The Norwegian Law Commission’s recommendation – a general approach
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The Norwegian Law Commission’s recommendation – a general approach o Professor Erik Røsæg o Nordisk institutt for sjørett o [email protected] o folk.uio.no/erikro
description
The Norwegian Law Commission’s recommendation – a general approach. Professor Erik Røsæg Nordisk institutt for sjørett [email protected] folk.uio.no/erikro. History. The failure of the reforms in the 1970ies US law reform Multimodal transports – maritime hegemony - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Norwegian Law Commission’s recommendation – a general approach
The Norwegian Law Commission’s recommendation
– a general approachoProfessor Erik Røsæg
oNordisk institutt for sjø[email protected]
ofolk.uio.no/erikro
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Historyo The failure of the reforms in the
1970ieso US law reformo Multimodal transports
– maritime hegemonyo Electronic documentso Integration of sales contracts and
letters of credito New trends in contract law
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Outline of the Rules
1. Definitions2. Scope3. Electronic
documents4. Carrier’s
obligations5. Carrier’s liability6. Special rules7. Shipper’s
obligations8. Transport
documents9. Delivery of the
cargo
10.Right of control11.Transfer of rights12.Limitation of
liability13.Time limitation14.Jurisdiction15.Arbitration16.Freedom of
contract17.Other conventions18.Final clauses
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Ratification
o Yeso Timingo Jurisdiction and arbitration
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Implementation technique
o Amending the Maritime Codeo Individual articles identifiableoOrder changedoDrafting style
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Final risk allocation
oWrong focus?o Initial risk allocationo Adjustment through price
mechanisms
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Mandatory
o The weaker partyoMandatory rules come at a costo Cui bono?
o LawyersoReluctance to use normal contract
lawo The Norwegian Commission’s
approach
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Tackle to tackle
o First and last terminalo Art. 12(3)o Travaux préparatoires
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Merchant haulage
oNo duty to contract door to dooroDocuments wider than transport
obligationo Clarity
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Service agreements
oGrater freedomoUSA and Europe
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Basis of liability
oNegligenceoNavigational errorso FireoUnseaworthinessoHow it works
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Limitation
o Insurance costs and total costso 3 SDR/ 875 SDRoMontreal 19 SDRoUp 50% / 31%o Inflation 731%oNo tacit amendmento Privity
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Delay
o Special limits for delayoGoods damaged by delay
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Shipper
o Shipper ≠ avskipero Shipper = contractual shippero «Contractification»
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Shipper’s liability
o Liability situationo Basis for liabilityo Limitation of liability?
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Direct action and respondeat superior
oGeneral principle of respondeat superior
oDirect action on maritime performing parties
oNo rule on non-maritime performing parties
o The distinction
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Scope
oMandatory scopeoOutside the scopeoNational transports
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National transports
o The RR applyo Special limitation regimeoNational transport as part of an
international transport
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Relation to Ch. 14 of the MC
o Current rulesoNew approach
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Time limitation
o Action within two yearso Extensiono Counterclaims and set-off
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Delivery of the goods
o Clear delivery mechanismsoDelivering without a negotiable
transport document
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Right of control
o Explicit ruleso Similar to deliveryo Limited freedom of contract
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Position of the receiver
oNo liability for passive holdero Receiver’s liabilityo Freight prepaid
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Relationship to EU
o Competence and supremacyo Jurisdictiono Choice of lawoOther?o Ratification
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Provisions of the current maritime code
o CancellationoQuantum meruit
