Zecchini Editore -

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Forward

he trumpet, a noble instrument that has accompanied the

most dramatic and joyous moments in the history of

humanity, is the subject of this marvelous book, expertly

compiled and richly illustrated after meticulous study by

one of the great performers on this instrument.

The author brings together a profound knowledge of the

history and technique of the trumpet, as well as the prac-

tical experience of a true virtuoso: when anyone hears

Gabriele Cassone perform the Second Brandenburg

Concerto, they will understand my admiration for this

marvelous artist.

Gabriele Cassone is a longtime honorary member of the

English Baroque Soloists, and it is therefore my great

pleasure to present to you his book on the trumpet.

Sir JOHN ELIOT GARDINER

xi

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2. The origins of the trumpet

The modern trumpet is remarkably similar to its an-

cient predecessors; regarding the method of producing

sound, little has changed in the development of brass

instruments. Sound is produced by vibrating the lips,

which are placed on an opening leading into the in-

strument (in the oldest instruments, this opening

did not closely resemble a mouthpiece as we know it

today). The sound passes through a length of tubing

and is dispersed through the opening in the other

end of the tube. This principle has remained essen-

tially the same throughout the centuries, although

brass instruments have been subject to infinite varia-

tions in form.

Instruments similar to the trumpet have been docu-

mented in numerous ancient civilizations, some of

which are still in use today. For example, Jewish reli-

gious ceremonies still employ the shofar (an instru-

ment made from a ram’s horn), and the Australian

Aborigines still use the didjeridoo (a simple instru-

ment made from a length of wood that, in its authen-

tic form, is actually hollowed out by termites). While

The Trumpet: Physical Characteristics and History

Shofar (Centro diDocumentazioneEbraica, Milan, Italy)

Hand trumpet,C.F. Eschenbach, Markneukirchen, 1802

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The difference between the roles of the

two instruments was clearly defined be-

tween 1422 and 1462 in the Burgundy

court, where there is a distinction made

between the occupation of the trompette

des menestrels and that of the trompettes

de guerre. Around 1450, the invention

of the double slide led to the develop-

ment of the trombone. The first pictorial

evidence of its use comes from around

1450 in a wedding chest painting pre-

served in Florence, known as Le nozze degli Adi-

mari, and in an anonymous painting from 1460-

1480, found on the altar of a church in Cologne

(now in the Altepinakotek in Munich). The term

trumbonus (trombone) appears for the first time in a

document dating from 1439, part of the collection

of the Biblioteca Estense in

Modena, but it is perhaps used

as a nickname for a particular

trumpet player (trombone, in

Italian, literally means ‘‘large

trumpet’’).

The trumpet, which had always

been forbidden in the church,

was finally allowed in religious

services in its new form as a

The Trumpet: Physical Characteristics and History

Above: a tenortrombone; above left:detail of the instrument,circa 1560. AccademiaFilarmonica di Verona

‘‘Cassone Adimari’’,decorated chest, circa1450, by Giovanni di serGiovanni (Lo Scheggia).Galleria dell’Accademia,Florence

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played almost exclusively in the high range, including

the 11th and 13th harmonics and beyond. The term

clarino or clarin is of Germanic origin, and entered

into use about halfway through the 1500s. Montever-

di, in his Toccata for L’Orfeo (1607), used a variety of

terms for this instrument in his trumpet parts (see the

figure on page 25).

To play the repertoire from the 1600s and 1700s,

trumpet players must have general knowledge of early

music performance practice, not just of early trumpet

The Natural Trumpet

Natural trumpet built byPaul Hainlein inNuremberg in 1664, BadSackingen TrumpetMuseum

Natural trumpet wasmade by Henry Potter &Co. (London, c. 1910).Bad Sackingen TrumpetMuseum. It bears abanner from QueenVictoria’s time (with theinitials "V[ictoria]R[egina]".

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note actually playable. To achieve this effect, it’s ne-

cessary to completely extend the 3rd valve slide. If

the 3rd valve slide has a stop screw, it should be suffi-

cient to simply unscrew it for the necessary extension.

For example, an F2 is required in the final movement

of Henze’s Sonatina. The 3rd valve slide should be ex-

tended carefully, to avoid pulling out the slide comple-

tely in haste. The musician should take advantage of

the preceding rests to make this change.

