The New NationThe New Nation

The First CabinetThe First Cabinet

The Cabinet is the name given to The Cabinet is the name given to describe the various people that advise describe the various people that advise the president on domestic and foreign the president on domestic and foreign issuesissues

Secretary of State: Secretary of State: Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury: Secretary of Treasury: Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton Secretary of War: Secretary of War: Henry KnoxHenry Knox Justice Department: Justice Department: Edmund RandolphEdmund Randolph

No One Said It Would Be EasyNo One Said It Would Be Easy The federal government’s inability to subdue the The federal government’s inability to subdue the

Indians in the west, inability to remove British Indians in the west, inability to remove British from forts and interference in the fur trade, and from forts and interference in the fur trade, and failure to gain from Spain the right to use New failure to gain from Spain the right to use New Orleans as a trading depot led to great protestsOrleans as a trading depot led to great protests

Spain and Britain were giving bribes to get Americans Spain and Britain were giving bribes to get Americans to defect to Canada or Floridato defect to Canada or Florida

Britain blockaded France and stopped trade with Britain blockaded France and stopped trade with French West Indies- confiscated cargoes of more than French West Indies- confiscated cargoes of more than 250 ships250 ships

WHISKEY REBELLION: 1794WHISKEY REBELLION: 1794 New tax on whiskey caused uprising in New tax on whiskey caused uprising in

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Came at a time when Washington felt the Came at a time when Washington felt the

nation was under siege by Indian attacks, nation was under siege by Indian attacks, international intrigue, and domestic insurrectioninternational intrigue, and domestic insurrection

Washington demonstrated strength of Washington demonstrated strength of National Government by sending in 13,000 National Government by sending in 13,000 troops to occupy western PAtroops to occupy western PA

President over reacted, but this President over reacted, but this demonstrated the federal commitment to the demonstrated the federal commitment to the preservation of the Unionpreservation of the Union

IndiansIndians Washington appointed General Anthony Wayne Washington appointed General Anthony Wayne

(“Mad” Anthony Wayne) for wars against Natives(“Mad” Anthony Wayne) for wars against Natives Battle of Fallen Timbers- 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers- 1794 (in Ohio- Old Northwest (in Ohio- Old Northwest

Territory)- Wayne crushed the Natives Territory)- Wayne crushed the Natives Treaty of Greenville- 1795: Representatives of 12 Treaty of Greenville- 1795: Representatives of 12

Indian nations ceded a huge territory Indian nations ceded a huge territory encompassing most of present day Ohio, much of encompassing most of present day Ohio, much of Indiana, and other enclaves in the Northwest, Indiana, and other enclaves in the Northwest, including the town of Detroit and the tiny village of including the town of Detroit and the tiny village of ChicagoChicago

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty

Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to London to talk with the BritsLondon to talk with the Brits

Jay’s Treaty: Britain agreed to withdraw Jay’s Treaty: Britain agreed to withdraw from American soil by 1796, America was from American soil by 1796, America was granted limited trade with the British granted limited trade with the British East and West Indies, and both were East and West Indies, and both were given “most-favored-nation” status in given “most-favored-nation” status in terms of tradingterms of trading

Can’t Make Everybody HappyCan’t Make Everybody Happy Details of Jay’s Treaty was met with disdainDetails of Jay’s Treaty was met with disdain Hamilton (Sec. of Treas.) liked it because of the Hamilton (Sec. of Treas.) liked it because of the

neutrality of Americaneutrality of America Jeffersonians were angered Jeffersonians were angered because it felt the US because it felt the US

gave too much to Britain at France’s expensegave too much to Britain at France’s expense that fled that fled No mention of compensation for slaves No mention of compensation for slaves and and

fought for the British during Revolution fought for the British during Revolution angered angered SouthernersSoutherners

Passed in Senate- House tried to block- Passed in Senate- House tried to block- finally passed finally passed because of Pinckney’s Treatybecause of Pinckney’s Treaty

Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty Spain was in war with FranceSpain was in war with France and had suffered a mighty and had suffered a mighty

defeatdefeat Spain agreed to a boundary at the 31Spain agreed to a boundary at the 31stst parallel and this parallel and this

opened the Mississippi River to American shipping opened the Mississippi River to American shipping Jeffersoniana liked it because of concept of empireJeffersoniana liked it because of concept of empire Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaties- finally Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaties- finally

established American sovereignty over the land west established American sovereignty over the land west of the Appalachians and opened to American of the Appalachians and opened to American commerce a vast market from Atlantic ports to the commerce a vast market from Atlantic ports to the Mississippi ValleyMississippi Valley

Parting is Such Sweet SorrowParting is Such Sweet Sorrow Elected by unanimous vote- only one to ever Elected by unanimous vote- only one to ever

get elected unanimouslyget elected unanimously WASHINGTON FAREWELL ADDRESS: WASHINGTON FAREWELL ADDRESS:

1.) Set precedent by stepping down after 2 1.) Set precedent by stepping down after 2 terms (8 years)terms (8 years)

2.) Warned against political parties2.) Warned against political parties

3.) Warned not to be involved in other nation’s 3.) Warned not to be involved in other nation’s activitiesactivities

WASHINGTON SERVED: 1789-1797WASHINGTON SERVED: 1789-1797

ALEXANDER HAMILTON ALEXANDER HAMILTON ECONOMIC PLANSECONOMIC PLANS

Wanted to take on Wanted to take on debts of statesdebts of states: Southern States : Southern States disagreed- Compromised by locating national capital disagreed- Compromised by locating national capital in South in South

Jefferson disagreed with plan because he believed in Jefferson disagreed with plan because he believed in Strict Construction Strict Construction ((STRICT CONSTRUCTION: STRICT CONSTRUCTION: Believed Believed that must be given permission in order to do something)that must be given permission in order to do something)

Hamilton was for Hamilton was for Loose ConstructionLoose Construction (Believed could do (Believed could do anything unless told not to)anything unless told not to)

ESTABLISHED THE ESTABLISHED THE FIRST BANK OF AMERICAFIRST BANK OF AMERICA

Political Parties- See Page 256Political Parties- See Page 256 By the election of 1796, the nation had divided in factions.By the election of 1796, the nation had divided in factions. Those that supported Those that supported Alexander Hamilton, the Sec. of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, the Sec. of Treasury,

were known as FEDERALISTS- Wanted to share power between were known as FEDERALISTS- Wanted to share power between national and state governments and supported financial and national and state governments and supported financial and commercial groupscommercial groups

Those that lined up behind Thomas Jefferson were known as Those that lined up behind Thomas Jefferson were known as REPUBLICANS- opposed financial policies of the Federalists, REPUBLICANS- opposed financial policies of the Federalists, limited national power and favor farmer interests over commercial limited national power and favor farmer interests over commercial and financial.and financial.

Election of 1796- Political Division was strongest in Middle States Election of 1796- Political Division was strongest in Middle States and weaker in New England and Southand weaker in New England and South

Due to the fact the President and the Vice President were elected Due to the fact the President and the Vice President were elected separately of one another- John Adams (Federalist) was President separately of one another- John Adams (Federalist) was President while Thomas Jefferson (Republican) was VPwhile Thomas Jefferson (Republican) was VP

PRESIDENCY OF JOHN ADAMS: 1797-PRESIDENCY OF JOHN ADAMS: 1797-18011801

THE XYZ AFFAIRTHE XYZ AFFAIR1.) Angered by the Jay’s Treaty, the French suspended diplomatic talks w/ 1.) Angered by the Jay’s Treaty, the French suspended diplomatic talks w/

USUS

2.) Started policy of seizing American ships- over 300 ships and $20 million 2.) Started policy of seizing American ships- over 300 ships and $20 million worth in 2 yrs.worth in 2 yrs.

