The NOEL, Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory, … NOEL, Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory, of...

The NOEL, Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory, of Reggio Calabria (Italy)

NOEL, Lungomare Falcomatà, Rada delle Mura Greche, Reggio Calabria, Italy

ANNO ACCADEMICO DUEMILAQUATTORDICI/DUEMILAQUINDICI

NOEL, prof. Felice Arena Reggio Calabria, www.noel.unirc.it

The first ocean engineering laboratory working in the field rather than

in wave tanks equipped with wavemakers based on the successful

experience of some pionieeristic small-scale-field- experiments

directed by Professor Paolo Boccotti off the beach of Reggio Calabria

(Italy), since 1989.

NOEL, professor Felice Arena Reggio Calabria, www.noel.unirc.it

Ionian

Sea

Tyrrhenian

Sea

Sicily

Calabria

Messina

Reggio

Calabria

Messina

STRAITS OF MESSINA

Reggio

Calabria

NOEL

lab

L O C A T I O N

Reggio Calabria NOEL

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Reggio_calabria_panorama_dal_fortino.jpg


LOCATION

Beach of Reggio Calabria on the East coast of the Strait of

Messina.

Peculiarity. A local wind from NNW often generates sea

states consisting of pure wind waves with the typical size of

a big laboratory tank (significant wave height

0.20m<Hs<0.80m, peak period 2.0s<Tp<3.6s). This local

wind is very stable, and sometimes keeps steady from

morning to evening. The tide amplitude is small (typically

within 0.10m).

The water is very clear because of the current which flows

twice in a day.


Three dimensional view of the NOEL lab, in the Strait of Messina


THE ORIGIN OF LABORATORY

On 1989 Professor Paolo Boccotti directed the first experiment aimed at

verifying the possibility to work in the sea as in a big wave tank.

In 1990 a small scale field experiment was carried out off the beach of Reggio

Calabria to verify the theory of Quasi-Determinism, that defines the mechanics

of three-dimensional wave groups when a very high wave occurs. The results of

the experiment gave a full confirmation of the theory (Boccotti et al. 1993) and

showed that the sea off the Reggio Calabria promenade is a natural lab for

“small scale field experiments” (Phillips et al. 1993). Here a local wind blowing

from Messina toward Reggio Calabria generates wind waves with spectra very

close to the mean JONSWAP, spectrum during most time of a year.


THE ORIGIN OF LABORATORY

…………….. After three more experiments the Mediterranea University of

Reggio Calabria decided to build a laboratory in the promenade of Reggio

Calabria.

The municipality of Reggio Calabria included the laboratory in a big project

for the city seaside. This includes an open theatre and a new promenade

with a splendid sight of the Straits of Messina and Sicily. The new laboratory

has its own beach, and its own water sheet within 50m from the shoreline. It

includes a conference room, a room with the electronic station and a P.C.

network, offices and a small workshop.

The small scale field experiments are performed in the water sheet off the

beach. The instruments are connected by cables to the electronic station.

People attending symposia held in this lab can get a real time view of the

experiments.


The new management and the N.O.E.L. In March 2009 the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria assumed direct

management of the laboratory, and Professor Felice Arena was designated as

Director of the Lab, supported by the Scientific Supervision of Professor Paolo

Boccotti (they are both full professor of Ocean Engineering). In this new phase

of the lab, activities are run with the support of the PhD students of the ocean

engineering program, as well as graduate students, which participate to the

experiments. In the lab academic activities, as lectures for under graduate

students, are also held.


The Staff of the N.O.E.L. (2009/2015): Professors and researchers of the Mediterranea University

(Alessandra Romolo, Giuseppe Barbaro, Paolo Boccotti, Vincenzo Fiamma, Felice Arena)


The Staff of the N.O.E.L.: With some PhD students and PostDoc of the Mediterranea University


The Staff of the N.O.E.L.