The notes following the low F2 that require using the

3rd valve (in this case, low G2), should be transposed

up a half tone – using the fingering for an A-flat, be-

cause the 3rd valve slide is lowered a semitone, the re-

sulting tone will be a G. Wait for another rest to put

the 3rd valve slide back in its normal position, which

is somewhat easier than pulling it out to the correct

length. Some players prefer to use the 1st and 3rd

valve slides together to achieve the same effect. It is

also possible to play the low F by bending down a

low F-sharp in the fashion of playing fake tones,

but the resulting note will probably have diminished

volume and tone color and tend to stick out. It is

up to the performer to make a decision as to how

best to play the low F.

It is also possible to use these slides for short glissan-

dos up to a semitone, by choosing a valve combination

that uses the 1st or 3rd valve. These glissandos can

either be descending, or, if the slide is extended prior

to the passage, ascending. A good example of such

glissandos is found in Solus by Stanley Friedman.

Contemporary Music for Trumpet

Example from HansWerner Henze’sSonatina, Schott

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ist needs an instrument that is somewhere between

these two extremes, one that is neither too heavy

nor too light.

Modern instrument makers now offer a huge variety

of instrument components and designs, allowing for

a high degree of customization, to better suit the in-

dividual player’s needs.

The cornet is made in various keys, including of

course B-flat. The mouthpiece shank is shorter than

that of the trumpet, which means that the mouth-

piece backbore is also shorter. The cornet leadpipe is

also more conical than a trumpet leadpipe. The cor-

net, therefore, is a more conical instrument than

the trumpet, resulting in less sound projection but a

darker sound and more agility.

According to the tradition of the great cornet players

of the 1800s and early 1900s, the cornet mouthpiece

should be deeper and have a wider throat than the

trumpet mouthpiece, which helps in creating the dif-

ference in sound. In the orchestral repertoire, there

Instrumental equipment

Courtois CT 722 B-flatcornet

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When the stem is removed from the wah-wah mute, the

sound is very subdued, with a characteristic timbre

most often associated with Miles Davis.

Plunger Mute. The plunger mute looks like a toilet

plunger. It often comes with a small finger ring atta-

ched to make it easier to manipulate. Some plungers

have small holes at the edge that help the intonation

and allow the sound to escape from the bell when the

plunger is in a closed position.

Prominent users of the plunger mute include jazz mu-

sicians Bubber Miley and Cootie Williams (both trum-

pet players with Duke Ellington’s Orchestra), as well as

Snooky Young and Clark Terry.

Plungers are usually made of rubber, fiberboard or

metal. When a composer asks for the effect of the

plunger hitting the bell, a metal or fiberboard plun-

ger mute should be used.

Instead of a specially-made plunger mute, many

players simply use a rubber toilet plunger, often with

a hole drilled in the center.

Whisper mute. A whisper mute is shaped like a

straight mute, but has a continuous strip of cork like

The Mute

Plunger mutes: metal(Denis Wick) and rubber(Humes and Berg)

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To try to cover Arnold Jacobs and his life’s work in

this text would not do this great man justice, and in

fact, it would be impossible. For those who wish to

pursue the subject, I recommend the following

books: Arnold Jacobs: Song and Wind by Brian Fre-

deriksen (WindSong Press Limited), Arnold Jacobs,

Legacy of a Master by M. Dee Stewart (The Instru-

mentalist Publishing Company), and Also Sprach Ar-

nold Jacobs by Bruce Nelson (Polymia Press).

Tom Crown, renowned mute maker and former trum-

pet player with the Chicago Radio-Television and Ly-

ric Orchestras as well as the Berlin Deutsche Opera

Orchestra, studied with Arnold Jacobs in his youth.

Tom relates a significant account of Jacobs’s intuitive

teaching nature and the importance of his lessons.

Jacobs was able to immediately understand the physi-

Modern Trumpet Technique

Arnold Jacobs(photo by RichMays)

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tainer in the United States and Europe. At the height

of her career, her skills on the trumpet were so excep-

tional that she was given the nickname ‘‘Little

Louis.’’ In 1934 she was featured in the Broadway

show Rhapsody in Black, and subsequently performed

in the London and Paris productions of the show

Blackbirds. She remained in Europe, recording sev-

eral dates as a leader, until the Second World War in-

terrupted her career.

