The new Webkit is AWESOME

Cesare Rocchi

@_funkyboy

TOC

• History

• What’s new

• Demo

Who am I?

UX designer and developer

studiomagnolia.com

baasbox.com

upbeat.it

@_funkyboy

Who are you?

History

The full Safari engine is inside of iPhone. And so, you can write amazing Web 2.0 and Ajax apps that look exactly and behave exactly like apps on the iPhone.

SJ, 2007

“

”

History

• No plugins

• Flash

• Applets

Adobe, don’t you even think about it!

History

• Nitro was introduced in iOS 4.3

• Uses JIT

• Transform JS into native code Needs to mark memory w+x

• Security issues

var temp = {}; temp[10123] = "yow";

Progress

iOS 3.2 -> iOS4

https://developer.apple.com/LIBRARY/ios/releasenotes/General/iPhone40APIDiffs/index.html

Added UIWebView.allowsInlineMediaPlayback Added UIWebView.mediaPlaybackRequiresUserAction

iOS 4.3 -> iOS5

https://developer.apple.com/LIBRARY/ios/releasenotes/General/iOS50APIDiff/index.html

Added UIWebView.mediaPlaybackAllowsAirPlay Added UIWebView.scrollView

iOS 5.1 -> iOS6

https://developer.apple.com/LIBRARY/ios/releasenotes/General/iOS60APIDiffs/index.html

Added UIWebView.keyboardDisplayRequiresUserAction!Added UIWebView.suppressesIncrementalRendering

iOS 6.1 -> iOS7

https://developer.apple.com/library/IOS/releasenotes/General/iOS70APIDiffs/index.html

Added UIWebView.gapBetweenPages Added UIWebView.pageCount Added UIWebView.pageLength Added UIWebView.paginationBreakingMode Added UIWebView.paginationMode Added UIWebPaginationBreakingMode Added UIWebPaginationBreakingModeColumn Added UIWebPaginationBreakingModePage Added UIWebPaginationMode Added UIWebPaginationModeBottomToTop Added UIWebPaginationModeLeftToRight Added UIWebPaginationModeRightToLeft Added UIWebPaginationModeTopToBottom Added UIWebPaginationModeUnpaginated

iOS 6.1 -> iOS7

https://developer.apple.com/library/IOS/releasenotes/General/iOS70APIDiffs/index.html

