The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0. What’s happening in the Graveyard Shift? Not covering...
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
What’s happening in the Graveyard Shift?
• Not covering everything in WCAG 2.0• Focusing on
– some of the good points– … and some of the bad!
• Looking at– Implications on design– How it can/might be adopted
• Will describe imagery on screen• General discussion/bitching
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Who’s who – Andy Clarke
• The modfather, wasp-like designer of note (and no taking the Mickey)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Who’s who – Patrick Lauke
• Salford’s finest accessibility-aware webmaster working for a University
• Receives coded messages about accessibility from a strange growth on the back of his head
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Who’s who – Gez Lemon
• “When life deals you a lemon, make a lemon meringue pie”
• Web developer for Paciello Group and prolific maker of accessibility tools & widgets
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Who’s who – Ian Lloyd
• The Accessify guy• Working for
Nationwide since time began
• Itinerant traveller and VW nut
• Face made entirely of rubber
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WaSP ATF
• Either by chance or design, we are all ATF members
– WaSP = Web Standards Project– ATF = Accessibility Task Force
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Not that ATF
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG – A brief history
• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines = WCAG (or wuh-cag!)
• Version 1.0 released in 1999– Ancient in Internet years– Much of it out-of-date/irrelevant
• Other accessibility ‘standards’ (e.g. section 508)– WCAG too wide-reaching for some
implementations– Note: PAS 78 *not* a variant of WCAG/508
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 2.0 – Philosophy behind the change
• Technology-agnostic– not just guidelines for browsers– Non browser-specific terminology = generic
terminology• P.O.U.R. Web site/page should be:
– Perceivable (cater for sense deficiencies)– Operable (how you control items)– Understandable (language, jargon etc)– Robust (compatibility with current/future tech)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 compared
• WCAG 1.0– 2.1 – “Ensure that all information conveyed
with color is also available without color, for example from context or markup”
• WCAG 2.0– 1.3.2 – “Any information that is conveyed by
color is also visually evident without color”
Looks simple enough? Not always
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 compared
• WCAG 1.0– 13.1 – “Clearly identify the target of each link”
• WCAG 2.0– 2.4.4 – “Each link is programmatically
associated with text from which its purpose can be determined”
• Trans: “write meaningful link phrases” – ‘take a look at our product range’ rather than – ‘click here to view our products’”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 compared
• WCAG 1.0– 3.6 – “Mark up lists and list items properly”
• WCAG 2.0– 1.3.1 – “Information and relationships
conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined and notification of changes to these is available to user agents, including assistive technologies”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 compared
• Translation: “Oh crap, I’ve given up the will to live. Pass me a beer, I’m gonna watch telly instead”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
New in WCAG 2.0
• Baselines– Define a set of technologies that conformance
claim is based on• Scoping
– Define areas on a site that are outside of accessibility conformance claim
• Success criteria– Not exactly ‘new’ but a reinvention of priority
levels• More documentation …
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
New documentation in WCAG 2.0
• Hand-over to Patrick to explain some of the other documents, how they relate to each other, purposes of each other
• Not bitching about them at this point … all in due course!
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 2.0 - normative
Core WCAG 2.0 defines:– The 4 principles (P.O.U.R.)– New terminology used (Rosetta stone?)– Conformance (levels, baseline, scoping)– Principles > Guidelines > Success Criteria– Appendices (including comparison between
WCAG 1 checkpoints and WCAG 2 SC)
The only normative document.
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 2.0 – informative
Supporting documents:– Understanding WCAG 2.0– Techniques for WCAG 2.0– About Baselines for WCAG 2.0– Cooking with WCAG 2.0 – Application notes
Liable to change (hence not normative).
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Understanding WCAG 2.0
For each guideline:– Intent of the guideline (what's the problem, why do we
need to address it?)
– Advisory techniques (nice to have, but no SC covers them)
– How to meet the Success Criteria:• Key terms (newspeak cheat sheet?)
• Intent of SC
• Techniques for addressing SC (links to “Techniques...” document)
• Benefits (so if we address this, why is it better?)
• Examples
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Techniques for WCAG 2.0
Big unwieldy document at this point:– Common failures (just to start on positive note...)
