The Next Grand Challenge: Multi-disciplinary …...Max Craglia (1), Francis Bertrand (2), Stefano...
Transcript of The Next Grand Challenge: Multi-disciplinary …...Max Craglia (1), Francis Bertrand (2), Stefano...
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Max Craglia(1), Francis Bertrand(2), Stefano Nativi(3), Gerimantas Gaigalas(1), Gregoire Dubois(1), Juergen Vogt(1), Stefen Fritz(4) and Jay
Pearlman(5)
The Next Grand Challenge: Multi-disciplinary
Interoperability
(1) EC–JRC, Italy
(2) BRGM, France
(3) CNR, Italy
(4) IIASA, Austria
(5) IEEE, France
INSPIRE Conference, Edinburgh, 27 June-1 July 2011
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Introduction
One of the most fundamental challenges facing humanity at the beginning of the 21st
century is to respond effectively to the global changes that are increasing pressure on
the environment and on human society.
Over the next decade the global scientific community must take on the
challenge of delivering to society the knowledge and information necessary to
assess the risks humanity is facing from global change and to understand how
society can effectively mitigate dangerous changes and cope with the change
that we cannot manage. We refer to this field as ‘global sustainability research’
(ICSU, 2010)
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Sustainability Science Core Questions
� How can the dynamic interactions between nature and society be
better incorporated in emerging models and conceptualizations
that integrate the earth system, human development and
sustainability?
� How are long-term trends in environment and development,
including consumption and population, reshaping nature-society
interactions in ways relevant to sustainability?
� What determines vulnerability/resilience of nature-society
interactions for particular places and for particular types of
ecosystems and human livelihoods?
� What if we go to extremes?
Source: Sustainability Science Workshop, Friibergh, SE, 2000
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Global research – extending collaboration
• Research dominated by the natural sciences to
research involving the full range of sciences and
humanities.Natural
Sciences
Social
Sciences
Health
SciencesHumanities
Engineering
We need to move from disciplinary research to multidisciplinary research with
more involvement of the ultimate stakeholders.
• Social sciences have long been a component
of Earth system research, but tackling the
ICSU grand challenges requires a stronger
involvement and greater integration of the
social sciences, health sciences, engineering,
humanities, along with the natural sciences.
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Five ICSU Grand Challenges
2. OBSERVING
Develop, enhance and integrate the observation
systems needed to manage global and
regional environmental change
1. FORECASTING
Improve the usefulness of forecasts of environmental
conditions and their consequences for people
3. CONFINING
Determine how to anticipate, avoid and
manage disruptive global
environmental change
4. RESPONDING
Determine what institutional, economic
and behavioral changes can enable
effective steps toward global
sustainability
5. INNOVATING
Encourage innovation (coupled with sound
mechanisms for evaluation) in developing technological,
policy, and social responses
to achieve global sustainability
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Our Earth is a Unique Planet in the Solar System
Loss of
carbon
from Gilberto Camara (INPE): Lecture delivered at Vespucci Summer Institute 2010
Runaway
greenhouse
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Multi-disciplinarity – the challenges
Integration between different disciplines requires important
scientific trans-disciplinary efforts.
Syntactic interoperability is when two or more systems are capable of communicating and exchanging data, they are exhibiting
syntactic interoperability. Specified data formats, communication protocols and the like are fundamental.
Semantic interoperability is the ability to automatically interpret the information exchanged meaningfully and accurately in order
to produce useful results as defined by the end users of both systems.
Process
Human
Machine
•This includes different terminologies and ontologies adopted when
creating information, processing them, and implementing related
services.
•To make sense of these differences and bridge the gaps in
understanding, we need, as first steps, to enable syntactic and
semantic interoperability of both information and processes.
•Different communities have different theoretical approaches,
analytical practices, and multiple layers of tacit knowledge
developed through education and professional experience.
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Public participation
• Research and Development will often be most useful, and the results most
readily accepted by users, if priorities are shaped with the active
involvement of potential users of research results.
• An effective response to global environmental change will be aided by the
co-creation of new knowledge with a broad range of stakeholders through
participatory practices.
• Two key priorities:
– Communicating science more effectively to close the gap with citizens and policy
makers.
– Engaging the public in the scientific process such as helping monitoring the
environment, reporting observed and perceived changes and impacts for example via
social networks.
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GEOSS
• GEOSS promotes scientific connections and
interactions between the observation
systems that constitute the system of
systems, and addresses some of the
scientific challenges identified by ICSU.
• GEOSS also promotes the introduction of
innovative scientific techniques and
technologies in the component observing
systems.
• The Global Earth Observation System of
Systems (GEOSS) provides the
indispensable framework to coordinate the
earth observation efforts of the 86 GEO-
members and 61 participating
organisations.
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European contributions to GEOSS
• European Commission plays a very active role in developing GEOSS:
– Participating in and co-chairing GEOSS Committees and co-leading GEO Tasks.
– Implementing important initiatives to collect and share environmental information
for the benefit of the European and global society: INSPIRE Directive, the GMES
and SEIS initiatives.
– Funding R&D projects in FP6 and FP7 that develop the research base and provide
resources contributing to GEOSS.-
– Reaching out to developing countries to provide a broad knowledge base
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The EuroGEOSS Project
• The concept of multidisciplinary interoperability and the need for it in
managing societal issues is central to the addressing the challenges of
sustainability research identified by ICSU.
