The North Hindustani – Northern tradition But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual...
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Transcript of The North Hindustani – Northern tradition But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual...
The North• Hindustani – Northern tradition
• But influenced by Islamic values
• Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous)
• Low status of musicians
• Guilds & professionalization
• oral transmission (secrecy)
• Master (Ustad)
• Tansen – court musician of North
The South• Karnatak/Carnatic – Southern tradition
• Traditional Hindu values
• Association w/ Rig-Veda- high status of musicians- vocal music most highly valued
• No secrecy = written composition
• Master (Guru)
• Tayagaraja (amateur)
Kriti (Karnatak Song)
• Opens w/ short Alap• Pallavi in Adi Tal (4 + 2 + 2)
- Mridangam enters- Singer begins in mid-cycle (between 2 + 3)
• Anupallavi- shift to new text (“Tuntavinti”)
• Caranam- return to Pallavi w/ new text- improvisation (some on note names)
Ghazal
• North Indian Tradition (from 12th century)
• Urdu/Persian origin (10th century or earlier)
• “Light entertainment”
• Love Poetry in couplets
• Use of Harmonium (English missionary influence, cf., major/minor shifts)
FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM• “Islam” = “Surrender to God”
• Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632)
• His preaching accepted as early as 622
• Emphasis on:- individual’s relationship to God- human relations in society
• Islamic law governs all aspects of life(no distinction between secular and sacred)