THE NATIONAL SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGY (NSPS):

INVESTING IN PEOPLE

GOVERNMENT OF GHANA

Ministry of Manpower, Youth and Employment (MMYE)

2008

Angela Asante-Asare

National Coordinator, Social Protection

WHAT IS THE NSPS:• Finalized in 2007

• The National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) represents the Government of Ghana’s (GoG) vision of creating an all inclusive and socially empowered society through the provision of sustainable mechanisms for the protection of persons living in situations of extreme poverty and related vulnerability and exclusion.”

• “The NSPS is founded upon the principle that every Ghanaian matters and is capable of contributing his or her quota to national development.” (NSPS; GoG, 2007)

• Rights-Based Approach for the Vulnerable and Excluded

• Child-Centred and Gender Sensitive Approach to Interventions

NSPS FRAMEWORK

LEAP SOCIAL GRANTS SCHEME

POLICY FRAMEWORK

NATIONAL SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGY (NSPS)

Linkages to Complementary

Services

Emergency Response

WHY SOCIAL PROTECTION?• GPRS I – Experiences • GPRS II – National Targets by 2015, SP Mandated

Deliverable• Ghana Needed:

1. Socially Protective cushions insulate V+E persons from Lifecycle risks (i.e, sickness, unemployment, disability and disaster).

2. An Umbrella concept, covering a wider range of programmes, stakeholders, and social instruments.

• International/Local Instruments and Legislations• The 1992 Constitution, Children’s Act 560 (1998), Persons With

Disabilities Act 715 (2005)• ILO Convention 182, Convention on Rights of Child• Universal Declaration on Human Rights, MDGs,• BASED ON BP’s from Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, etc.

• Poor Impact/Targeting of Past SP Programmes in Ghana

Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 4, 2000):

• Poverty profile of Ghana indicates that an estimated 40% of Ghanaians are “poor”

• (GLSS 4) approx. 26.8% of population = Extreme poor, 14.7% are “poorest of the poor”:

Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 5, 2007):GLSS 5) approx. 18.2% of population = Extreme poor

• Per capita income in 2006 was approx. $400, and therefore efforts must be made via a comprehensive and sustainable Social Protection strategy to lift the poorest citizens out of the poverty cycle and poise them to contribute to the nation’s development.

• Poorest HH = Combination of Children/Elderly

POVERTY IN GHANA

POVERTY MAP

SOURCE: GSS GLSS 5 and Coulombe & Wodon (2007)

POVERTY IN GHANA:POVERTY BAND ANALYSIS

Moderately Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$11

Extremely Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$6

Quasi Non Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$23

Non Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$38

Non Poor

14.7%

16.0%

9.0%

21.1%

30.2%

Transitory Poor (Mean monthly per capital income= US$15)

Transitory Non Poor (Mean monthly per capital income= US$15)

Poor

9.0%

Moderately Poor Mean monthly per capita income = US$11

Extremely Poor Mean monthly per capita income = US$6

Quasi Non Poor Mean monthly per capita income = US$23

Non Poor Mean monthly per capita income = US$38

Non- Poor

14.7%

16.0%

9.0%

21.1%

30.2%

Transitory Poor (Mean monthly per capita income= US$15)

Transitory Non Poor (Mean monthly per capita income= US$15)

Poor

9.0%

Integrated Approach to SP:Complementary Programmes

Existing Social Protection interventions Complemented by NSPS:

• SSNIT – Pension Scheme• School Feeding Programme• Capitation Grant (Primary and Soon

Secondary Education)• National Health Insurance Scheme• Social Welfare Programmes• Supplemenatry Feeding Programmes• National Youth Employment Programme• Intergrated Agric. Support Programme• Microfinance Schemes• Emergency Management Schemes

POLICY OBJECTIVES UNDER NSPS

• OBJECTIVE 1: To increase the ability of Extreme Poor to meet basic needs through improving access to livelihood opportunities, and to social protection

• OBJECTIVE 2: To reduce extreme poverty and related vulnerability and exclusion at the household level through provision of LEAP Social Grants Programme

• OBJECTIVE 3: To strengthen the capacity of MDAs to deliver, monitor and evaluate effective social protection programs

IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS

• MDAs at National, Regional, District and Community Levels

• NGOs / CSOs

• Ghanaian Citizens

• Good Political Will (MoFEP)

Technical Working Group on SP• Coordinate Policy Interventions of Govn’t Ministries,

Departments and Agencies for Vulnerable/Excluded Citizens.