Rowland ‘‘Bunny’’ Berigan (1908-1942) worked as a

studio musician in the early 1930s, and contributed

La tromba moderna nel jazz

Louis Armstrong

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Index of names

Adams, Pepper 307Adderley, Cannonball 306Adderley, Nat 306Aeschylus 14Agricola, Martin 128Akiyoshi, Toshiko 321Aldegrever, H. 114Alexander the Great 14Alexander, Frederick M. 246Allen, Red 289-90Altenburg, Johann Caspar 61,

109Altenburg, Johann Ernst 61,

62, 68, 107-9, 112, 114-116, 118, 131-33, 137,139, 178-79, 223, 226,275

Alziati 160, 206Amman, Jost 39Andersen, Arild 314Anderson, William ‘‘Cat’’ 294Andre, Maurice 99, 157, 189,

207, 209, 252, 267, 270Araldi, Giuseppe 72Arban, Joseph Jean Baptiste

Laurent 81-82, 86, 92Armstrong, Lil 287Armstrong, Louis 283, 285-93,

295, 315Arutunian, Alexander 240Ashbury, John 63Asioli, Bonifacio 72Aste, Jean-Hilaire 77Aubertin 189Aubier, Eric 99-100Austin, Larry 312Ayler, Albert 314-15Bach, Johann Sebastian 53, 54,

56, 58, 60, 88-89, 98, 99,119, 121-22, 132, 133,135, 138, 160, 201, 203,205, 216

Bach, Vincent 90, 92, 189,194, 197, 208, 240

Bachmann-Geiser, B. 35Baines, Anthony 68, 109Baker, Chet 301Baker, Harold ‘‘Shorty’’ 292Ballestra, Reimundo 51Barclay, Robert 6, 102, 210

Barnet, Charlie 304Bartok, Bela 96, 231Bartz, Gary 325Basie, William ‘‘Count’’ 290-

91, 303, 305Bauza, Mario 297Bayer, Ernst 65Beale, Simon 63Beato Angelico 22Bechet, Sidney 288Beethoven, Ludwig van 68, 72,

210Beiderbecke, Leon ‘‘Bix’’ 287-

289Belgrave, Marcus 307Bellini, Vincenzo 71, 93Bendinelli, Cesare 39-44, 46-

48, 50, 105, 107, 111,114, 124, 128-31, 134,139

Benjamin, George 197Berg, Alban 96Berg, Bob 325Berigan, Rowland ‘‘Bunny’’ 293Berio, Luciano 98, 144-52,

170, 173Berlioz, Hector 67, 77, 89, 196Berman, Sonny 300Bernardini, Alfredo 60Bernasconi, Andrea 120Bertali, Antonio 55Besson, Fontaine 88, 91, 159,

196, 309Biber, Heinrich Ignaz Franz von

54Biscogli, Francesco 121Bismantova, Bartolomeo 128-

29Bizet, Georges 94, 95Blaauw, Marco 158Blaikley, David James 86Blakey, Art 300, 303, 307-10,

319-21Blanchard, Terence 320Bley, Carla 313, 315Bluhmel, Friedrich 76, 78Boetius, Severino 27Bolden, Charles ‘‘Buddy’’ 284Boosey & Hawkes 86, 90, 159,

162, 173

Borghese, Cardinal 116Bosc, Cristian 55, 110, 115,

187, 208, 211, 213Bouman, Tara 314Bouvet, L. 91Bowie, Lester 315Bowsher, John 117Boyce, William 60Bradford, Bobby 315Brahms, Johannes 93Braxton, Anthony 312, 316,

325Brecker, Michael 318, 324Brecker, Randy 317-18Briant, Ralph 225Brookmeyer, Bob 303Brown, Clifford 299, 302-3,

