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Nuclear Data Center NetworkNuclear Data Center NetworkWho are we?Who are we?
What can we do for you?What can we do for you?
Victoria McLaneVictoria McLane1,31,3
Naohiko OtukaNaohiko Otuka2,32,3
11National Nuclear Data Center National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National LaboratoryBrookhaven National Laboratory
22Nuclear Data Center Nuclear Data Center Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteJapan Atomic Energy Research Institute
33Nuclear Theory GroupNuclear Theory GroupHokkaido UniversityHokkaido University
Recent Advances in Astrophysics and Planetary Science, March 1-2, 2005, Sapporo, Japan
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Nuclear data required for studies of:Early universe – “Big Bang”,Stellar physics:
novae, supernovae, Red giants, Interstellar medium.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Codes for modeling these systems require massive amounts of nuclear data
Reaction rates.
Energy released in nuclear reactions.
Structural properties of relevant nuclei.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Reaction rate: ‹σ·v›Cross section times ion velocity averaged over
Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution of relative ion velocity.
Basic data are cross sections and resonance parameters.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
For many unstable nuclear no cross section data exist!
Calculations rely on data from theoretical models.
Experimental reaction data are used for refinement of theoretical models.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Reaction rates Coughlin and Fowler - 1967 [1] NACRE [2] T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann [3] Goriely et al.
Many others
http://www.nucastrodata.org
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Energy released in nuclear reactions Reaction Q-values
Audi, Wapstra, Thibault [4]
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Structural properties of nuclei Decay lifetime, Branching ratios, Separation energies: 1- and 2-particle, Level densities, Resonance parameters.
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for AstrophysicsAstrophysicalAstrophysical
Computer ModelComputer Model
Reaction rates Energy release Nuclear structureNSDD
Evaluated cross sections
Measured cross sections
Mass tables Evaluated NSDD
Measured NSDD
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics1. G.R. Coughlin and W.A. Fowler, At. Data &
Nucl. Data Tables, 40 (1988) 283
2. C. Angulo et al., Nucl. Phys. A 656 (1999) 3.
3. T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann, At. Data & Nucl. Data Tables 79 (2001) 47-64.
4. A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi, and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003): part I, page 129; part II, page 337.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
Stellar nucleosynthesis: Hydrogen burning. Helium burning. Silicon burning.
Each involve the need for data on many nuclear reactions.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Reactions involving alpha particles are
important in the helium burning stage of stars, novae, and supernovae.
They involve light to medium weight nuclei, up to Z=32, and center-of-mass energies up to about 20 MeV.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Buildup of 56Ni in supernovae depends
critically on the (,) and (,p) reactions on -nuclei, the heaviest stable nuclide of them being 40Ca.
For more massive radioactive - nuclei, 44Ti, 48Cr, 52Fe, and 56Ni, we must rely heavily on calculations, since there are few measurements.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions A key element in our understanding of -induced
reactions is the -nucleus potential.
Most wide used potentials are McFadden-Satchler [1] and Arthur-Young [2].
Both are global potentials, i.e., expected to perform for a large number of nuclei, but perhaps not suitable for accurate calculations.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions
NNDC and CNPD, Sarov, along with ORNL, have been involved in a project to compile and evaluate alpha-induced nuclear reaction data.
Objective: to derive alpha-nucleus potentials for use in model calculations.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Compilation of data completed.
Evaluation of data. Calculations using the code Empire [3] for both
potentials and the code NON-SMOKER [4].
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions 1st phase of project is nearing completion
[5].
All data will be made available to the community.
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions1. L. McFadden and G.R. Satchler, Nucl. Phys.
84,177 (1966).2. E.D. Arthur and P.G. Young, LA-8626 [ENDF-
304], Los Alamos National Laboratory (1980).
3. M. Herman, paper presented at Nuclear Data for Science & Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published.
4. T. Rauscher, F.K. Thielemann, At. Data & Nucl. Data Tables 75, 1 (2000).
Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions5. Papers presented at Nuclear Data for Science
& Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published.
S.A.Dunaeva et al., paper 459. A.G. Zvenigorodski et al., paper 460.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
To explain occurrence of heavy elements
Evolving from existing Fe group: s-process r-process rp-process
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysicss-process: slow sequence of neutron absorption
(Red giant)
Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 ……
↓ β-
Z+1,A+1 → Z+1,A+2 → ……
Knowledge of (n,γ) cross sections 1 to 100 keV.
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysicsr-process: rapid sequence of neutron absorption
(supernova explosion)?
Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 → Z,A+3…… “neutron drip line”↓ β-
rp-process: rapid sequence of proton absorption
Z,A → Z+1,A+1 → Z+2,A+2 → Z+3,A+3…… “proton drip line” ↓ β+
Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics
These involve very many nuclear reactions.
Needed from nuclear data community: Basic measured data where possible. Calculations where measurements not
feasible. Evaluations of cross section data.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Coordinated by IAEA NDS.
Cooperate on compilation, exchange, and dissemination of nuclear reaction data.