Ph.D. Students: Ocean Engineering Program

Name Ciclo Tutor(s) Name Ciclo Tutor(s)

Rosa Maria Calaudi XXVI Prof. Felice Arena

Dott.ssa A. Sempreviva

Valentina Laface

XXVII Prof. Felice Arena

Prof. C. Guedes Soares

Alessandro Richichi XXVI Prof. Felice Arena

Prof. Pol Spanos

Federica Strati

XXIX Prof. Felice Arena

Anita Santoro XXVI Prof. C.Guedes Soares

Prof. Felice Arena

Carlo Ruzzo XXIX Prof. Felice Arena

Giovanna Vizzari XXVII Prof. F. Arena,

Prof. A. Romolo

Post-Doc in Ocean Engineering

Saveria Meduri (PhD – ciclo XX)

Vincenzo Nava (PhD – ciclo XXI) International Post-doc between Mediterranea

and Instituto Superior Tecnico of Lisbon, Portugal

Antonino Viviano (PhD – ciclo XXI)

Giovanni Malara (PhD – ciclo XXIII) International Post-doc between

Mediterranea and Rice University of Houston, Texas, USA


Marie Curie IRSES project (2014-2018):

LARGE MULTIPURPOSE PLATFORMS FOR EXPLOITING

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OPEN SEAS - PLENOSE Partners

1) Mediterranea University

(coordinator),

2) University of Liverpool

(UK),

3) Instituto Superior

Tecnico of Lisbon

(Portugal),

4) Rice University of

Houston (USA),

5) Columbia University of

New York (USA),

6) Indian Institute of

Technology Madras (India)


Marie Curie IRSES project

PLENOSE

Kick off meeting in Santorini, during

CSM conference, 2014 (participation of

Mediterranea University, University of

Liverpool , Instituto Superior Tecnico of

Lisbon, Rice University of Houston (USA),

Columbia University of New York (USA)

Meeting in Lisbon, during

RENEW2014 conference (participation of Mediterranea

University, Instituto Superior

Tecnico of Lisbon, Indian Institute

of Technology Madras (India)


Early experiments of Professor Paolo Boccotti

in the natural ocean engineering laboratory

of Reggio Calabria


NOEL experiment RC1990, on mechanics of three-dimensional wave

groups in the open sea, and formation of exceptionally high waves.

There were nine vertical piles of small section on deep water, each with

instruments for measuring the free surface displacement, and pressure

transducers for measuring the fluctuating pressure head beneath the water

surface.

The experiment aimed to check the basic predictions of the quasi-

determinism theory: an exceptionally high wave in a wind generated sea-state

occurs because of the transit of a

characteristic wave group at the apex of

its development. The theory is based on

a closed-form solution of probabilistic

wave mechanics, and describes in details

this three dimensional wave group, giving

not only the free surface displacement

but also the velocity potential.


1990 Mechanics of three-dimensional wave groups in the open

sea, and occurrence of exceptionally high waves.

….. In particular the theory shows that, whichever the spectrum of the

sea state, the wave group has a development stage which is followed

by a decay stage. During the development stage, the envelope and the

wave crest shrink and as a consequence the height of the central wave

of the group grows up to a maximum. The opposite occurs during the

decay stage. The individual waves have a propagation speed greater

than group’s speed, so that each of them runs along the envelope from

the tail where it is born to the head where it dies. As a consequence

each individual wave experiences some great transformations during its

evolution, especially when the three dimensional wave group is close to

the apex of its development.


NOEL experiment RC1991. Mechanics of three-dimensional wave

groups interacting with a vertical breakwater, and formation of high

waves at the breakwater and in the water sheet before the breakwater.

A special vertical breakwater 12m long was built on 1.5m water depth. Thirty

wave gauges were assembled in the water sheet before the breakwater.

The experiment aimed to check the

quasi-determinism theory for what

concerns waves interacting with a

reflecting wall. In particular the

theory predicts that an

exceptionally high wave at the wall,

most probably is the central wave

of a three-dimensional group

hitting the breakwater, at the apex

of its development stage.


NOEL experiment RC1991. Mechanics of three-dimensional wave

groups interacting with a vertical breakwater, and formation of high

…. The theory predicts that, an exceptionally high wave at a point far

from the breakwater, most probably, is the outcome of two wave groups

at the apex of their development, which strike each other in full at this

point.

The experiment also aimed

to verify some predictions

on the frequency spectrum

as a function of the distance

from the breakwater.


NOEL experiment RC1992. Mechanics of random wave forces on

gravity offshore platforms.