305, 309Bruckner, Joseph Anton 93, 98,

191Bruninghaus, Rainer 314Bryant, Clora 306Buck, Jan de 47Buhl, David 67Bull, William 63, 134Burney, Charles 120Butinone, Bernardino 31Byrd, Donald 307, 318Byrne, Maurice 26Byron, Don 325Cacciamani, Raniero 83Caccini, Giulio 129-30Caine, Uri 325Caldara, Antonio 55Calloway, Cab 295-97Canales, Angel 321Candoli, Conte 300Cardoso, Wilfredo 201Carrington, Terri Lyne 325Carter, John 316Caruso, Carmine 272, 276, 278Casella, Alfredo 96Cazzati, Maurizio 52Cerveny 91Cesti, Antonio 55Chailly, Luciano 241Charles, Ray 308Charlier, Theo 88Charpentier, Marc-Antoine 58Cheatham, Doc 295-96

327

Cherry, Don 313-16Chiari, Giovanni 59Clagget, Charles 76Clarke, Herbert Lincoln 82,

270Clayton, Buck 290Cole, Nat ‘‘King’’ 291Coleman, Bill 294Coleman, Ornette 314, 316,

321Colonna, Giovanni Paolo 52Coltrane, John 307, 309-10,

314Conn 92, 189Corea, Chick 310Corelli, Arcangelo 52Corti, Guido 249-50Couesnon 91Courtois, Antoine 157, 188,

190Couturier, Ernst Albert 86Cowell, Stanley 311Crown, Donna 249Crown, Tom 100, 208, 223,

230-32, 234, 237, 248-49D’Rivera, Paquito 322da Vinci, Leonardo 29Dalla Casa, Girolamo 128Dankworth, Johnny 312Dauverne, Francois Georges

Auguste 67, 69, 72, 76,77, 108, 122

Davies, Peter Maxwell 202Davis, Miles 147, 299-301,

311, 315, 317, 320, 324Debussy, Claude 96, 231, 240Delalande, Michel-Richard 59Dixon, Bill 313, 316Dodds, Johnny 287Dokshitser, Timofei 100Dolphy, Eric 309-10, 314Donaldson, Lou 307Donatoni, Franco 152, 170-71,

173, 241-42Donizetti, Gaetano 93Dorham, Kenny 299-300, 312Dorsey, Jimmy 304Dorsey, Tommy 293-94, 300Douglas, Dave 325-26Draghi, Giovanni Battista 58Eardley, Jon 301Eckstine, Billy 296Edison, Harry ‘‘Sweets’’ 290-91Egger, Rainer 110, 193, 218Ehe 62Eisel, Johann 117Eldridge, Roy 289, 293, 296,

298Ellington, Edward ‘‘Duke’’ 233,

288-89, 291-92, 294, 303

Ellis, Alexander John 138Ellis, Don 156, 312, 318Elman, Harold ‘‘Ziggy’’ 294Endler, Johann Samuel 135Enesco, George 240Erickson, Robert 152, 156,

159, 161Ervin, Booker 309Eschenbach, C.F. 9Eskdale, George 98Faddis, Jon 323Fagerquist, Don 301Fantini, Girolamo 50, 53, 106,

108, 116, 118-19, 123-24,129-30, 224, 275

Farmer, Art 305Fasch, Christian Friedrich Carl

121Fasch, Johann Friedrich 64Fedele, Ivan 147, 173Ferguson, Maynard 304, 312Finger, Godfrey 60Finke 212Fischer, Carl 270Fitzgerald, Ella 291Franchois, Johannes 34Franquin, Merri 89Franz, Oscar 87Frederick II 26Frederick William I 61Frederiksen, Brian 248, 261Freeman, Chico 313, 321Frescobaldi, Girolamo 116Friedman, Stan 155-56, 158-

59, 173Freidrich, Reinhold 267Friese, Friedrich 62Frohlich, Joseph F. 109Fulcher di Chartres 23Fux, Johann Joseph 55Gambati, Alessandro 72Gambati, Antonio 72Garrett, Richard 79Geminiani, Francesco 139Georg, Johann 62Gershwin, George 98, 232, 235Ghitalla, Armando 90, 201,

265, 271, 277Gillespie, John ‘‘Dizzy’’ 291,

296-99, 303, 306, 308,322-23

Glanville, Barthelemy de 29Globokar, Vinko 98, 161-63,

170, 172-3Goeyens, Alphonse 88Golson, Benny 305Gonella, Nat 295Goodman, Benny 293, 295-96Gordon, Dexter 310Greene, Maurice 60