Added #def JSC_OBJC_API_ENABLED Added JSCheckScriptSyntax() Added JSClassRef Added JSContextGroupRef Added JSContextRef Added JSEvaluateScript() Added JSGarbageCollect() Added JSGlobalContextRef Added JSObjectRef Added JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef Added JSPropertyNameArrayRef Added JSStringRef Added JSValueRef Added #def WTF_EXPORT_PRIVATE Added #def WTF_PLATFORM_IOS Added JSContext Added -[JSContext JSGlobalContextRef] Added +[JSContext contextWithJSGlobalContextRef:] Added +[JSContext currentArguments] Added +[JSContext currentContext] Added +[JSContext currentThis] Added -[JSContext evaluateScript:] Added JSContext.exception Added JSContext.exceptionHandler Added -[JSContext globalObject] Added -[JSContext init] Added -[JSContext initWithVirtualMachine:] Added -[JSContext objectForKeyedSubscript:] Added -[JSContext setObject:forKeyedSubscript:] Added JSContext.virtualMachine Added JSContext(JSContextRefSupport) Added JSContext(SubscriptSupport) Added #def JSContext_h Added JSContextGetGlobalObject() Added JSContextGetGroup() Added JSContextGroupCreate() Added JSContextGroupRelease() Added JSContextGroupRetain() Added JSGlobalContextCreate() Added JSGlobalContextCreateInGroup() Added JSGlobalContextRelease() Added JSGlobalContextRetain() Added JSExport Added #def JSExportAs Added JSManagedValue Added -[JSManagedValue initWithValue:] Added +[JSManagedValue managedValueWithValue:] Added -[JSManagedValue value] Added #def JSManagedValue_h Added JSClassAttributes Added JSClassCreate() Added JSClassDefinition Added JSClassRelease() Added JSClassRetain() Added JSObjectCallAsConstructor() Added JSObjectCallAsConstructorCallback Added JSObjectCallAsFunction() Added JSObjectCallAsFunctionCallback Added JSObjectConvertToTypeCallback Added JSObjectCopyPropertyNames() Added JSObjectDeleteProperty() Added JSObjectDeletePropertyCallback Added JSObjectFinalizeCallback Added JSObjectGetPrivate() Added JSObjectGetProperty() Added JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex() Added JSObjectGetPropertyCallback Added JSObjectGetPropertyNamesCallback Added JSObjectGetPrototype() Added JSObjectHasInstanceCallback Added JSObjectHasProperty() Added JSObjectHasPropertyCallback Added JSObjectInitializeCallback Added JSObjectIsConstructor() Added JSObjectIsFunction() Added JSObjectMake() Added JSObjectMakeArray() Added JSObjectMakeConstructor() Added JSObjectMakeDate() Added JSObjectMakeError() Added JSObjectMakeFunction() Added JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback() Added JSObjectMakeRegExp() Added JSObjectSetPrivate() Added JSObjectSetProperty() Added JSObjectSetPropertyAtIndex() Added JSObjectSetPropertyCallback Added JSObjectSetPrototype() Added JSPropertyAttributes Added JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName() Added JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount() Added JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex() Added JSPropertyNameArrayRelease() Added JSPropertyNameArrayRetain() Added JSStaticFunction Added JSStaticValue Added kJSClassAttributeNoAutomaticPrototype Added kJSClassAttributeNone Added kJSClassDefinitionEmpty Added kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete Added kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum Added kJSPropertyAttributeNone Added kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly Added JSChar Added JSStringCreateWithCharacters() Added JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString() Added JSStringGetCharactersPtr() Added JSStringGetLength() Added JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize() Added JSStringGetUTF8CString() Added JSStringIsEqual() Added JSStringIsEqualToUTF8CString() Added JSStringRelease() Added JSStringRetain() Added JSStringCopyCFString() Added JSStringCreateWithCFString() Added JSValue Added -[JSValue JSValueRef] Added -[JSValue callWithArguments:] Added -[JSValue constructWithArguments:] Added JSValue.context Added -[JSValue defineProperty:descriptor:] Added -[JSValue deleteProperty:] Added -[JSValue hasProperty:] Added -[JSValue invokeMethod:withArguments:] Added -[JSValue isBoolean] Added -[JSValue isEqualToObject:] Added -[JSValue isEqualWithTypeCoercionToObject:] Added -[JSValue isInstanceOf:] Added -[JSValue isNull] Added -[JSValue isNumber] Added -[JSValue isObject] Added -[JSValue isString] Added -[JSValue isUndefined] Added -[JSValue objectAtIndexedSubscript:] Added -[JSValue objectForKeyedSubscript:] Added -[JSValue setObject:atIndexedSubscript:] Added -[JSValue setObject:forKeyedSubscript:] Added -[JSValue setValue:atIndex:] Added -[JSValue setValue:forProperty:] Added -[JSValue toArray] Added -[JSValue toBool] Added -[JSValue toDate] Added -[JSValue toDictionary] Added -[JSValue toDouble] Added -[JSValue toInt32] Added -[JSValue toNumber] Added -[JSValue toObject] Added -[JSValue toObjectOfClass:] Added -[JSValue toPoint] Added -[JSValue toRange] Added -[JSValue toRect] Added -[JSValue toSize] Added -[JSValue toString] Added -[JSValue toUInt32] Added -[JSValue valueAtIndex:] Added -[JSValue valueForProperty:] Added +[JSValue valueWithBool:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithDouble:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithInt32:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithJSValueRef:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithNewArrayInContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithNewErrorFromMessage:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithNewObjectInContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithNewRegularExpressionFromPattern:flags:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithNullInContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithObject:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithPoint:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithRange:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithRect:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithSize:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithUInt32:inContext:] Added +[JSValue valueWithUndefinedInContext:] Added JSPropertyDescriptorConfigurableKey Added JSPropertyDescriptorEnumerableKey Added JSPropertyDescriptorGetKey Added JSPropertyDescriptorSetKey Added JSPropertyDescriptorValueKey Added JSPropertyDescriptorWritableKey Added JSValue(JSValueRefSupport) Added JSValue(StructSupport) Added JSValue(SubscriptSupport) Added #def JSValue_h Added JSType Added JSValueCreateJSONString() Added JSValueGetType() Added JSValueIsBoolean() Added JSValueIsEqual() Added JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor() Added JSValueIsNull() Added JSValueIsNumber() Added JSValueIsObject() Added JSValueIsObjectOfClass() Added JSValueIsStrictEqual() Added JSValueIsString() Added JSValueIsUndefined() Added JSValueMakeBoolean() Added JSValueMakeFromJSONString() Added JSValueMakeNull() Added JSValueMakeNumber() Added JSValueMakeString() Added JSValueMakeUndefined() Added JSValueProtect() Added JSValueToBoolean() Added JSValueToNumber() Added JSValueToObject() Added JSValueToStringCopy() Added JSValueUnprotect() Added kJSTypeBoolean Added kJSTypeNull Added kJSTypeNumber Added kJSTypeObject Added kJSTypeString Added kJSTypeUndefined Added JSVirtualMachine Added -[JSVirtualMachine addManagedReference:withOwner:] Added -[JSVirtualMachine init] Added -[JSVirtualMachine removeManagedReference:withOwner:] Added #def AVAILABLE_AFTER_WEBKIT_VERSION_5_1 Added #def AVAILABLE_WEBKIT_VERSION_1_3_AND_LATER_BUT_DEPRECATED_AFTER_WEBKIT_VERSION_5_1 Added #def WEBKIT_OBJC_METHOD_ANNOTATION Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_1_0 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_1_1 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_1_2 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_1_3 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_2_0 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_3_0 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_3_1 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_4_0 Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_LATEST Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED Added #def WEBKIT_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED

232 APIs}

iOS7 -> iOS8

https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/releasenotes/General/iOS80APIDiffs/frameworks/WebKit.html

1 Class 1 Protocol

UIWebView UIWebViewDelegate

14 Classes 3 Protocols

WKWebView WKFrameInfo WKBackForwardList WKBackForwardListItem WKNavigation WKNavigationAction WKNavigationResponse WKPreferences WKProcessPool WKUserContentController WKWebViewConfiguration WKWindowFeatures WKScriptMessage WKUserScript !

WKNavigationDelegate WKScriptMessageHandler WKUIDelegate

XPC

• Greatly improved in iOS8

• Third party keyboards

• Sharing extensions

XPC

find /Applications -name \*.xpc | grep Web | wc -l

XPC

• Split app in multiple processes

• E.g. Sourcekit • http://www.jpsim.com/uncovering-sourcekit/

r167958

Optimizing JS

Fun with JS

jsc

sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/

JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/jsc

/bin/jsc

JS bytecode

LLInt JIT DFG

optimization

function sum(a, b) { return a + b; !

}

LLInt JIT DFG

optimization

function sum(a, b) { return a + b; }

LLInt

JIT

DFG

LLVM

LLVM

• Infrastructure

• Meant to optimize *time

• Started by Mr. Swift

LLInt

JIT

DFG

LLInt

JIT

DFG

FTL

What’s new

Observable values

Observable values

• loading

• title

• URL

• estimatedProgress

Observable values

webView.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loading", options: .New, context: nil)

Observable valuesoverride func observeValueForKeyPath(...) { switch keyPath { case "loading": println("\(webView.loading)") case "estimatedProgress": println("\(webView.estimatedProgress)") … !

} }

Injecting

Action

Request

Response

Rendering

Action

Request

Response

Rendering

Action

Request

Action

Request

webView:decidePolicyForNavigationAction:decisionHandler

Response

Rendering

Response

Rendering

webView:decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:decisionHandler:

func webView(webView: WKWebView!, decidePolicyForNavigationAction navigationAction: WKNavigationAction!, decisionHandler: ((WKNavigationActionPolicy) -> Void)!) { !

if (navigationAction.navigationType == .LinkActivated && navigationAction.request.URL.host?. lowercaseString.hasPrefix("yowconference.com.au/") != nil) { !

// Open Safari UIApplication.sharedApplication().openURL(navigationAction.request.URL); decisionHandler(.Cancel) !

} else { !

decisionHandler(.Allow) !

} !

}

Native code HTML PageJS

Data

Data is serialized into native objects!

Injecting

1. Create configuration

2. Wrap JS script in a WKUserScript

3. Add script to configuration controller

4. Set up handler

5. Use configuration to build a Web view

let speakersWebViewConfiguration = WKWebViewConfiguration()

let scriptURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("fetchSpeakers", ofType: “js") !

let jsScript = String.stringWithContentsOfFile(scriptURL!, encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding, error: nil) !

let fetchAuthorsScript = WKUserScript(source: jsScript, injectionTime: .AtDocumentEnd, forMainFrameOnly: true)

speakersWebViewConfiguration. userContentController. addUserScript(fetchAuthorsScript)

speakersWebViewConfiguration. userContentController. addScriptMessageHandler(self, name: MESSAGE_HANDLER)

speakersWebView = WKWebView(frame: CGRectZero, configuration: speakersWebViewConfiguration)

speakersWebView!.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "loading", options: .New, context: nil) !

speakersWebView!.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "estimatedProgress", options: .New, context: nil)

let speakersRequest = NSURLRequest(URL:speakersURL) speakersWebView!.loadRequest(speakersRequest)

Demo

https://github.com/funkyboy/YowSpeakers

Caution

https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/

https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/

https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/

https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/

Building a native app is like building a custom browser

Building a native app is like building a custom browser

Me, now

Summing up

Links

• https://www.webkit.org/blog/3362/introducing-the-webkit-ftl-jit/

• http://trac.webkit.org/changeset/167958

• https://github.com/funkyboy/YowSpeakers

• WWDC Video #206

Contact

• cesare@studiomagnolia.com

• @_funkyboy