The North and South The Industrial Revolution Southern Economy Life of African Americans...
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Transcript of The North and South The Industrial Revolution Southern Economy Life of African Americans...
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The North and South
The Industrial RevolutionSouthern Economy
Life of African AmericansSectionalism
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Key Resources
• Textbook: The American Nation pages 373-393 & pgs 293-311
• PBS Resources: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/index.html
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2957.html
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The Industrial Revolution
• In your own words describe the Industrial Revolution
– Share your description with your neighbor
– What features did both you and your partner mention?
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The Industrial Revolution
• --process by which machines replaced hand tools, and steam and other new sources of power replaced human and animal power
• Pg. 634 The American Nation
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TransportationSTEAM ENGINE (LOCOMOTIVE) STEAM ENGINE (STEAM BOAT)
• Transportation of people• Transportation of goods• Increase in economic activity• Decrease in travel time
• Allowed goods to travel by river• Goods could now travel “up” river• Increased importance of port cities
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AgricultureSTEEL PLOW COTTON GIN
• John Deere• Allowed easier plowing of land• Increased ability to produce food
• Eli Whitney• Allowed seeds to be removed from
cotton fiber• Increased demand for slaves
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CommunicationTelegraph
• Samuel Morse• Not the only person who worked on this• Increased communication speed• Changed military and business practices
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ManufacturingSPINNING JENNY WATER POWERED LOOM
• Allowed yarn to be made more quickly• Increased demand for cotton
• Increased production of cloth• Led to larger cities
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UrbanizationELEVATOR BRAKE WATER POWERED LOOM
• Made vertical architecture more safe • Increased production of cloth• Led to larger cities
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1820
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Northern Factors
• Why did the North industrialize more than the South?
– Originally access to river power– Ability to gain large profits– Led to increase in urban population
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North and South
• What is the relationship between northern manufacturing and southern agriculture?
Increase need for cotton
Additional cotton
produced
Increases profit for farmers, creates
industry jobs
Increase in profit and jobs = demand for more goods
ManufacturedGoods
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Southern Economy
• Why didn’t the richest Southerners invest in factories?
– Profitability of slavery– Cultural pressure
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Southern Hierarchy
Category 10
102030405060708090
100
Slave Owners 5+ slavesSlave Owners 1-4 slavesWhites / no slavesFree African AmericansEnslaved African Amer-icans
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Descriptions (page 388)
• Rich White Families– Planter = someone who owned at least 20 slaves• Less than 1% owned more the 50 slaves
– Richest planters built elegant homes– Many political leaders were “planters”
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Descriptions (page 389)
• Most Southern whites were small farmers– Did not own slaves– Did own their own land
• Poor Whites– Rented land on which they lived– Lived in hilly and wooded areas• Planted corn, potatoes, herded cattle
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Descriptions (page 389-390)
• Free African Americans– Often descendants of slaves freed during
American Revolution– Most lived in Maryland and Delaware (northern
South)– Not allowed to vote or travel
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Descriptions (390)
• Slaves– Most worked in fields of cotton– Some became skilled workers (profit went to
master)– Slave Codes• Illegal to be in groups of 4 or more• Written passes required to leave land• Could not testify in court
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North/South/West
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Nat Turner
• Virginia, 1831• 55-65 deaths by rebel
slaves• More than 100 slaves
killed in retaliation
• Most violent revolt in US History
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Frederick Douglass
• Most famous abolitionist in U.S. History
• Escaped slave from Maryland
• Author & Orator• Also fought for women’s
equality
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The Bible & Slavery
• Pro-slavery– Decedents of Ham should be
enslaved
• Anti-slavery– The rest of the Bible!– Sermon on the Mount
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Northern Racism
• Lack of voting rights• Some = feared mass migration of freed slaves
to the North
• Still lack of legal rights
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Henry Clay
• Self-taught lawyer!
• Moved to Kentucky in 1798
• Known as “Great Compromiser”
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THE WEST
• Western land sold in small (240 acre) plots• Desire western lands held by Native Americans• Favored federal government building roads &
canals• Oppose U.S. Bank, desired local control• Wanted a reasonable tariff• VOLATILE! Northwest opposed slavery,
Southwest depended upon slavery
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John C. Calhoun
• Southerner from South Carolina– Strong believer in States’ Rights
• VP for J.Q. Adams & Jackson
• Initiated “nullification”
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THE SOUTH
• STRONG support for slavery• Opposed any protective tariff– Needed European goods– Fear of foreign tariffs on cotton
• Oppose national subsidies for roads• Oppose the U.S. Bank• Western lands in 640 acres to support plantation
system• Unconcerned with Native American rights
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Daniel Webster
• “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”
• Entered Dartmouth at age 15• Senator much of his life
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THE NORTH
• Supported high protective tariff• Wanted national bank to provide loans to
build roads connected Northeast w/ Great Lakes region
• Some opposed slavery, others feared mass migration
• Little concern about western lands and treatment of Native Americans