The need for reform in indian arts
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Transcript of The need for reform in indian arts
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THE NEED FOR REFORM IN INDIAN ARTS
Todd Leahy, UMKC School of LawChristina Alge, Michigan Department of Elections
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DEFINING INDIAN ARTS & CRAFTS
MISSION Encourage Indians
to make pieces buyers want
Educate potential buyers
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INDIAN ARTS AND CRAFTS ACT OF 1935
To promote economic welfare of the Indian tribes and Indian individuals through the development of Indian arts & crafts
The rise of fakes One of the
necklaces is fake the other real, can you tell the difference?
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ATTEMPTING TO RIGHT A WRONG: INDIAN ARTS & CRAFTS ACT 1990
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PROBLEM I: SEEKING TO DEFINE “INDIAN”
“THOSE PERSONS ENROLLED IN OR CERTIFIED BY A FEDERAL OR STATE-RECOGNIZED INDIAN TRIBE.”
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PROBLEM II: CRIMINAL PROVISIONS & ENFORCEMENT
$250,000 & 5 YEARS
Native American Arts Inc v. Moon Raven Inc (1998)
Native American Arts Inc v. Chico Arts Inc (1998)
Native American Arts Inc v. JC Penney Co (1998)
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PROBLEM III: THE INDIAN ARTS & CRAFTS BOARD
Trademark Registration
Referral to FBI
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TWO WRONGS STILL DON’T MAKE A RIGHT: INDIAN ARTS & CRAFTS ENFORCEMENT ACT 2000
Indian Maid v. Indian Made
Welcome to Zuni (this looks like the Philippines)
What’s the purpose of all of this?
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THREE STRIKES YOU’RE OUT: 2010 AMENDMENTS
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OUR RECOMMENDATIONS
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AMEND THE DEFINTION OF “INDIAN” & “INDIAN TRIBE”
JUDICIAL CRITERIA Ancestors lived on the
continent before discovery
Identified as an Indian in the community in which he/she lives
Indian Civil Rights Act (1968)
Missing from “tribe” Urban communities State recognized tribes Terminated tribes
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AMEND CIVIL & CRIMINAL PROVISIONS
FAKE? REAL?
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EXPAND “ARTS & CRAFTS” TO KEEP UP WITH TECHNOLOGY
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INCREASE FUNDING OF IACB
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CERTIFCATION TRADEMARKS
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CONCLUSIONS