The 1:50 scale model of a gravity

offshore platform was towed and sank

on 2.5m water depth. A first set of

transducers was placed at the base

and at a column of the platform.

A second set of transducers with the

same configuration of the first set, and

on the same water depth, was placed

at some distance from the platform.

Thus it was possible to get a real time

comparison between the wave force

on the solid body and the wave force

on an equivalent water mass (Froude

Krylov force).


NOEL experiment 1993. Wave forces on large horizontal cylinders.

This experiment was similar to RC1992 with the difference that here the solid body

was the 1:30 scale model of a submerged tunnel. Like in RC1992 there were two

sets of pressure transducers, one at the solid body (tunnel) and one with the same

spatial configuration, at some distance from the solid body so as to get a real time

comparison between the wave force and the Froude-Krylov force.

Two kinds of tunnels were tested. First: a tunnel of 27m diameter for the railway and

the highway. Second: a tunnel of 13.5m diameter for the railway only. The most

typical Hs (significant wave height) of the small wind waves of Reggio Calabria is

0.30m, and we fix the model scale as equal to the quotient between this most typical

Hs and the design Hs of the prototype.

In the case of the experiment RC1992

(model of the gravity offshore platform) the

design Hs of the prototype was 15m so that

the model scale was 1:50. In the case of the

experiment RC1993 (model of a submerged

tunnel) the design Hs of the prototype was

9m so that the model scale was 1:30.


NOEL experiment 1994. Mechanics of random wave forces on vertical

breakwaters.

A small vertical breakwater 12m long was assembled like in the experiment

RC1991. This time a set of transducers was put at various elevations at the wall

centre. The aim was to analyze the wave

pressure on this kind of structure, both under

wave crests and wave troughs. The effects of

high water jets like that of the photo were

deeply investigated.


NOEL exp 2001. Submerged caisson for absorbing sea wave energy.

In autumn 2001 we assembled a 1/10 scale model of one caisson of the so called

‘invisible breakwater’ disclosed by Professor Boccotti. This breakwater consists of

caissons well beneath the water level (at full scale: 3-5m beneath the mean water

level). Hence, we are dealing with a breakwater with a very low environmental

impact. Under wave action water enters into (or exits from) the caissons, and as

a consequence an air pocket (1) in a

room inside the caisson is compressed or expands.

3

8.5

1

122

21

5

2.5SECT A-A

AA

SECT B-B

21

1

21

1.7

3

BB

11

13


compressore polmone

d'aria

x

Air

pocket Air compressor

NOEL exp 2001.

… On tuning the height of the air pocket, it is possible to

induce resonance. Thanks to resonance the plant can

absorb a large share of the incident wave energy. This

energy is wasted inside the caissons. The experiment

showed that, on tuning the height in the air pocket, it is

possible to get an impressive amplification of the random

pressure fluctuations inside the plant. Moreover the

experiment confirmed that the height of the waves off a

beach can be controlled on opening or closing two valves

on the beach.


NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave energy into

electric power.

On spring 2005 we assembled a 1/10 scale model of a caisson breakwater with a

U-OWC embodied (size of the model: 16.2m length, 2m water depth, weight

about 300tons). The U-OWC converts the chaotic wave energy into the energy of

a high speed air current in a tube. The energy of this air current can be converted

into electric power by means of a Wells turbine. In the experiment 2005 there was

no turbine, so that there was only the first step: from the chaotic wave energy to

the energy of the air current in the tube.


NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave energy into

electric power.

The aim of the experiment was not to improve the design empirically on changing

size and shape of the various part of the plant. On the contrary, the design had be

performed up to details, analytically, on exploiting a powerful tool for design which

is the Quasi Determinism of the largest sea waves (Boccotti, 2000; chaps. 9-10).

The experiment aimed to verify two things of general interest, which emerged

from the Boccotti’s solution (2007) for the interaction waves U-OWC. Specifically,

the experiment aimed to verify whether or not the plant can convert the very 100%

of the energy of the long swell, thanks to a super amplification of these swell,

amplification that cannot expand towards the open sea, since the propagation

speed of the reflected wave energy approaches zero. This time the confirmation

was really spectacular: in a number of records of long swell, nearly the 100% of

the wave energy was converted into the energy of the air current in pressure, and

this occurred thanks to some super amplifications of the waves at the breakwater

embodying the U-OWC, just as it was predicted.