• With this in mind, the EuroGEOSS project was launched on May 1st 2009
for a three year period. The project addresses a specific call which is “The
European Environment Earth Observation system supporting INSPIRE
and compatible with GEOSS”.
• EuroGEOSS aims to demonstrate the added value to the scientific
community and society of making existing earth observing systems and
applications interoperable and used within the GEOSS and INSPIRE
frameworks.
• Thematic communities addressed:
Forest, Biodiversity, Drought.
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Three Interoperability Development Phases
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WeatherEcosys. Ocean
Apply to
F .
Two iterations: Initial Operating Capability and
Advanced Operating Capability
Requirements
GMES
INSPIRE
GEOSS
IOC
Forestry
Biodiv.
Drought
requirements
requirements
requirements
Inputs
NL
Multi-scale
Work-flowWeb 2.0
AOCextensions
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ENABLING SYNTACTIC INTEROPERABILITY:
THE EUROGEOSS BROKER
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ServicesDataCatalogsRegistries
Data
(Transactional)Data
Data
THREDDS/
OPeNDAP
EuroGEOSS
IOC
GEO Portals
GEO
Clearinghouse
Catalogs
GEO Registries
GCI
Web 2.0
Resources
EuroGEOSS Brokering Platform (GeoRSS support)
BROKER
Semantic-enabled functionalities
MD Editor
INSPIRE
PortalsCommunities
PortalsWeb 2.0
clients
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EuroGEOSS Brokering Platform
EuroGEOSS: Distribution &
Mediation Platform
OWS
Accessors
CS-W AP
Accessors
GBIF Accessor
THREDDS/O
PeNDAP
Accessor
CS-W(T)/
ISO AP
CS-W/
OpenSearch
OpenSearch
Accessor
Common
Data Model
ISO 19115
Core profile
… .
Distributor
Asynchronous
messaging
CDI
Accessor
… .CS-W/
ebRIM-CIM AP+Extensions(e
b-RIM/CIM
/EO)
Accessor
CS-W/
ebRIM-EO AP
Profiler
Extended
InterfaceRIM-EO
Local Repository
RIM-CIM
Local Repository
ISO
Local Repository
Caching
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ENABLING SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY:
SEMANTIC AUGMENTATION COMPONENTS
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Semantic Augmentation Component
• A text-based query is applied for deriving terms containing the search
keyword in labels, definitions, and descriptions.
• The set of terms matching the keyword is extended with terms
narrower/broader/related to them.
skos:prefLabel
skos:narrower
skos:narrower
skos:prefLabel
gemet:14937
gemet:14936
gemet:6033
“Географска дължина”@bg
"longitude"@en
“latitude"@en
skos:prefLabel
skos:prefLabel
skos:prefLabel
skos:prefLabel“co-ordinate system"@en
"Параметър"@bg
“parameter"@en
skos:narrower
skos:prefLabel
gemet:14935
"Координатна система"@bg skos:prefLabel"Географска ширина"@bg
inspire:1
skos:closeMatch
skos:prefLabel
“Coordinate reference systems"@en
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Semantic enhanced functionalities
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SKOS/RDF
Semantic Augmentation Component
Semantic
Augmentation
ComponentOpenSearch
Extended
Interface
(semantic)
Thesaurus A
Gazetteer
Adapter
Adapter
(Mediator)
Adapter
Discovery BrokerCSW/ISO
Thesaurus B
.. .
?? ???
?
?
?
Client
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INTEROPERABILITY OF
PROCESSES
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•Semantic annotations and ontologies integration allow a shared
understanding among multiple disciplines of key concepts, and available
resources.
•Beyond Search and Access, we need also to develop a shared
understanding of what do you do with the data? How do you frame a
problem and possible solution according to different disciplinary
approaches.
•This quest requires to describe not just concepts but also processes or
workflows, leading, eventually, to new executable web services that are
understood across disciplines.
Rationale
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• Executable workflows and models can then be integrated by the
EuroGEOSS broker that can interface with the existing web services,
whatever the interoperability standards used.
• The quality of the composition of different workflows is also assesses.
The project defines also a set of minimum necessary metadata needed
to provide quality information at workflow level. Quality metadata and
measures are fundamental when using/testing different sources and of
changing the scale or adapting the model with various scales.
Executing workflows
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EXTENDING INTEROPERABILITY
TO SOCIAL NETWORKS
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Web 2.0 resources support
Discovery
Broker
CSW/ISO
Adaptor
Geonames
Flickr
OpenStreet
Map
Wikipedia
Adaptor
Adaptor
Adaptor
Adaptor
Geocommons
OpenSearch(-geo) interface
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EuroGEOSS is alsoF
• Natural Language Processing discover and query interface.
• Cost-benefit analysis for the development of a European and Global
Spatial Data Infrastructure.
• Extending the EuroGeoss multidisciplinary approach to:
– Terrestrial, Athmospheric and Marine enviroments
(May 2011).
– Weather, Ocean and Water domains
(September 2011).
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For more informationF
The EuroGEOSS Project and
Broker (www.eurogeoss.eu)
Semantic augmentation component for Drought
and e-Habitat pilots in GEOSS Architecture Implementation Pilots-3:http://www.ogcnetwork.net/pub/ogcnetwork/GEOSS/AIP3/pages/Demo.html
DEMOS:
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Thank you
for your attention