3.) French demanded bribe ($250,000 and 10 million loan) from Americans 3.) French demanded bribe ($250,000 and 10 million loan) from Americans to talkto talk

4.) The Jeffersonian Republicans were suspicious that this really went on so 4.) The Jeffersonian Republicans were suspicious that this really went on so wanted to see the letters- Adams gave it to them but only after replacing wanted to see the letters- Adams gave it to them but only after replacing the names of the French with the letters XYZ. Anti-French backlash hurt the names of the French with the letters XYZ. Anti-French backlash hurt Jefferson, but helped AdamsJefferson, but helped Adams

5.) Led to the 5.) Led to the Quasi-War (Undeclared war) w/ France- Fought entirely at Quasi-War (Undeclared war) w/ France- Fought entirely at sea (Although an army was raised and George Washington was sea (Although an army was raised and George Washington was given a command)given a command)

Oops!!: Oops!!: ALIEN AND SEDITION ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTSACTS

In the war like atmosphere, Adams signed 4 acts that In the war like atmosphere, Adams signed 4 acts that limited immigration and freedoms of speech and presslimited immigration and freedoms of speech and press

Naturalization ActNaturalization Act- Had to live 14 yrs in US before - Had to live 14 yrs in US before citizen as oppose to 5 yrs.citizen as oppose to 5 yrs.

Alien Act and Alien Enemies Act- Alien Act and Alien Enemies Act- Allowed President to Allowed President to deport aliens during wardeport aliens during war

Sedition Act-Sedition Act- Provided heavy fines and imprisonment Provided heavy fines and imprisonment for anyone convicted of writing, or publishing or speaking for anyone convicted of writing, or publishing or speaking anything of a “false, scandalous and malicious” nature anything of a “false, scandalous and malicious” nature against governmentagainst government

Kentucky and Virginia ResolutionsKentucky and Virginia Resolutions Anonymously written by Anonymously written by James Madison James Madison and and

Thomas Jefferson- Thomas Jefferson- these resolutions stated these resolutions stated that the Constitution was nothing more than a that the Constitution was nothing more than a compact between sovereign states and that compact between sovereign states and that the states had the right to the states had the right to “nullify” “nullify” unconstitutional laws.unconstitutional laws.

These were major because the idea of state These were major because the idea of state secession is planted with the “approval” of secession is planted with the “approval” of two of the Founding Fathers- and will be used two of the Founding Fathers- and will be used by the South for the Civil Warby the South for the Civil War

The Dude Just Can’t WinThe Dude Just Can’t Win

When French officials approach Adams with When French officials approach Adams with “peace” talks he took them up on their offer- “peace” talks he took them up on their offer- which which angered Hamilton and his follows angered Hamilton and his follows and split the party and split the party

The party split was poor timing because it The party split was poor timing because it allowed the Jeffersonian Republicans a allowed the Jeffersonian Republicans a chance to win the states governments of PA chance to win the states governments of PA and NY- first in roads to the northand NY- first in roads to the north

Jefferson is able to win election of 1800Jefferson is able to win election of 1800

John MarshallJohn Marshall

Replaced John Jay (1Replaced John Jay (1stst Chief Justice) as the Chief Justice) as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and appointed by John Adamsappointed by John Adams

Helped to strengthen the Federal Helped to strengthen the Federal judiciary and really made it an equal to judiciary and really made it an equal to the other branches of governmentthe other branches of government

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

MARBURY v. MADISONMARBURY v. MADISON- - Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed Congress to fill in allowed Congress to fill in the gaps and to decide how the Judicial Branch the gaps and to decide how the Judicial Branch would be developedwould be developed

a.) Pres. Adams named Marbury as justice of peace a.) Pres. Adams named Marbury as justice of peace of D.C. but his Sec. of State failed to deliver the of D.C. but his Sec. of State failed to deliver the papers on timepapers on timeb.) President Jefferson comes in and refused to b.) President Jefferson comes in and refused to honor- James Madison (Sec. of State) refused to honor- James Madison (Sec. of State) refused to deliver papersdeliver papers

Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

c.) Marbury sued wanting Supreme Court to force c.) Marbury sued wanting Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver papers as allowed under Madison to deliver papers as allowed under previous law previous law (Judiciary Act of 1789)(Judiciary Act of 1789) and he and he couldn’t take over Justice of the Peace until this couldn’t take over Justice of the Peace until this was deliveredwas delivered

d.) Supreme Court ruled against Marbury, stating d.) Supreme Court ruled against Marbury, stating that the law he was appointed under was that the law he was appointed under was unconstitutional and unconstitutional and

BAM…JUDICIAL REVIEW!!BAM…JUDICIAL REVIEW!!

Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809

Author of the Declaration of Author of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Author of the VA Act Establishing Author of the VA Act Establishing Religious FreedomsReligious Freedoms

Co-Author (w/ Madison) of the Kentucky Co-Author (w/ Madison) of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutionsand Virginia Resolutions

Republican- Pg. 256Republican- Pg. 256

JeffersonJefferson

Alien and Sedition Acts were repelledAlien and Sedition Acts were repelled The Jeffersonian Republicans presented The Jeffersonian Republicans presented

themselves as the party of agrarian purity, themselves as the party of agrarian purity, of liberty, and states’ rights, “of of liberty, and states’ rights, “of government rigorously frugal and simple”.government rigorously frugal and simple”.

Jefferson was for STRICT Jefferson was for STRICT CONSTRUCTION- You only do what you’re CONSTRUCTION- You only do what you’re told to dotold to do

JeffersonJefferson

Jefferson’s inauguration marked the first Jefferson’s inauguration marked the first peaceful exchange from one political party, peaceful exchange from one political party, the Federalists, to an arch rival party- the Federalists, to an arch rival party- RepublicansRepublicans

Felt that America’s greatest strength was Felt that America’s greatest strength was room to grow and felt a nation of small room to grow and felt a nation of small farmers was bestfarmers was best

Britain vs. FranceBritain vs. France

Once Napoleon Bonaparte came to power, a Once Napoleon Bonaparte came to power, a state of perpetual war existed between Britain state of perpetual war existed between Britain and Franceand France

Napoleon hoped to open a front of this war in Napoleon hoped to open a front of this war in North America- starting with HaitiNorth America- starting with Haiti

France had regained control of the Louisiana France had regained control of the Louisiana Territory from the SpanishTerritory from the Spanish

In 1802, Spanish commander at New Orleans In 1802, Spanish commander at New Orleans closed the port to Americansclosed the port to Americans

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Jefferson sent Robert Livingston, the American Jefferson sent Robert Livingston, the American

ambassador to France, to attempt to buy New Orleans ambassador to France, to attempt to buy New Orleans and surrounding area for $2 million (or up to $10 and surrounding area for $2 million (or up to $10 million)million)

Due to Napoleon’s troops forced removal from Haiti Due to Napoleon’s troops forced removal from Haiti (and thus a lost American empire) he was now ready to (and thus a lost American empire) he was now ready to sell all of Louisiana for $15 millionsell all of Louisiana for $15 million

Not having time to confer with Jefferson (he won’t find Not having time to confer with Jefferson (he won’t find out for 3 months), James Monroe and Ambassador out for 3 months), James Monroe and Ambassador Livingston took the deal- Livingston took the deal- Doubling the U.S. and was Doubling the U.S. and was largest peace time acquisition of land in US historylargest peace time acquisition of land in US history

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase-- Jefferson abandons strict view- Catches political heatJefferson abandons strict view- Catches political heat