Grocheo, Johannes de 25, 28Grossinin, Estienne de 34Gruber, Heinz Karl 159, 162,

173Gryce, Gigi 305Guidobaldo di Urbino 38Gunn, John 126, 147Guttler, Ludwig 209Haas 62Hackett, Bobby 295Haden, Charlie 310, 313, 316Hainlein, Hanns 6, 102Hainlein, Paul 51, 104Hainlein 62Halary 77, 80Halliday, Joseph 74Hampel, Anton Joseph 67Hampton, Lionel 294, 303,

305, 323Hampton, Locksley ‘‘Slide’’ 322Hancock, Herbie 311, 317,

321, 324Handel, Georg Friedrich 60, 88,

122, 201Harcourt, Raoul d’ 13Hardenberger, Hakan 150Harrell, Tom 310Hargrove, Roy 323Harjanne, Jouko 167Harper, Thomas 66, 67, 72Harris, John 63Harvey, Jonathan 167-68, 173Hawkins, Coleman 298Hawkins, Erskine 294Haydn, Franz Joseph 70-71, 99,

113, 202, 217-18Haydn, Johann Michael 64, 72,

120Heinisch, Johann 58, 65, 120Henderson, Eddie 317Henderson, Fletcher 286, 287-

90Henderson, Joe 300, 308-9,

312Henze, Hans Werner 98, 153,

155, 173, 242Heral, Patrice 314Herman, Woody 300, 310Herseth, Adolph ‘‘Bud’’ 100,

262, 278Hertel, Johann Wilhelm 64Hickmann, Hans Robert Her-

mann 13Hill, Andrew 309-10Hill, Teddy 296Hinde, Robert 73Hindemith, Paul 97, 98Hines, Earl ‘‘Fatha’’ 287, 296Holiday, Billie 290-91Holland, Dave 312

Index of names

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Holton 157, 198Holy, Walter 212Hotteterre, Jacques Martin 139Hubbard, Freddie 299, 308-9,

311, 314, 318Humbert, Laberte 90Hummel, Johann Nepomuk 70,

113, 203, 217-18Hyde, John 65Isidore of Seville 22Jacchini, Giuseppe Maria 224Jacobs, Arnold 247-49, 252,

260-63James, Harry 293-95Janaeek, Leo 208Jarrett, Keith 312Jenkins, Freddie 289Jenkins, Leroy 316Jensen, Ingrid 324Jolivet, Andre 98Jones, Elvin 305, 321, 324Jones, Hank 304Jones, Jonah 295Jones, Thad 304, 323Jonson, Ben 126Jordan, Taft 292Jupiter 198Kagel, Mauricio 98, 149, 154,

158, 165, 171, 173Kail, Josef 78Keezer, Geoffrey 325Kenton, Stan 304Keppard, Freddie 284-85Kesser 67King 89Kirby, John 294Kirk, Andy 298Kohler & Son 72Kolbel, Ferdinand 76, 112Komeda, Krzysztof 313Kostler, Caspar 65Koeluh, Leopold Antonın 70Kreisel, J. 80Krupa, Gene 293Kuhnert, Albert 84La Rocca, Nick 286Lacy, Steve 313, 315Ladnier, Tommy 288Lantins, Arnold de 34Loqueville, Richard de 34Lavoe, Hector 322Lee, Spike 320Leopold I 55Levy, Jules 81Lewis, Mel 305, 310, 321, 323Liberati, Alessandro 82Linike, Johann Georg 122Lione, Tabard de 72Little, Booker 309Logier, Johann Bernard 74, 75

Lubeck 39Ludwig, Christian 135Louis XIV 58Luini, Bernardino 126Lully, Jean-Baptiste 59Lynch, Brian 321-22Machito 295, 297Mahaut, Antoine 147Mahillon, Victor-Charles 89Mahler, Gustav 86, 93, 95,

191, 209Malone, Bob 187Maalouf, Nassim 157Mangione, Chuck 318-19Mann, Herbie 322Maresz, Yan 168, 173Marsalis, Branford 320Marsalis, Wynton 319-20Martınez, Jose de Juan 67Martini, Giovanni Battista 53Mathez, Jean-Pierre 207Mauri, Vigevani Laura 36McGhee, Howard 298Melani, Alessandro 52Melton 74Memling, Hans 34Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix

