THE NUSTAR MISSION. GRAZING INCIDENCE ANGLE where ρ is density (g/cm 3 ) and E in keV For example...
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Transcript of THE NUSTAR MISSION. GRAZING INCIDENCE ANGLE where ρ is density (g/cm 3 ) and E in keV For example...
THE NUSTAR MISSIONTHE NUSTAR MISSION
GRAZING INCIDENCE ANGLE
where ρ is density (g/cm3) and E in keV
For example even for Pt (ρ=21 g/cm3) at 30 keV is ≈ 0.18 deg, whereas at 5 keV is ≈ 1.1 deg
A eff f2 x α2 x R2
Valid for Wolter I optics, where f focal length and R reflectivity (de Korte 1988)
THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYSHARD X-RAYS
E
69
Multi-layers:
grazing incidence
+ Bragg reflection
N layers of heavy element/ light elements
(high/low refractive index as W/Si or Pt/C)
with spacing d which is a function of depth
(e.g, Christensen et al. 1991)
THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYSHARD X-RAYS
Balloon-borne hard X-ray focusing telescope have already flown (InFOCuS in Japan …
… HERO, Ramsey+02, …
Cyg-X1, 20-45 keV
THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYSHARD X-RAYS
… and mainly the precursor of NuSTAR, HEFT (Harrison+05)
THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYSHARD X-RAYS
THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYSHARD X-RAYS
NUSTAR FACT SHEETNUSTAR FACT SHEET
NUSTAR FACT SHEETNUSTAR FACT SHEET
DEPLOYABLE MASTDEPLOYABLE MAST
THE 10m MAST IS A SCALED DOWN VERSION
OF THE 60m ONE ALREADY USED FOR THE
SRTM WHICH FLEW IN 2000 ON ENDEAVOR
LAUNCH VEHICLELAUNCH VEHICLE
PEGASUS XL ROCKET LAUNCHED BY AIRCRAFT
AT 12000 Km
SCIENCESCIENCE
BY FLYING FIRST IT WILL OPEN THE DISCOVERY SPACE IN THE FOCUSING HARD X-RAY FIELD:
• BLACK HOLE PHYSICS AND CENSUS, BY BEGINNING TO RESOLVE A CONSISTENT FRACTION OF OBSCURED AGN AT THE PEAK OF THE CXB
• ACCELERATION MECHANISMS IN SN REMNANT, BLAZARS, PWN, ETC.
SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME CURIOUSCURIOUS
SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME CURIOUSCURIOUS
SCIENCE WE HAVE TO DOSCIENCE WE HAVE TO DODO I HAVE TO SAY IT ?
HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
FERRARI (2010)
HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERSHARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
A2256 RELIC
SAX PDS
FUSCO-FEMIANO 2000
CONTROVERSIAL TO SAY THE LEAST
(FF+99, R&M 04, FF+07 … R&M 14, FF+14 …)
HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERSHARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
PROBLEMS W/ NON FOCUSING INSTRUMENTS:
• SENSITIVITY
• BACKGROUND
• POINT SOURCE CONFUSION
• FOV
HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERSHARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
ARNAUD (2008)
HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERSHARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS
ARNAUD (2008)
SOMETHING ELSE ?SOMETHING ELSE ?
• CONTENT OF BUBBLES IN THE ICM (PARTICULARLY IN LOW T CLUSTERS & GROUPS) ?
BLANTON+03
SOMETHING ELSE ?SOMETHING ELSE ?
• SHOCKS ?
• FE ABUNDANCE ?