The Notifiable Condition Mapping Table “Value Set” and its Role in Case Reporting
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Transcript of The Notifiable Condition Mapping Table “Value Set” and its Role in Case Reporting
The Notifiable Condition Mapping Table “Value Set” and its Role in
Case Reporting
Shaun Grannis, MD, MS FAAFPThe Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Medicine
What we’ll coverThe central theme of this presentation is to establish:• Value sets (e.g., NCMT) are necessary for operationalizing HIT use
cases (case reporting);• Value set content will diverge and decay when active efforts to
synchronize are lacking;• When value sets diverge or decay, information supplied by/to the
intended use case is incomplete or inaccurate;• Feasible informatics solutions and stakeholder coordination can
mitigate value-set divergence,
Leading to the conclusion:Stakeholders with interest in particular HIT use cases must develop strategies to maintain needed value sets.
The Real-World Motivation for this Presentation
Premises• To optimally manage the public health
disease burden in a community, the true public health disease burden of a community must be ascertained
• Determining disease burden is strongly dependent upon information generated in clinical care processes
• However …
Challenges• Information generated in clinical care is highly variable
and often incomplete– Variations differ across organizations– Variations differ across time within organizations
• Far less than half of physicians have a fully functional EHR system
• Clinical care processes under-report to public health (Thacker)– Reporters overburdened/under-resourced– Reporters lack knowledge, willingness– Clinical data is scattered across disparate settings
• Reporting requirements vary over time and geography
The Strategy• Leverage (re-use) existing clinical data flows
to augment public health reporting• Minimize the need for human intervention in
the reporting process by …• Standardizing (to the extent possible in a
sustainable fashion) the heterogeneous data so computers can automatically inspect
A Strategic Consideration
• Who identifies whether a clinical case is reportable?
Notifiable Condition Detection
InboundMessag
es
Reportable
Conditions
Reportable
Results
ReportableResults
Database
Abnormal flag,Organism name in Dwyer II, Value above threshold
Compare to Dwyer I
Record Countas denominator
E-mailSummar
yRealtime Daily Batch
PrintReport
s
To PublicHealth
To InfectionControl
Monitoring Dashboard
Managing Data Sources
Condition
Test Codes
Notes About Test Codes and Conditions
• Some test codes are specific for a single disease, whereas others are less specific, e.g.:– 14470-9 is an EIA test code solely for Chlamydia trachomatis – 11475-1 is a general test code for "microorganism identified”
• The LOINC-to-Condition mappings improves the case detection processing efficiency in at least two ways. – Accuracy of the case detection methods can be improved by focusing
and tailoring the logic to the disease(s) expected to be found for a given test.
– Processing efficiency can be improved by scanning only potentially reportable transactions by assuming that a clinical transaction is potentially reportable when the transaction contains a known
notifiable LOINC code.
Value Sets
What is a Value Set?A “value set” is a collection of concepts
drawn from one or more terminology systems and grouped together for a specific purpose.
It may be a simple list of concepts drawn from a single code system, or it may contain expressions drawn from multiple code systems.
Sample Notifiable Conditions
Why This Value Set: Another Strategic consideration
• We cannot immediately change existing processes -- we can’t “boil the ocean” -- we must proceed incrementally
• When proceeding incrementally, we must prioritize activities
• Prioritization must incorporate a notion of the greatest value per unit of effort -- the “low-hanging fruit” methodology
• The NCMT represents such a low-hanging fruit
Comparison of NCMT’s
4,871
5,645
RG
CDC
3,691
3,498
Total Records Unique LOINC’s
923
730
2,768
4,421 Total UniqueLOINC’s
Two Approaches to Finding Additional Reportable Tests
• LOINC Axes• String similarity
LOINC Axes• LOINC codes are characterized according to a
number or properties, including:• Component: What is measured, evaluated,
or observed (Rotavirus Ag, Reagin Ab, etc.) • System: Context or specimen type within
which the observation was made (Serum, Urine, Blood, etc.)
• Method: Procedure used to make the measurement or observation (EIA, IF, Probe, etc)
LOINC Axes Results: New Reportables
97272 410
Using LOINC axes of Component, System, and Method the Regenstrief (RG) NMCT identified 272 novel reportable LOINC codes, the CDC NCMT identified 97 novel codes, and both identified 410 shared codes.
RG CDC
We cross-referenced the 682 newly identified Regenstrief potentially reportable LOINC codes with the INPC dictionary and found that 136 of the 682 are actively used in the INPC. Similarly we found that 29 of the 507 newly identified CDC codes are actively used in the INPC.
LOINC Axes Results: An ExampleLOINC not in CDC NCMT
LOINC not in RG NCMT
String Similarity• Many string comparator measures• We hypothesize that tests having a LOINC
component name similar to the nationally notifiable disease name may increase the likelihood the test is reportable for that condition.
String Similarity (cont’d)
151 Notifiable Conditions
57,145 LOINC CodesX = 8,678,725
Comparisons
String Similarity Results• 147 comparisons produced nearness scores
equal to or greater than 0.80, that were not found by the LOINC Axes method
• 122 of these were manually identified as true reportable tests (PPV = 83%)
What we’ll coverThe central theme of this paper is to establish:• Value sets are necessary for operationalizing HIT use-cases;• Value set content will diverge and decay when active efforts to
synchronize are lacking;• When value sets diverge or decay, information supplied to the
intended use case is incomplete or inaccurate;• Feasible informatics solutions and stakeholder coordination can
mitigate value-set divergence,
Leading to our conclusion:
Stakeholders with interest in particular HIT use cases must colaboratively develop strategies to maintain needed value- sets.
Process to Maintain NCMT
• Recognize the value of the NCMT as an asset to the national public health interests
• Identify appropriate stakeholders (e.g., CDC, CSTE, Regenstrief, etc.)
• Confer accountability and authority to manage the maintenance process
• Develop and continuously refine the maintenance process
Strawman Process
1. Either a new NND list is produced, or a new LOINC version released
2. New candidate notifiable results are identified using pragmatic, manageable search strategies
3. SME’s identify those that are truly reportable4. The NCMT is updated and disseminated
Concluding Remarks• Strategy: Identify and maintain value sets
critical to healthcare use cases***
• Tactics: Develop strategies for monitoring updates/changes over time, establish collaborations necessary to do so.
• Operational: Identify authorized and accountable stakeholders
*** this applies to many health care use cases!!!
The Notifiable Condition Mapping Table “Value Set” and its Role in
Case Reporting
Shaun Grannis, MD, MS FAAFPThe Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Medicine