- Bought 800,000 sq. miles from - Bought 800,000 sq. miles from

France- Doubling AmericaFrance- Doubling America

- Will expand slavery: - Will expand slavery: By 1850, 4 of 6 states that entered will be slaveBy 1850, 4 of 6 states that entered will be slave

- - 43,000 people lived there- Only 6,000 American43,000 people lived there- Only 6,000 American

a.) 8,000 ppl in NO- 50% white and 50% a.) 8,000 ppl in NO- 50% white and 50%

black: 2/3rds were slave, Other were “free black: 2/3rds were slave, Other were “free

people of color” and had certain rights people of color” and had certain rights

under French lawsunder French laws

b.) Large French population & Cajuns (Exiles from b.) Large French population & Cajuns (Exiles from

Acadia- Canada)Acadia- Canada)

c.) c.) Louisiana will follow French civil law more often Louisiana will follow French civil law more often

than British common lawthan British common law

LEWIS AND CLARKLEWIS AND CLARK

- - Corps of Discovery- Corps of Discovery- Name given Name given to Lewis and Clark’s expedition to to Lewis and Clark’s expedition to explore the new landexplore the new land

LEWISLEWIS- Private secretary to - Private secretary to JeffersonJefferson

CLARKCLARK- Military experience- Military experience Map and fact finding trip: Took 2 Map and fact finding trip: Took 2

years and 4 monthsyears and 4 months SacagaweaSacagawea- Help to translate and - Help to translate and

saved them- had babysaved them- had baby Clark’s slave Clark’s slave YORKYORK & Sacagawea & Sacagawea

first known black and women to vote first known black and women to vote west of Mississippiwest of Mississippi

Jefferson: Embargo Act Jefferson: Embargo Act Wanted to assert American’s rights to neutral trading with Wanted to assert American’s rights to neutral trading with

all European nationsall European nations Tried diplomatic avenues first and then threats (but Tried diplomatic avenues first and then threats (but

weren’t taken seriously)weren’t taken seriously) 1806: Congress passes Non-Importation Act- Boycott of 1806: Congress passes Non-Importation Act- Boycott of

British goods- hoped to be successful like in Revolution- British goods- hoped to be successful like in Revolution- wasn’twasn’t

1807: Embargo Act- Forbid any American ship from 1807: Embargo Act- Forbid any American ship from sailing to any foreign port thus depriving Europe of sailing to any foreign port thus depriving Europe of American raw materials in the hopes they would realize American raw materials in the hopes they would realize what was missingwhat was missing

Epic FailEpic Fail Embargo Act: Embargo Act: Caused a major economic depression, Caused a major economic depression,

Smuggling greatly increased and the Navy, which Smuggling greatly increased and the Navy, which Jefferson had cut from 25 ships to 7 as part of his Jefferson had cut from 25 ships to 7 as part of his smaller government, could not handlesmaller government, could not handle

The French used the Embargo Act to confiscate The French used the Embargo Act to confiscate American ships claiming they were British ships in American ships claiming they were British ships in disguisedisguise

The British, with no American competition, were The British, with no American competition, were able to open new markets for their goods in South able to open new markets for their goods in South AmericaAmerica

SLAVE TRADESLAVE TRADE

Constitution prohibited Congress from Constitution prohibited Congress from outlawing the slave trade before 1808.outlawing the slave trade before 1808.

Congress ends slave trade with AfricaCongress ends slave trade with Africa The hope was that slavery would die The hope was that slavery would die

out since no new slaves coming in?out since no new slaves coming in? This did not work- why?This did not work- why?