2

3

0.8

0.45

0.45

1.55

-1.65

+0.3

Saracinesche / turbine

1.30

2massi guardiani

0.33

Blocchi zavorra

in calcestruzzo

Mare

1

2

Terra

3 tube

Concrete

ballast

Seaward

8+3.5

20

1.5 1.523.5

2 5

0.4

3.4

Comparison: a traditional caisson

And a REWEC3 caisson

IIIIII

II

Sez. I

Sez. III

+3.5

25

II

20

2.3

5

25

3

1

0.7

0.5

28.2

3 1

2

II

1 5

2.5

2

4.5

F

larghezza media

condotto: 2.5

8

NOEL exp 2005. Vertical breakwaters for converting sea wave

energy into electric power.


Experiments in the NOEL

with the new management

of the Mediterranea University

(Spring 2009- Spring 2011)

Director:

Professor Felice Arena

Scientific Supervisor:

Professor Paolo Boccotti


NOEL exp 2009 a. Directional spectra in coastal area

measured by two gauges The first experiment (of May 2009) dealt with the directional spectrum

recorded by wave gauges, either ultrasonic probes measuring the free

surface elevation or the transducers, measuring the wave pressure.


NOEL exp 2009 b/c. Sea wave forces on a vertical wall

The experiment dealt with the wave pressures

and the wave forces on vertical walls at sea.

This experiment was carried out for different

relative water depths, in May (exp b) and in

October-December, (exp c) to analyze the

extreme pressures and forces on the wall when

high waves occur. The wave force was measu-

red by means of a set of pressure transducers,

on the mid vertical section of the wall.


NOEL exp spring 2009d. Hydrodynamic forces of sea waves on

horizontal submerged cylinders

At the end of September 2009 a new experiment started, to analyze the wave

forces on cylinders. The first experiment was carried out by considering a

vertical cylinder. The wave force is measured by means of a set of pressure

transducers in a horizontal section of the cylinder

7

1.2m1.45m

2.0m

1.8m

wave pressures

z

x

ultrasonic probes

0.75m

6

8

9

10

11 12

13

y

x

wave a

dvance


NOEL exp spring 2010. Waves and QD in space-time domain

In the spring of 2010, an experiment was carried out on the wave group mechanics

and statistics in space time domain. The Boccotti’s Quasi-Determinism theory

predicts that the high waves during storms are joined in groups; all wave groups with

high waves have the same characteristics and have similar changing during they

propagation. During this experiment, 26 wave gauges were used for recording waves

simultaneously. The result is a full and spectacular validation of the QD theory.

It has been found that wave groups, when

a very high wave occurs (very high with

respect to the mean wave height),

recorded in different days, are very

close to each other! A very

important consequence in ocean

engineering: freak waves (or giant

waves) during a storm have all the

same characteristics and have the

same evolution during they

propagation.


In October 2010 a new experiment has

started, on hydrodynamic forces of sea

waves on horizontal submerged cylinders

(tunnels of pipelines). A submerged cylinder

is supported by the structure shown in the

picture (in the Northern part of the Lab). It is

possible to see two ultrasonic probes which

record the free surface displacement (red

circles). The forces on the cylinder are

recorded by means of eight pressure

transducers in the vertical mid section of the

submerged cylinder. It is the first experiment

in the world on sea wave forces on

submerged pipelines, carried out at sea with

techniques of laboratory

NOEL exp autumn 2010-spring 2011. Hydrodynamic forces of sea

waves on horizontal submerged cylinders


NOEL exp 2011. Waves and QD

in space-time domain in front of a

vertical breakwater


NOEL exp 2012. Waves in space-time domain in deep water

15.0m

-2.0m

-5.0m

0.0

1.2

0m

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

15.0m

y

horizontal beam

(b)

(a)

y

wave direction

22.0m

The 2012 experiment was

carried out to investigate the

wave group mechanics and

statistics in space time

domain, in deep water.

www.wavenergy.it

POSEIDONE project (2013/2014)

In collaboration among:

Wavenergy.it srl,

Faggiolatipumps SpA,

Mediterranea University

of Reggio Calabria

University La Sapienza

of Rome

Research project “U-OWC plant and air turbine for the production of electrical

power from sea waves - POSEIDONE “ announcement of Ministry for the

Environment and for the Protection of Land and Sea


A small scale prototype of a

REWEC3 device www.wavenergy.it

Flange for

turbine

Higher part of the caisson

Lower part of the caisson


www.wavenergy.it


www.wavenergy.it

The turbine


1st September 2014

the Wells turbine produced continuous average electric

power over 500W with peaks greater than 1800W!

