depth of the oceans is 3,700 m, and they

The Seafloor. The oceans are classified into four major basins The oceans are classified into four major basins Pacific Pacific Atlantic Atlantic Indian.

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Sheltering Communities from Coastal Storms NOAA Coastal Storms Program Sheltering Communities from Coastal Storms NOAA Coastal Storms Program Coastal Storms.

Sheltering Communities from Coastal Storms NOAA Coastal Storms Program Sheltering Communities from Coastal Storms NOAA Coastal Storms Program Coastal Storms.

Lesson 2. 4 primary oceans Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Water that fills large areas between continents = Basins 97% of water is in the ocean Only.

Lesson 2. 4 primary oceans Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic Water that fills large areas between continents = Basins 97% of water is in the ocean Only.

The Ocean Basins. Five Major Oceans Arctic Pacific IndianAtlantic Southern.

The Ocean Basins. Five Major Oceans Arctic Pacific IndianAtlantic Southern.

Chapter 12 – THE OCEANS. The Oceans Ocean basins –No geologic record of time before water –Origin of water on Earth is debated 1 st proposal = water originated.

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Fire Safety during Winter Storms during Winter Storms · 2018-03-14 · Fire Safety during Winter Storms during Winter Storms Winter storms can happen almost anywhere. They can cause

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Thunderstorms: ‘ordinary’ or ‘single cell’ storms, multicell storms, supercell storms

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