The New DealThe New Deal

FDRFDR’’s plan to end the Great s plan to end the Great DepressionDepression

Election of 1932Election of 1932

Republicans re-nominated HooverRepublicans re-nominated HooverTarnished by DepressionTarnished by Depression ““if the economyif the economy’’s good…s good…”” Rugged Individualism – govRugged Individualism – gov’’t should not t should not

help people unemployedhelp people unemployedBelieved govBelieved gov’’t controls only slowed t controls only slowed economic recoveryeconomic recovery

Community Chests – privately organized Community Chests – privately organized welfare welfare

Democrats in 1932Democrats in 1932Al Smith wanted to run again (NY, Catholic)Al Smith wanted to run again (NY, Catholic)Speaker of the H- John Nance Garner (TX)Speaker of the H- John Nance Garner (TX)Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt Harvard & Columbia, Assist Sec of Navy, Harvard & Columbia, Assist Sec of Navy,

Governor of NY, many similarities to his cousinGovernor of NY, many similarities to his cousin Struck with polio in 1921 – recovery made him Struck with polio in 1921 – recovery made him

stronger – most did not know of the paralysisstronger – most did not know of the paralysis Won the nomination & band played Won the nomination & band played ““Happy Happy

Days are Here AgainDays are Here Again”” Slogan: Slogan: ““I pledge you…a new deal for the I pledge you…a new deal for the

American People!American People!””

Roosevelt won by a landslideRoosevelt won by a landslide

472 electoral votes to 59 for Hoover472 electoral votes to 59 for Hoover

First 100 DaysFirst 100 Days

Bank Holiday – closed every bank until it Bank Holiday – closed every bank until it had been checked & found solventhad been checked & found solvent Emergency Banking BillEmergency Banking Bill Most banks closed for a weekMost banks closed for a week

Fireside Chats – radio speeches to explain Fireside Chats – radio speeches to explain to public what he was doingto public what he was doing Main reason people trusted himMain reason people trusted him

Proposed New Deal programsProposed New Deal programs 3Rs – relief, recovery, reform3Rs – relief, recovery, reform See worksheet!See worksheet!

Critics of the New DealCritics of the New Deal

Not voiced until starting in 1934Not voiced until starting in 1934

American Liberty League – Reps & American Liberty League – Reps & conservative Dems wanted to defend laissez – conservative Dems wanted to defend laissez – faire policies – against any govfaire policies – against any gov’’t regs on themt regs on them Many major corporations joined (DuPont, GM)Many major corporations joined (DuPont, GM)

Huey Long – Huey Long – ““Share Our Wealth ProgramShare Our Wealth Program”” Extreme liberal Dem – Extreme liberal Dem – Federal govFederal gov’’t confiscate all income over $1 million t confiscate all income over $1 million

to give a $5,000 home and $2,000/yr incometo give a $5,000 home and $2,000/yr income Began to run for Pres…was assassinatedBegan to run for Pres…was assassinated

More criticism…More criticism…

Father Charles Coughlin – on radio – CatholicFather Charles Coughlin – on radio – Catholic Usually covered politics not religionUsually covered politics not religion Claimed FDR in bankersClaimed FDR in bankers’’ pocket pocket Prejudiced against Jews, felt they were benefitingPrejudiced against Jews, felt they were benefiting

Dr. Francis E. Townsend – Townsend PlanDr. Francis E. Townsend – Townsend Plan California physicianCalifornia physician Federal $ to elderly - $200/ month over 60 yrs oldFederal $ to elderly - $200/ month over 60 yrs old Plan dropped when realized ½ of govPlan dropped when realized ½ of gov’’t $ would go t $ would go

to 1/11to 1/11thth of the population of the population

Upton Sinclair – Socialist cand. Gov of CA – Upton Sinclair – Socialist cand. Gov of CA – EPIC/ EPIC/ ““End Poverty in CalifEnd Poverty in Calif”” - lost election - lost election

FCCFCC

Established by Communications Act, 1934Established by Communications Act, 1934

22ndnd New Deal New Deal

Regulates all interstate & international Regulates all interstate & international communicationcommunication Originally radio, today TV, cable, satelliteOriginally radio, today TV, cable, satellite

Still exists todayStill exists today

Election of 1936Election of 1936

FDR v. Alfred Landon – Gov of KansasFDR v. Alfred Landon – Gov of Kansas Landon supported several New Deal programs, Landon supported several New Deal programs,

promised to help businessespromised to help businesses

Long & Coughlin supporters formed 3Long & Coughlin supporters formed 3rdrd party party Union Party – ran William Union Party – ran William ““Liberty BillLiberty Bill”” Lemke Lemke Failed miserably – not one Failed miserably – not one

electoral voteelectoral vote

FDR won again big time FDR won again big time – – 523 to 8523 to 8

Supreme Court ActionsSupreme Court Actions1935 Court declared 5 New Deal programs 1935 Court declared 5 New Deal programs unconstitutional (AAA, NRA, etc)unconstitutional (AAA, NRA, etc)1936, four other decisions against FDR, 1936, four other decisions against FDR, including minimum wage law from NYincluding minimum wage law from NYFDRFDR’’s response was to s response was to ““pack the courtpack the court””If a justice didnIf a justice didn’’t retire at 70, pres had the t retire at 70, pres had the right to add a new justice for each over 70 right to add a new justice for each over 70 (not past 15)(not past 15) FDR went to 12 justices & be pro- New DealFDR went to 12 justices & be pro- New Deal

Senate killed bill – his 1Senate killed bill – his 1stst defeat in Congress defeat in Congress Will actually get to appoint 7 new justices legally anywayWill actually get to appoint 7 new justices legally anyway

Results…Results…

FDRFDR’’s fight with Court did lasting political s fight with Court did lasting political damage & weakened his popular supportdamage & weakened his popular support However the Court will uphold the NLRB and However the Court will uphold the NLRB and

Social SecuritySocial Security

Ballooning federal deficitBallooning federal deficitDepression still happening/ unemployment Depression still happening/ unemployment Congress demanded & got a balanced budget Congress demanded & got a balanced budget for 1938 – cut many programsfor 1938 – cut many programsFair Labor Standards Act – last big win for Fair Labor Standards Act – last big win for FDR – est federal minimum wage/ max hoursFDR – est federal minimum wage/ max hours

How did the New Deal change the US?How did the New Deal change the US?

1.1. Expanded power of the fed govExpanded power of the fed gov’’tt

2.2. Extended power of the presidentExtended power of the president Probably strongest President since LincolnProbably strongest President since Lincoln

3.3. Deficit spending by govDeficit spending by gov’’t is now commont is now common John Maynard Keynes favored thisJohn Maynard Keynes favored this

4.4. Fed govFed gov’’t running social programst running social programs

5.5. GovGov’’t demonstrated concern for workerst demonstrated concern for workers

6.6. Conservation movement gained strengthConservation movement gained strength

7.7. renewed peoplerenewed people’’s faith in democracys faith in democracy