The most important small scale experiment in the world to produce electrical power from sea waves.

An important Italian success in the field of wave energy exploitation! In the Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory.


September 1 2014: a very high wave occurring on the REWEC3 caisson

The U-OWC, disclosed by Professor Paolo Boccotti (Ocean Engineering, vol 34, 2007 and vol 51, 2012) has yielded an excellent performance in the small scale field experiment at NOEL of Reggio Calabria:


experiments in NOEL during 2014-2015 (in progress):

1. Wave forces on vertical breakwaters in intermediate and shallow

water

2. Small scale experiment on an artificial island

3. OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: a small scale experiment on SPAR

floating supports for wind energy devices

4. Small scale field experiment on the REWEC3 caisson, in

cooperation with ENEA


Wave forces on vertical breakwaters in

intermediate and shallow water


a small scale experiment on SPAR floating supports for

wind energy devices (July 2015: in progress)

OFFSHORE WIND FARMS:

www.wavenergy.it

Small scale field experiment on the REWEC3 caisson, in cooperation with ENEA


In progress ….

In cooperation with ENEA

www.wavenergy.it


Small scale experiment on

a REWEC3 device

In progress ….


Selected papers on historical experiments in the natural ocean engineering laboratory (up to 2007)

P. Boccotti, G. Barbaro, L. Mannino, A field experiment on the mechanics of irregular gravity waves, Journal of

Fluid Mechanics, 252, 173-186, 1993

P. Boccotti, G. Barbaro, L. Mannino, V. Fiamma, A. Rotta, An experiment at sea on the reflection of the wind

waves, Ocean Engng., 20, 493-507, 1993

P. Boccotti, A field experiment on the small scale model of a gravity offshore platform, Ocean Engng., 22, 615-

627, 1995

P. Boccotti, Inertial wave loads on horizontal cylinders: a field experiment, Ocean Engng., 23, 629-648, 1996

P. Boccotti, A general theory of three-dimensional wave groups., Ocean Engng., 24, 265-300, 1997

F. Arena, Statistics of wave forces on large horizontal cylinders, Ocean Engng, 29/4, 359-372, 2002.

Arena, F. & Fedele, F. (2002). A family of narrow-band non-linear stochastic processes for the mechanics of

sea waves. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, Vol. 21, Issue 1, pp 125-137

Boccotti, P., On a new wave energy absorber, Ocean Engineering, 30, 1191–1200, 2003

Arena, F. (2006). Interaction between long-crested random waves and a submerged horizontal cylinder.

Physics of Fluids, Vol. 18, Issue 7, paper 076602, pp. 1-9, doi: 10.1063/1.2213867

Boccotti P., Filianoti P, Fiamma V, Arena F., 2007. Caisson breakwaters embodying an OWC with a small

opening — Part II: A small-scale field experiment. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp. 820-841 ISSN: 0029-

8018.

Arena, F. & Filianoti, P. (2007) A small-scale field experiment on a submerged breakwater for absorbing wave

energy, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Volume 133, Issue 2, pp. 161-

167, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2007)133:2(161)

Boccotti P., 2008. Quasi-determinism theory of sea waves, ASME Journal Offshore Mechanics and Arctic

Engineering JOMAE, Vol. 130, pp. 1-9. paper 005802JOM (the paper was the invited lecture given at the

2006 OMAE Congress in Hamburg).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2213867


Selected papers on historical experiments in the natural ocean engineering laboratory (up to 1994)

Books

Boccotti, P., Idraulica Marittima, UTET, 1997, 1-522.

Boccotti, P., Wave Mechanics for Ocean Engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.


Selected papers - ISI journals and books- on experiments in NOEL (2010-2013)

Romolo, A. & Arena, F. (2008) Mechanics of nonlinear random wave groups interacting

with a vertical wall, Physics of Fluids. Vol. 20, Issue 3, paper 036604, pp. 1-16.

