The next quasars and galaxies frontier: The bluetides ... · The next quasars and galaxies...
Transcript of The next quasars and galaxies frontier: The bluetides ... · The next quasars and galaxies...
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The next quasars and galaxies frontier:
The bluetides simulation Tiziana DiMatteo (CMU) Yu Feng (Berkeley), Rupert Croft (CMU), Aklant Bhowmick, Kuan-Wei Hunag, (CMU) Simeon Bird (JHU), Steve Wilkins (Sussex),Ananth Tenneti (CMU) Nick Battaglia (Princeton),Mark Straka (NCSA)
http://bluetides- project.org
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The cosmic dawn - a largely unexplored frontier
300Myrs 800Myrs
z =8 z =6 z =7 1Billion yrs
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Z > 7 A few (tens) of compact, clumpy irregular galaxies
two quasars
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Z > 7 room for discovery
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The first 800 million years
Predictions: Z > 7
http://bluetides-project.org/
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The challenge: first objects are rare and tiny..
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A sketch of Cosmic History
300Myrs 800Myrs
The Universe First Billion Yrs
BTii (renewal/ current BW project)
BT ( initial BW project)
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BlueTides Simulation:
NCSA BlueWaters 0.7 million cores 0.7 trillion particles full hydrodynamics
Resolves galaxies and large-scale structure of the Universe
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Hybrid TreePM (gravity)
SPH (Hydrodynamics – ideal fluid, baryons)
N-Body Method Grav. Potential, Poisson eq
à FFTW + Boltzmann Eq for collisionless DM
Euler
Continuity
3rd law of thermodynamics
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Hybrid TreePM (gravity- dark matter)
SPH (Hydrodynamics – ideal fluid, baryons) Cosmological expanding gasà a is the scale factor
Euler
Continuity
3rd law of thermodynamics
Grav. Potential, Poisson eq à FFTW
+ Boltzmann Eq for collisionless DM system
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BlueTides Simulation: Technology
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BlueTides Simulation: Science
calibrated from rad. Hydro sims (Battaglia+13)
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BlueTides 400 x volume of HubbleUltraDeepField,
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Galaxy Luminosity Function in BlueTides consistent with Hubble Legacy Fields
Cosmic variance
Diff
. Num
ber d
ensi
ty o
f gal
axie
s
Feng et al., 2015a
(star formation rate)
Galaxy luminosity bright
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Predictions from BlueTides: J
High-z qso
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Z > 6 QSOs 1.3x1010M¤ @ z=6.3
¢
¢
Wu+15, Nature
2x109M¤ @ z=7 (Mortlock+11)
A few (Gpc)-3
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¢
¢ 2x109M¤ @ z=7 (Mortlock+11)
at Z > 6 BH as massive as most massive at z=0 (t> 13 billion yrs)
McConnel&Ma13 Galaxy mass
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h``11111
1 QSO
z=6 qsos are this rare
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Z = 7.54 J1342+0928 ALLWISE/Ukidss
Banados+17, Nature
MBH=8x108M¤
…. And after 6 years
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Ma BH Seeds Small
Large
Grow Massive BHs
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BH Seeds Small
Grow
PopIII remnants
ü First stars (metal free) are massive M★ ~O(100) M¤
ü When they die they leave a remnant BHs of MBH,seed ~ M★ ~ O(100) M¤
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BH Seeds Large
Grow
Direct gas collapse
ü Deep potential well for gas infall and collapse require inflow rate > 0.1M¤
ü Form a supermassive star, that accretes envelope forms MBH,seed ~ O(104-6) M¤
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1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
100 500 1000
BH
Mas
s in
Sol
ar M
asse
s
DC/supermassive Star Seed
PopIII Seed
Myrs since the BigBang
Observed..
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How/ where do MBHs seeds grow?
BH-BH mergers
Mayer et al. Gas Accretion
Total mass density of BHs grows with time.
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How/ where do MBHs seeds grow?
Gas Accretion
Total mass density of BHs grows with time.
LBH = efficiency Macc c2 BH Growth = Gas Supply = Energy liberated
AGN feedback
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SMBHs
Stars (bulges) /galaxies
DM halos?
RSch=2GMBH /c2
Rgrav=2GMBH /σ2
microparsec/parsec
RSch=2GM*/σ2
kiloparsec
RSch=2GMHalo/σ2 megaparsec
Resolution demands to do BH growth in simulations
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Uniform Cosmological Simulations with BHs
ü rare regions Large Volumes
ü galaxy scales High Resolution
ü gas accretion Hydrodynamics
… + star formation BH accretion feedback
subgrid
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BT only direct Simulation that probes high-z quasars
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Example:
6x108Msun
Most massive BHs at z=8, M ~ 108Msun
Fastest growing, massive black holes are not in disky galaxies!
First quasars beyond z=7
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T
The environment of the most massive BH: compact, spheroidal host galaxy with strong radial inflows
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BT: First Massive stuff: tidal fields/IC
MBH=4x108 Msun
Primordial ‘Milky Way’ galaxies
∂i∂ j
First billion solar mass BHs
disc
spheroid
HIGH TIDAL FIELD
LOW TIDAL FIELD
Di Matteo+17
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Strong enough inflow in rare region of low tidal fields rates can sustain critical growth rates (+)
High-z qsos
✔
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1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
100 500 1000
BH
Mas
s in
Sol
ar M
asse
s
DC/supermassive Star Seed
PopIII Seed
Myrs since the BigBang
109Msun
✔
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Z = 7.54 J1342+0928 ALLWISE/Ukidss
Banados+17, Nature
MBH=8x108M¤
….current PRAC meets observations
quasar
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Z = 7.54 quasar
Tenneti, TDM+18
MBH=7x108M¤ M*= 3e10M¤
…. In BlueTides
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Does the BH ever stop growing?
Evidence for BH feedback/winds in z=6 quasars
Maiolino et al. 2013
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The outflow at z=7.5
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Z=7.54 Quasar outflows
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Quasar outflows
Few 100 Solar Mass/yr
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Does the BH ever stop growing? YES BT predicts z=7.54 quasar has strong outflows
Ni+2018
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co-evolution of galaxies and BHs from high-z?
Who is the host ?
Who grows first? Galaxy or BH?
Courtesy of M. Volonteri
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Giant BH, tiny dusty host galaxy for z=7.54 QSO
Tenneti+2018
BT predicts host for JWST observation:
qso
galaxy
Webb telescope
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Webb telescope
The environment of the first quasar in Bluetides
Synthetic JWST observation of the host galaxy
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Tenneti, TDM+18
Z = 7.54
MBH=7x108M¤
…. In BlueTides JWST FOV(~100”)
DARK MATTER
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Tiny host galaxy for the first giant quasar
Bluetides z=7.54 quasar host galaxy
M87: another host of billion solar mass black hole
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co-evolution of galaxies and BHs from high-z
BH ‘grows’ first
Courtesy of M. Volonteri
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co-evolution of galaxies and BHs from high-z
Courtesy of M. Volonteri
Bluetides makes contact with data: first galaxies and quasars