71, 93Mercadante, Saverio 83Mersenne, Marin 68, 112, 228Meucci, Renato 16, 31, 84Miley, Bubber 233, 288-89Mingus, Charles 308, 323Mitchell, Richard ‘‘Blue’’ 306-7Mobley, Hank 307Moliere, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin

126Molter, Johann Melchior 64,

120Monette, David G. 176, 181,

183, 190, 305Monk, Thelonious 300, 303,

305, 320Monteverdi, Claudio 25, 48,

104, 210, 224, 238Morgan, Lee 299, 302-3, 308-

9, 312Moritz, Carl 78, 92Mouret, Jean-Joseph 59, 133Mozart, Leopold 64, 72, 120,

229Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 72,

122, 227, 229, 238Muller, Luis 81Mulligan, Gerry 301, 303, 305Murray, David 308, 316, 321Mussorgsky, Modest 98, 100,

242Nance, Ray 292Navarro, Theodore ‘‘Fats’’ 298-

99, 302Nelson, Oliver 309Neumann, Frederick 140Neuschel 46Nichols, Red 288Oliver, ‘‘King’’ Joe 285-87Olivieri, G. 196Orsi 84, 198Ory, Kid 285Otto, Luigi 121Pace, Matthew 76Page, Oran ‘‘Hot Lips’’ 295Palmieri, Eddie 322Parker, Charlie 296, 298-300Parker, Mathew 61Part, Arvo 98Payton, Nicholas 296, 324Peacock, Gary 314Pelitti 91Penderecki, Krzysztof 313Perinet, Francois 79-81, 90,

159Perti, Giacomo Antonio 52Peterson, Oscar 303Petrassi, Goffredo 96Pezel, Johann 54Pezzana, C. 47Philidor, Francois-Andre Dani-

can 59Plutarch 12Pollarolo, Giovanni Antonio 55Ponchielli, Amilcare 83, 84Pozo, Chano 297Prado, Perez 295Praetorius, Michael 37, 51, 54,

116, 130, 134Prokofiev, Sergei 97, 196Purcell, Henry 60, 65Quantz, Johann Joachim 133,

139, 147Querfurth, Franz 121Rabe, Folke 152, 170, 173Rampone & Cazzani 203Rava, Enrico 312Ravel, Maurice 97, 98, 242Reiche, Gottfried 49, 54, 55Resenberger, Johann 65, 120Respighi, Ottorino 96, 97Reutter, Georg von 55Richard the Lionhearted 24Richter, Ferdinand Tobias 55Richter, Franz Xaver 64, 121Riedl, Christian Friedrich von

74Riedl, Joseph 78, 113Riepel, Joseph 64Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai 94Roach, Max 300, 302, 308-9Roditi, Claudio 322Rodney, Red 300

Index of names

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Rudolf II 38Rogers, Milton ‘‘Shorty’’ 301Rognoni, Francesco 127Rollins, Sonny 321Roney, Wallace 320Roth, Ferdinando 91, 208Rudd, Roswell 313Ruhe, Ulrich Heinrich 54Russell, George 305, 312, 321Russell, Luis 290Sanders, Pharoah 314-15Sandoval, Arturo 251, 267,

322Sarjant, James 120Sartorio, Antonio 52Sattler, Christian Friedrich 77Saurle, Michael 68Sax, Adolphe 79, 88, 89, 91Scarlatti, Alessandro 52, 227,

229Scelsi, Giacinto 156, 173Schachtner, Johann Andreas 65Scherbaum, Adolf 99, 266Scherbaum & Gottner 99Scherzer 121, 160, 206Scherzerin, Kurt 99Schilke, Renold 92, 187, 199,

202-3, 205, 208-9Schmelzer, Johann Heinrich 55Schneider, Maria 325Schnitzer, Anton 44-46, 62Schonberg, Arnold 96Schubart, Christian Friedrich