– Client-side scripting techniques
– CSS techniques
– General techniques (however you want to implement)
– HTML techniques
– Server-side techniques
– SMIL techniques (who here has done SMIL?)
– Plain text techniques
Confusingly, WAI has link to old “General Techniques...” in navigation...
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
About Baselines for WCAG 2.0
– What are baselines (with annotated examples)
– Who sets the baseline
– How can developers choose a baseline
– Examples of conformance claims
– And the ever popular: “Vertical and Horizontal Scoping in Conformance Statements”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Cooking with WCAG 2.0
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Application notes
“In the future [...] Application Notes would provide detailed guidance for a specific topic [...]. For example, an Application Note on forms would include WCAG 2.0 success criteria, techniques, and strategies for developing accessible forms.”
Will be produced by Education and Outreach Working Group (EOWG)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Other WAI guidelines
• Of course other parts of the accessibility equation need to be in place:– Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
(ATAG) – also currently 2.0 WD and based on WCAG 2.0
– User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
The Improvements in WCAG 2.0
• Gez to pick out some of the improvements in WCAG 2.0, possible with some examples?
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
What’s bad about WCAG 2.0
• Beginning with Patrick• Then Andy• Then Ian
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Language of WCAG 2.0
• Requirements of WCAG 2.0“WCAG 2.0 deliverables must address the
needs of a variety of readers, including people who wish to:
– Create accessible, innovative Web sites.
– Create policies related to Web accessibility.
– Assess whether a Web site conforms to the guidelines.
– Develop authoring tools, user agents, or evaluation and repair tools.
– Teach principles of accessible Web content.”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Language of WCAG 2.0 (cont.)
• WCAG 2.0 itself“These informative documents are written to be
used by a diverse audience, including but not limited to:
– people who create Web content
– developers who write code
– quality assurance or accessibility evaluators
– policy makers
– managers
– users”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Language of WCAG 2.0 (cont.)
– Why are the guidelines and documents currently so difficult to understand?
– To remain tech-agnostic, invented a whole new language (full of sound and clatter, signifying nothing)
– Even seasoned experts can't understand it
– Programmatically determined? Authored unit? Authored content? Even...mechanism?
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
“Mechanism” in WCAG 2.0
– “process or technique for achieving a result”
– SC 2.4.1 A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple Web units.
– On first reading: do I need to now add skip links to everything?
– No, even just marking a navigation up as a list counts as a “mechanism”!?
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Implementing WCAG 2.0
– Study WCAG 2.0, support documents, consult your friends on WAI WG – and some things may become clearer
– University setup – central web team and devolved web authors
– How can I expect web authors (not just professionals, but part-time lecturers, technicians, enthusiasts) to implement WCAG 2.0?
– “Here, read this...and this...see you in a few months once you master the secret art of the Wu-Kag-Clan”
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Implementing WCAG 2.0 (cont.)
– How I implemented WCAG 1.0 – never claim compliance
– Own interpretation (removed most “Until user agents...”)
– And for WCAG 2.0?
– Shawn Lawton Henry: “Go test with users - forget the specs”
– Writing own interpretation of WCAG 2.0, making it tech-specific to our baseline and adding own interpretation/preferred method (“mechanism”?)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
WCAG 2.0 and the designer
• Andy to cover off impact of some specific points on design – how will it adversely affect design, how might it improve design (standardising techniques that some designers have resisted til now?)
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
• Back to ian …
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Mighty Joe Clarke (the 800lb Gorilla)
• To Hell with WCAG 2.0– Has alerted many to issues with WCAG 2.0 (a
good thing)– Seems to have been catalyst for ‘last call’
extension• WCAG Samurai
– Closed group– A good or bad thing?– Could it derail WCAG 2.0?
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
Summing up …
• WCAG 2.0 not yet a done deal– But only if you have your say
• http://tinyurl.com/hmtus (WCAG 2.0 comment form)
• Email to [email protected]
• You are allowed to criticise!– Non-participation in WCAG working group
does not preclude you from having your say
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The New Accessibility Guidelines: WCAG 2.0
So then …
Any questions?