DOI: 10.1063/1.2890474. (Impact Factor: 1.738)

Boccotti, P. (2010) field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical cylinders. part i: possibility of

simulating the random process, Computational Stochastic Mechanics. Edited by G. Deodatis and P. D.

Spanos, Research Publishing :: www.rpsonline.com.sg, ISBN: 978-981-08-7619-7.

Boccotti, P. (2010) field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical cylinders. part i: possibility of

simulating the random process, Computational Stochastic Mechanics. Edited by G. Deodatis and P. D.

Spanos, Research Publishing :: www.rpsonline.com.sg, ISBN: 978-981-08-7619-7.

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., V. Fiamma & G. Barbaro (2010) Drag and inertia coefficients for the Morison

equation, being obtained from a small scale field experiment, Proc. of the 6th Computational Stochastic

Mechanics Conference, Rodhos, Greece, 13-16 June 2010.

Romolo A., Arena F. (2010) A Small-Scale Field Experiment for the Validation of a Theory on Reflection of

Nonlinear Short-Crested Wave Groups, Proceeding 32nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering

(ICCE 2010) - ASCE, 30 June - 5 July 2010, Shangai, China, waves.58 paper, pp. 1-14.

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V. 2011. On wave height distribution in the space domain and in the time

domain, Proc. Of the International Conference IMAM2011. Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-

415-62081-9. Vol. II, pp.863-872.

Arena, F. (2011) Nonlinear ocean wave groups with high waves, Instituto Superior Tecnico Anniversary

Book “Marine Technology and Engineering”, CRC Press/Balkema – Taylor & Francis Group, Vol. 1, pp. 5-

20.

http://www.rpsonline.com.sg/



Boccotti, P. (2011) Field verification of quasi-determinism theory for wind waves in the space–time domain ,

Ocean Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 13, September 2011, Pages 1503-1507

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. & Barbaro, G. (2011) Estimation of mean spectral directions

in random seas, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 38, Issue 2-3, pp. 509–518,

doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.11.018 (Impact Factor: 1.178)

Arena, F. (2011) Nonlinear ocean wave groups with high waves, Marine Technology and Engineering, Taylor

& Francis Group, London, Vol. 1, pp. 3-18.

ISBN 978-0-415-69808-5. (Instituto Superior Tecnico - CENTEC Anniversary Book)

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., V. Fiamma & G. Barbaro (2011) Field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical

cylinders. Part II: systematic analysis of hydrodynamic coefficients, Computational Stochastic Mechanics.

Edited by G. Deodatis and P. D. Spanos, Research Publishing: www.rpsonline.com.sg, ISBN: 978-981-08-

7619-7, pp. 116-123.

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Barbaro, G. (2012) Field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical

cylinders, Probabilistic engineering mechanics, Vol. 28, pp. 39-51. doi: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2011.08.003

(Impact Factor: 1.086)

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. & Barbaro, G. (2012) A small scale field experiment on wave

forces on upright breakwaters, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 138,

Issue 2, pp. 97-114. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000111 (Impact Factor: 1.00)

Boccotti P (2012). Design of breakwater for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy. Ocean

Engineering, vol. 51, p. 106-118, ISSN: 0029-8018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.05.011

Boccotti P (2012). A new property of distributions of the heights of wind-generated waves. Ocean

Engineering, vol. 54, p. 110-118, ISSN: 0029-8018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.06.015

http://www.rpsonline.com.sg/

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.06.015



Arena, F. and Malara, G. (2012) A small-scale field experiment on random Froude-Krylov force on a

rectangular structure, Proceedings of the ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore

and Arctic Engineering (OMAE2012), July 1-6, 2012, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, OMAE2012-83617 paper, pp.

1-8.

Romolo A., Arena F. (2012) Nonlinear wave pressures given by extreme waves on an upright breakwater:

theory and experimental validation, Proceedings of 33rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering

(ICCE 2012) - ASCE, No 33, 1-6 July 2012, Santander, Spain, paper waves.33, pp. 1-15 - ISSN: 2156-

1028.

