The nature of pa
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The Nature of Physical Activity
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Unit 2 Outcome 2
• Students should be able to collect and analyse data related to individual and population levels of participation in physical activity, and sedentary behaviour, and create and implement strategies that promote adherence to the National Physical Activity Guidelines.
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Key Knowledge• The concepts of physical activity, inactivity and sedentary behaviour• Physical, social and mental health benefits of regular participation in
physical activity• The increased health risks associated with being physically inactive,
including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and high cholesterol levels
• The dimensions of the Australian National Physical Activity Guidelines for all stages of the Lifespan
• Current levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Australia• Factors (demographic, social and environmental) facilitating participation in
physical activity such as age, sex, peers, family, geographic location, physical environment and socioeconomic status
• Barriers (demographic, social and environmental) to participation in physical activity for population groups such as males and females, indigenous Australians, people with a disability, rural/urban, the aged, adolescence and youth, cultural and the overweight/obese.
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Key Skills• Define the concepts of physical activity, inactivity and sedentary behaviours• Participate in a variety of activities, and collect and analyse information
related to the health benefits (physical, social, emotional) of physical activity
• Identify the consequences of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour• Describe the National Physical Activity Guidelines across the lifespan and
assess adherence to the Guidelines• Collect, analyse and interpret data relating to the current levels of physical
activity and sedentary behaviour in Australia• Investigate and identify factors that influence an individual’s participation in
physical activity across the lifespan• In an ethically sound manner, collect and analyse primary data related to
perceived barriers to participation in physical activity• Create and implement a program that encourages compliance with the
National Physical Activity Guidelines for a given age group.
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Assessment Tasks
1. Multiple Choice and Short Answer Test1. Coving all aspects of theory covered in class2. 100% of Grade
2. Physical Activity Program encouraging compliance with the NPAG
1. S/N task
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Overview
• Concepts of exercise• Domains and dimensions of physical activity• Benefits of Physical activity
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The Nature of Physical Activity (PA)• Physical Activity is any
bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure (expressed in Kilocalories)
• A kilocalorie is the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1° C.
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Food in your bag…
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Sedentary Behaviour
• Is behaviour associated with sitting or lying down
• Including activities such as– Watching TV– Working/playing on the
computer or video games– Driving or sitting on the
bus or tram– Studying, reading
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Regular Physical Activity
Inactivity• Not engaging in any regular
pattern of PA beyond daily activities
• Lack of physical activity behaviour
Sedentary behaviour• When people are physically
inactive they are engaging in sedentary behaviours.
• Watching TV• Commuting by car
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The Nature of Physical Activity (PA)
• Physical Activity encompasses two different branches– Structured/planned
activities• Often used purposefully
to maintain physical fitness
– Incidental PA• The primary objective is
not to be physically active (Walking the shops)
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Definition of Fitness
1. Come up with your own definition of fitness2. List and describe 3 reasons why individuals
may have differential opinions regarding their definition of fitness.
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Definitions of fitness
• “Keeping mentally, physically and emotionally healthy by various forms of exercise and activities”
• The ability to perform certain tasks and exercises
• ‘Having a healthy physical and mental state’
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Physical Fitness
• The body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively
• An indicator of a persons physical activity level
• Generally, a person’s resting heart rate is a good indicator of physical fitness, the lower the better.
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Regular Physical Activity
• How active should we be? What does ‘regular PA’ mean?
• Depends on the age of the person• Depends if they’re overweight or obese• Depends on their fitness level• Health conditions
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National Physical Activity Guidelines
• A government framework describing the required frequency, intensity, duration and types of activities different groups of people should participate in on a weekly basis.
• Groups• Infants (0-5)– Children (5 - 12)– Youth (12 – 18)– Adults (19 – 55)– Older Adults
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Dimensions of PA
• 4 Key dimensions:– Frequency– Intensity– Duration (Time)– Type
In your groups, discuss and report back to the group on1. Describe what the dimension means in terms of PA2. How each dimension can be measured.
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Activity Type Lifestyle PA
EG: gardening, occupational activity, social activity, school sport/PE, shopping
Active aerobicEG: Boxing, walking, running, dancing, swimming
Active sports and recreationEG: team sports, athletics, rock climbing, swimming, paintball
Exercise for flexibilityEG: yoga, gymnastics, dancing, palates, zumba
Exercise for strength and muscular enduranceEG: gym/weights, ironman, field events, running/riding/swimming
Rest/inactivityEG: sleeping, tv, computer, school
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Intensity
• Categories: Light, Moderate and Vigorous (Which are based on how much effort is required while engaging the the PA)
• Determining Intensity:– Talk Test– Target heart rates and estimated maximum heart
rate– Metabolic Equivalent Level (MET)
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Talk Test
• If you can carry out conversation while exercising, you are considered to working at a light-moderate intensity
• If no conversation is possible, you are working at a vigorous intensity
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Target heart rate and estimated maximum heart rate
• bpm• Measured either
electronically or manually
• Intensity determined by different zones
• Light = Below 50% of your maximum HR
• Moderate = Between 50 and 70% of your maximum HR
• Vigorous = Above 70% of max HR
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Metabolic Equivalent Level (MET)
• 1.0 METs is considered to be a resting metabolic rate
• A MET of 4.0 is therefore an intensity 4 times higher than resting levels
• METs are based on the amount of O2 being consumed
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Classification of Intensity
• Low• Moderate• Vigorous
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Low Intensity PA
• Less than 3 METs• Walking, gardening,
housework, light stretching
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Moderate intensity PA
• 3 -6 METs• HR between 50-70% of
Max HR• Brisk walking, golf
(pulling own buggy), recreational swimming, lifting weights, dancing
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Vigorous Intensity PA
• 7 or more METs• Above 70% of Max HR• Race walking, running,
swimming laps, bike riding (above 16km/h), playing tennis (singles), circuit training
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4 Domains of PALeisure time PA
EG: Occupational PA
EG: at work – builder, bricky, plumber, chef, daycare, PT, professional athletes
Active transport PAEG: Riding to work/school/shops
Household/gardening PAEG: cutting grass, painting house, cooking, cleaning,
vacuuming
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Benefits of Physical Activity
• Physical • Social• Mental Health
• Come up with your own list of each…
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Physical Benefits
• Reducing the risk of developing:– Cardiovascular disease– Type 2 diabetes– High Blood Pressure– Colon cancer and
possibly other cancers– Osteoporosis
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Physical Benefits• Build and maintain healthy
bones and muscles• Improve posture• Achieve and maintain a healthy
body weight• Protect against musculoskeletal
injuries in children• Lower total blood cholesterol
and triglycerides, and increase HDL (good cholesterol) levels
• Keep older adults physically strong and better able to move about without falling or becoming tired
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Social Benefits• Social reward of participating
in physical activity• Opportunity to make new
friends and strengthen existing relationships
• Provide opportunities for social interaction
• Help build community networks
• Reduce social isolation and exclusion
• Reduce workplace absence due to illness
• Increase independence in older people
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Mental Health Benefits• Improved mood• Reduced incidence of
depression, anxiety and stress
• Improved self-esteem• Increased potential for
people with chronic disabling conditions to perform regular physical activity
• Improved sleep
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Mental Health Benefits• Greater energy• More positive perceptions
of peoples self and identity• Improved cognitive
function:– There is evidence that PA
can promote some aspects of cognitive function such as memory, reasoning, problem solving and spatial awareness
– It can also prevent the degeneration of cognitive function in older adults