Daniel 68Schuller, Gunther 312Schumann, Robert 93Schupbach & Guichard 79Schuster 77Schutz, Heinrich 51Schwanitz 112Scriabin, Alexander Nikolaie-

vich 100Selmer 157, 186, 200, 201,

204-5Sermila, Jarmo 167, 173Severinsen, Carl ‘‘Doc’’ 300Shavers, Charlie 294Shaw, Artie 293Shaw, William 63Shaw, Woody 299, 310-11Shepp, Archie 313-14, 316Shore, John 59Shore, Matthias 59Shore, William 59Shorter, Wayne 311-12Shostakovich, Dmitri 97Silver, Horace 300, 305, 307,

309-10, 318, 321-22Sinatra, Frank 291Smalley, Roger 167, 173

Smith, Bessie 289Smith, Jabbo 289Smith, Jimmy 307Smith, Joe 289Smith, Dr. Lonnie 325Smith, Stuff 295Smith, Wadada Leo 316Smithers, Don 101, 117Snetberger, Ferenc 314Snow, Valaida 292Solbiati, Alessandro 241Sorge, Georg Andreas 137Speer, Daniel 114, 225Sperger, Johannes 64Spontini, Gaspare 77Stewart, M. Dee 248St. Cyr, Johnny 287Stamp, James 151, 265, 271-

75, 280Stanko, Tomasz 313Stanley, John 60Steele-Perkins, Crispian 63Steffani, Agostino 55Steiger, Jacob 46Steinkopf, Otto 210, 212Sterner, J.F. 136Stevens, Thomas 275Stewart, Rex 291Stimmer, Tobias 35Stockhausen, Karlheinz 98,

151, 153, 154, 164, 166,171, 173, 197, 204, 241-42

Stockhausen, Markus 150,171, 222, 313-14

Stockhausen, Simon 314Stolzel, Heinrich 76-79, 90Stomvi 202Stradella, Alessandro 52Strauss, Richard 86, 93, 94, 98,

145, 191, 208Stravinsky, Igor 96, 97, 196,

204, 231Surus Aurelius 16Tadini, Michele 168, 173Takemitsu, Toru 150, 173Talbot, James 61Tarr, Edward H. 34, 58, 76,

101, 108, 133, 209Taylor, Billy 325Taylor, Cecil 313, 316Tchaikovsky, Piotr Illich 94Telemann, Georg Philipp 64,

135Terry, Clark 233, 303-4, 325Teste, Xavier 88Thibaud, Pierre 271, 274Thibouville-Lamy, Jerome 89-

91Thomsen 39

Tolliver, Charles 309Tomasi, Henri 98Torelli, Giuseppe 52Tosoroni, Antonio 73Towner, Ralph 314Tottle, William 90Tromlitz, Johann Georg 125,

127, 147Trumbauer, Frankie 288Turrentine, Stanley 307Tutankhamen 11, 12Tyner, McCoy 308-9, 322Uccellini, Marco 226, 227Urbino, Carlo 125Valentini, Giovanni 51Vallotti, Antonio Francesco

138-39Vanderhagen, Amand 147Vegetius, Flavius 16Vejvanovsky, Josef Pavel 55, 116Verdi, Giuseppe 84, 85, 87, 93Virgil 16Vivaldi, Antonio 52, 203Viviani, Giovanni Bonaventura

129Vizzutti, Allen 278Voisin, Roger 89, 90Wagner, Richard 73, 86, 87, 93,

98, 208, 210Wallace, John 202Washington, Tyrone 312Watts, Jeff 325Webb, Chick 297Webb, John 217Webern, Anton von 96Weidinger, Anton 70Werckmeister, Andreas 138-39Wheeler, Kenny 312Whetsol, Arthur 289White, Henderson 89Wieprecht, Wilhelm 78, 80Williams, Charles ‘‘Cootie’’ 233,

288-89, 291-92Williams, Tony 321Wilson, Gerald 316Wobisch., Helmut 99Woeggel, Michael 67Wogram, Klaus 117Woodham 65Woods, Phil 301, 310, 322Yamaha 92, 187, 203-205Young, Lester 290Young, Snooky 233Zanichelli, Domizio 83Zarlino, Gioseffo 41, 112Ziani, Marc Antonio 55Zimmermann, Bernd Alois 98Zimmermann, J.H. 88Zorn, John 325

Index of names

330