Native American BattlesNative American Battles

Indian resistance kept mounting as more and Indian resistance kept mounting as more and more settlers moved into the western territory more settlers moved into the western territory (Old Northwest)(Old Northwest)

Despite the fact that the Despite the fact that the Intercourse Act of Intercourse Act of 1790 said the US could not out right take 1790 said the US could not out right take Indian land, settlers were moving ahead of Indian land, settlers were moving ahead of treaty linestreaty lines

Jefferson wanted to assimilate them- Jefferson wanted to assimilate them- Christianize them and teach them to readChristianize them and teach them to read

Native American BattlesNative American Battles Many tribes became split between those that wanted to Many tribes became split between those that wanted to accommodate to the whites, and those that wanted to remain accommodate to the whites, and those that wanted to remain traditionaliststraditionalists

In the Northwest Territory, In the Northwest Territory, the the ProphetProphet, Tecumseh’s , Tecumseh’s brother, preached a return to traditional Indian lifestylebrother, preached a return to traditional Indian lifestyle

A group of A group of Shawnee Native Americans, under the Shawnee Native Americans, under the leadership of leadership of TecumsehTecumseh, , initially attempted to move initially attempted to move further west after Mad Anthony Wayne’s victory at Fallen further west after Mad Anthony Wayne’s victory at Fallen Timbers, but as more & more encroachment occurred Timbers, but as more & more encroachment occurred they choose to use armed resistance to repel the they choose to use armed resistance to repel the invadersinvaders

Native American Battles: Pre-Native American Battles: Pre-Cursor to War of 1812Cursor to War of 1812

Tippecanoe Tippecanoe Tecumseh used his brother’s message Tecumseh used his brother’s message

pan-Indian military resistance movement-pan-Indian military resistance movement- which gained in strength with each new treaty which gained in strength with each new treaty signed and with help from Britishsigned and with help from British

Tecumseh’s War: 1811Tecumseh’s War: 1811 Took place in Took place in Northwest Territory (Indiana)Northwest Territory (Indiana) William Henry Harrison vs. TecumsehWilliam Henry Harrison vs. Tecumseh Continues into War of 1812Continues into War of 1812

War of 1812War of 1812

America’s Second War of America’s Second War of Independence?Independence?

Causes of the War of 1812: 1. Causes of the War of 1812: 1. Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Causes of the War of 1812: 1. Causes of the War of 1812: 1. Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Q Britain and France were locked in a war for control of Europe. As a result, both nations attempted to prevent Americans from trading with the others including take American ships including hostages and cargo.

Causes of War of 1812: 2. Causes of War of 1812: 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”

Causes of War of 1812: 2. Causes of War of 1812: 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Q June 21, 1807.June 21, 1807.

Q Br. Captain fired on Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake.the USS Chesapeake.

Q 3 dead, 18 wounded.3 dead, 18 wounded.

Q Br. Foreign Office Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.said it was a mistake.

Q Jefferson’s Response:Jefferson’s Response:

Forbade Br. ships to dock in Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.American ports.

Ordered state governors to call up Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.as much as 100,000 militiamen.

Causes of the War of 1812: 3. Causes of the War of 1812: 3. The Embargo Act (1807)The Embargo Act (1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

Causes of the War of 1812: 3. Causes of the War of 1812: 3. The Embargo Act (1807)The Embargo Act (1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808

James MadisonJames Madison

From Virginia From Virginia Father of the Constitution and author of Father of the Constitution and author of

the Bill of Rightsthe Bill of Rights Jeffersonian RepublicanJeffersonian Republican Served 1809- 1817Served 1809- 1817

Causes of the War of 1812: # Causes of the War of 1812: # 4. The Non-Intercourse Act 4. The Non-Intercourse Act

(1809)(1809)

Causes of the War of 1812: # Causes of the War of 1812: # 4. The Non-Intercourse Act 4. The Non-Intercourse Act

(1809)(1809)Q Replaced the Embargo Act.

Q Remained U. S. policy until 1812.

Q Unexpected Consequences:

N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened].

Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.

Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

Q General William HenryGeneral William HenryHarrison Harrison governor of governor ofthe Indiana Territory.the Indiana Territory.

Q Invited Native IndianInvited Native Indianchiefs to Ft. Wayne, INchiefs to Ft. Wayne, INto sign away 3 mil. acres to sign away 3 mil. acres of land to the US of land to the US government.government.