All data are available on the World Wide Web, free of charge.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
Member centers: Provide higher quality service at lower
cost by: avoiding duplication of compilation effort, adopting common formats and procedures, sharing programming resources.
Provide customer services covering wide range of nuclear data.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
More than 50 years experience in nuclear data!
1952: BNL Neutron Cross Section Compilation Group
1st edition of BNL-325 published in 1955
1961: Sigma Center founded in U.S. at BNL. SCISRS: 1st computerized database of experimental nuclear
reaction data established in 1964.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
1966: “4-Center Network” created.
Coordinated compilation of neutron reaction data on an international scale.
EXFOR adopted as official exchange format of “4-Center” Network.
1975: Charged-Particle and Photonuclear Data Center Network formed.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
1979: Nuclear Reaction Data Center Network created. Merger of “4-Center” Network and Charged-
Particle and Photonuclear Data Network.
Who Are We?Who Are We?
Currently, 13 members centers.
“Core” centers: provide complete services
NNDC: US National Nuclear Data Center
NDS: IAEA Nuclear Data Section
NEADB: NEA Data Bank.
Who Are We?
CHINA China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of Atomic
Energy, Beijing
HUNGARY Cyclotron Applications Department, ATOMKI, Debrecen
JAPAN Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai Japan Charged Particle Reaction Data Group, Hokkaido
KOREA Nuclear Data Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute, Taejon
Who Are We?Who Are We?
RUSSIA Center for Nuclear Data (CJD), Obninsk Center for Atomic & Nuclear Data, Kurchatov Institute,
Moscow Center for Photonuclear Experiments Data, Moscow State
University Nuclear Physics Data Center Center for Nuclear Physics Data, Russia Federal Nuclear
Center – VNIIEF, Sarov
UKRAINE Ukrainian Nuclear Data Center, SC Institute for Nuclear
Research, Kiev
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
Core centers provide easy access to:
Neutron, charged-particle, and photonuclear reaction data.
Nuclear structure and decay data. Both experimental and evaluated.
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRSExperimental Nuclear Reaction Data Data for incident projectiles ≤1 GeV.
New: Data for incident projectiles >1 GeV. Fundamental particles reactions.
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRS
References linked to abstracts for several journals.
Links to evaluated data.
3 levels of retrieval: Basic, Extended, Expert
Complete set of help file (dictionaries)
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRS
Data output: EXFOR or CFOR formats.
Additional output formats will be developed for users as needs arise.
Plots.
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
ENDF
Evaluated Nuclear Reaction Data
Data output: as ENDF- formatted files, plots:
for multiple libraries; with experimental data; user has some control over format.
6Li(n,t)4He experimental cross section data plotted with ENDF/B-VI curve using ZVView.
10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10
10-1
1
10-1
1
10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10
ENDF/B-VI2000 Guohui Zhang1994 Drosg1985 Goldberg1983 Bartle1981 Engdahl1979 Macklin1978 Lamaze1978 Renner1977 Knitter1976 Gayther1975 Friesenhahn
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
NUDAT
Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Level properties, Decay modes, Radiations.
Output: Tables Plots.
What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?
Bibliographic Database
Nuclear Science References (NSR) Publications in low and intermediate energy nuclear
physics (includes nuclear astrophysics). Data may be retrieved by author, nuclide,
reaction,particle, subject, and other criteria. Links provided to experimental and evaluated nuclear
structure and decay data. Links are provided to abstracts for several journals.
Additional ServicesAdditional Services
National Nuclear Data Center
Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Publication of Nuclear Data Sheets. Nuclear Wallet Cards.
EMPIRE Code maintenance.
Additional ServicesAdditional Services
Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank
Computer Program Services Collection and distribution of computer programs
relevant to nuclear applications.
CD-Rom distribution JANIS: evaluated and experimental data
IAEA Nuclear Data SectionFENDL library for fusion applications.
IAEA Photonuclear Data Library.
Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL) for theoretical calculations of nuclear reaction cross
sections.
Atomic and Molecular Data Evaluation and dissemination of atomic and molecular
data for fusion and other plasma science & technology applications.
Additional ServicesAdditional Services
Core centersCore centers
US National Nuclear Data CenterBrookhaven National Laboratory http://[email protected]
OECD-NEA Data BankIssy-les-Moulineaux, France http://[email protected]
IAEA Nuclear Data SectionVienna, Austriahttp://[email protected]
US National Nuclear Data CenterUS National Nuclear Data Center
Japanese CentersJapanese Centers
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Nuclear Data Center, Tokai-murahttp://wwwndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/[email protected]
Japan Charged-Particle Nuclear Reaction Data Group Hokkaido University, Sapporohttp://www.jcprg.org/[email protected]
Japan Charged-Particle Reaction GroupJapan Charged-Particle Reaction Group
Nuclear Reaction Data CentersNuclear Reaction Data Centers
Please contact usPlease contact us
andand
let us knowlet us know
what we can do for you!what we can do for you!
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsThank you to: Michael Smith of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for
contributing information on uses of nuclear data in astrophysics.
http://www.phy.ornl.gov/astrophysics/
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA for supernova clip.
http://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html