Malara, G. and Arena, F. (2013) U-Oscillating Water Column in Random Waves: Modelling and

Performances,Proc. of the ASME 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering

(OMAE2013-10923), June, 9-14, Nantes, France,Vol. 8: Ocean Renewable Energy, pp. V008T09A059;10

pages, doi:10.1115/OMAE2013-10923. ISBN: 978-0-7918-5542-3

Arena, F., Fiamma, V. (2013) On hydrodynamic random forces on cylinders, Proc. of the ASME 32nd

International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering (OMAE2013-11587), June, 9-14,

Nantes, France, Vol. 2B: Structures, Safety and Reliability, pp. V02BT02A052-;11 pages,

doi:10.1115/OMAE2013-11587. ISBN: 978-0-7918-5533-1

Arena F., Romolo A., Malara G., Fiamma V. (2013) A Small Scale Field Experiment on a U-OWC

(REWEC3), Proc. of the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference EWTEC 2013, Aalborg, Denmark, 2-

5 September 2013, ISSN 2309-1983

Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V. (2013) Distributions of wave heights in time domain in stationary sea

states, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 139(3), 147-156 doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000164 (Impact Factor: 1.107)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000164





Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V., Romolo, A. (2013) Two small-scale field experiments on the

effectiveness of Morison’s equation, Ocean Engineering. Vol. 57, Issue 1, pp. 141–149. Doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.08.011 (Impact Factor: 1.337)

Romolo, A., Arena, F. (2013) Three-dimensional nonlinear standing wave groups: formal derivation and

experimental verification, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol. 57, pp. 220-239 Doi:

10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2013.08.005 (Impact Factor: 1.463)

Arena, F., Barbaro, G. (2013) The Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory, NOEL, in Reggio Calabria, Italy,

Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. vii-x - doi: 10.2112/13A-00004 (Impact Factor: 0.755)

Malara, G. and Arena, F. (2013) Analytical modelling of an U - Oscillating Water Column and performance in

random waves, Renewable Energy, In press, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.04.016

Arena, F., Malara, G., Fiamma,V. Romolo, A., (2014) Field experiment on a U-OWC wave energy converter

in confused sea waves, Proc. of the 7th Computational Stochastic Mechanics Conference, Santorini,

Greece, 15-18 June 2014, in press

Arena, F., Malara, G., Romolo, A., Fiamma, V., Laface, V., Strati, F.M., Barbaro, G. (2014) A small-scale field

experiment to analyze a U-OWC wave energy converter in real seas, Proc. of the 1st International

Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore, RENEW 2014, Lisbona, 24-26 novembre 2014

Arena, F., Nava, V., Ruzzo, C. Strati, F.M. (2014) On the arrangement of a small scale field experiment of a

spar-type support for offshore wind turbine, Proc. of the 1st International Conference on Renewable

Energies Offshore, RENEW 2014, Lisbona, 24-26 novembre 2014

Senthilkumar R, Romolo A., Fiamma V., Arena F., and Murali K, 2015. Analysis of Wave Groups in Crossing

Seas Using Hilbert Huang Transformation, Procedia Engineering 2014, 8th International Conference on

Asian and Pacific coasts (APAC 2015), 7-10 September 2015, IIT Madras, India. In press

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.08.011


The new book by Professor Paolo Boccotti

Paolo Boccotti is a Professor in the Department of Civil

Engineering at the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria in

Italy, where he has been since 1986. Highlights of his career

include him founding the university's School of Marine

Engineering and the NOEL laboratory for small-scale field

experiments from scratch. Boccotti has authored over 30 papers

for prestigious journals such as Ocean Engineering, the Journal

of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, the Journal

of Fluid Mechanics and the Journal of Geophysical Research,

and in 2000 he published the first edition of 'Wave Mechanics for

Ocean Engineering' with Elsevier

Affiliations and Expertise

Professor of Ocean Engineering, Mediterranean University of

Reggio Calabria, Italy and Founder of the Natural Ocean

Engineering Laboratory (NOEL)

(see http://store.elsevier.com/Paolo-Boccotti/ELS_1027320/ )

http://store.elsevier.com/Paolo-Boccotti/ELS_1027320/




For further information, please visit

www.noel.unirc.it

or contact the Director, Professor Felice Arena

(telephone +39 3355387968, Email: [email protected])

Thank you!

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