Q Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands.tribes to fight for their homelands.

Q Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe.defeated at Tippecanoe.

Q This made Harrison a national hero!This made Harrison a national hero![1840 election [1840 election Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!]]

Causes of the War of 1812: # 5: Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811Causes of the War of 1812: # 5: Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811

““War Hawks”: Those that War Hawks”: Those that strongly favored a war strongly favored a war

with the Britishwith the British

““War Hawks”: Those that War Hawks”: Those that strongly favored a war strongly favored a war

with the Britishwith the British

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812

““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”

War of 1812: American War of 1812: American ProblemsProblems

War of 1812: American War of 1812: American ProblemsProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:The US was unprepared militarily:

Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.

Americans disliked a draft Americans disliked a draft preferred to preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.enlist in the disorganized state militias.

Q Financially unprepared::

Flood of paper $: Flood of paper $: Why is this bad?Why is this bad?

Revenue from import tariffs declined.Revenue from import tariffs declined.

Q Regional disagreements.Regional disagreements.

Overview of the War of 1812Overview of the War of 1812Overview of the War of 1812Overview of the War of 1812

Francis Scott Key & National Francis Scott Key & National AnthemAnthem

Watch the bombing of Watch the bombing of Fort McHenryFort McHenry in in Baltimore Baltimore

Wrote the poem that later became the Wrote the poem that later became the National AnthemNational Anthem

Set to tune of British drinking song – Set to tune of British drinking song – Adopted by Congress in 1931Adopted by Congress in 1931

National AnthemO say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light,What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming,Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

WASHINGTON D.C. BURNSWASHINGTON D.C. BURNS

Americans burnt York, Americans burnt York, (Toronto) Canada (Toronto) Canada

British returned favor by British returned favor by burning D.C.- White burning D.C.- White House and CapitalHouse and Capital

Dolly Madison had to Dolly Madison had to carry pictures of carry pictures of WashingtonWashington

TREATY OF GHENT: TREATY OF GHENT: 12/24/181412/24/1814

Ended the warEnded the war Return things back to the way it was before the warReturn things back to the way it was before the war

– British dropped demand for a “buffer” state for loyal British dropped demand for a “buffer” state for loyal Native Americans in NorthwestNative Americans in Northwest

United States gained international respect: United States gained international respect: Jackson’s Jackson’s victory at New Orleans made it seem that the US had victory at New Orleans made it seem that the US had wonwon

The issue of taking hostages was not addressedThe issue of taking hostages was not addressed

Real Losers: Northwest Native Americans: With Real Losers: Northwest Native Americans: With the death of Tecumseh at Battle of the Thames the death of Tecumseh at Battle of the Thames (1813) and the defeat of the Southern Creeks (1813) and the defeat of the Southern Creeks (1814) the hope for a united Native American (1814) the hope for a united Native American resistance against white invasion was lostresistance against white invasion was lost

Hartford Convention: 12/1814Hartford Convention: 12/1814

Federalist met to discuss Federalist met to discuss SECEEDING from SECEEDING from the United States- 1the United States- 1stst Major time it is Major time it is mentioned because disapproved of war mentioned because disapproved of war and for disapproval of Jefferson’s Embargo and for disapproval of Jefferson’s Embargo Act and Madison’s Non-Intercourse Act of Act and Madison’s Non-Intercourse Act of 18091809

Treaty of Ghent made federalists look Treaty of Ghent made federalists look like traitors and ended the party.like traitors and ended the party.

Jackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida Campaigns

The Battle of New Orleans, The Battle of New Orleans, 18151815

The Battle of New Orleans, The Battle of New Orleans, 18151815

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson led forces at New OrleansAndrew Jackson led forces at New Orleans Peace treaty had already been signed- Peace treaty had already been signed-

communication was slowcommunication was slow Jackson became very popular and would Jackson became very popular and would

later be presidentlater be president