• Build Capacity of MDAs to Programme for vulnerable citizens, esp. extreme poor:

– Sharpen existing interventions in terms of implementation and targeting effectiveness of implementing partners.

– Modify Targeting Questionnaire to assist pro-poor targeting in various sectors (ie, health, eductation)

– Ensure compliance at decentralized levels

• National Sensitisation/Communication/Advocacy• Linkages to Complementary Services:

– NSPS interventions will facilitate improvements in existing mechanisms and the formulation of new interventions to address gaps in coverage for the extreme poor

LEAP Programme• Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty

(LEAP) Social Grants Scheme:

context specific initiative that will provide both conditional and unconditional cash transfers to Targeted populations.

• Dept. Of Social Welfare (DSW) -Implementing Agency under MMYE

• The District Assemblies will form District and Community LEAP Implementing Committees to select potential beneficiaries and help monitor/link to complementary services

LEAP Beneficiaries

• Care Givers Grant Scheme for Orphan/Vulnerable Children (OVCs) (Conditional). Emphasis on:

– Children Affected By Aids (CABAs) – Children with severe disabilities

• Persons with Severe Disabilities (Unconditional)

– No Productive Capacity

• Social Grants for the extremely poor above 65 years (Unconditional)

– No Subsistence Support

Complementary Programmes1.Aged 65+

Livelihood Needs:ShelterFoodClothingSoapWater

Complementary Programmes:NHIS Indigent CardFree Bus RideMicronutrient Support/ Supplementary FeedingDSW Services

2. PWDs without Productive Capacity.

Livelihood Needs:FoodClothingSoapWater

Complementary Programmes:NHIS Indigent CardFree Bus RideDSW Psycho-Social Support Services DSW Services

3. OVCs via Caregivers Scheme Livelihood Needs:ShelterFoodClothingSoapWaterEducationComplementary Programmes:Caregivers:NHIS Indigent CardAgric. Input SupportMicrofinanceSkills Training for CaregiversDSW Services

OVC:Education Capitation GrantSchool Feeding ProgrammePost Basic (15+): Skills Training/ApprenticeshipNational Youth Employment Programme (NYEP)DSW Services

SOCIAL PROTECTION MODEL:

SOCIAL PROTECTION

LEAP CONDITIONALITIES• Households Receiving Conditional Grants Must:

– Enrol and retain all school going age children in the household in public basic schools. • Benefit from the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding

Program.

– Must be card bearing members of the National Health Insurance Scheme.

– New born babies (0 -18 months) must be registered with the Birth and Deaths Registry and complete the Expanded Programme on Immunisation.

– Ensure that no child in the household is trafficked or engaged in any activities constituting the Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL).

LEAP ROLL- OUT PLAN

  Option 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

No of Households

15,000 35,000 65,000 115,000 164,370

  Districts50 50 70 100 138

Households per district 300 700 929 1,150 1,188

  Households per community (based on 3 communities per district in yr 1, 5 in subsequent years)

100 140 186 230 238

  Households per community(based on 3 communities per district in yr 1, 5 in subsequent years) 167 200 229 230 238

LEAP PROGRAMME: Overview• Affordability – 5 year pilot < 1% of GDP

• Payment Amount: GHC ¢8 – GHC ¢15 (Low Dependency, Duration of 3 years)

• Targeting – Heavy using community/technology based approaches (i.e. CLIC, DLIC, Single Register)

• Household Distribution – Extreme Poverty Rankings and Share by Regional Population distribution

• 40% of beneficiaries are children.

• Women preferred recipients – Maximum impact at HH level

• Target Group: 20% of Extreme Poor (18.2%) GLSS 5

• Linkages with Complementary Services

LEAP ROLL OUT PLAN• LEAP 5-Year PILOT Programme 2008-2012:

– Target Groups: OVC, PWDs, Aged Poor– 15,000 HH to Benefit (2008) – 50 Districts – Every Region Represented– Social Grants- GHC 8 - 15– Payments through Post-Office– Payments made once every other month (double the

amount is paid)

• Launched in March 2008 – 1st Transfer = OVCs in 1, 551 HH in 20 districts

Nationwide @ 8 GHC– 2nd Transfer = 3,200 HH adding PWSDs and Aged

Above 65, GHC 8 – 15.00 range.– Approx. 16,000 HH have been assisted

• Donors: GoG, UNICEF, DfID, WB, ILO

LEAP EMERGENCY PLAN

• Emergency Response Package to Rising Food Prices

– LEAP will target 11 - 16 most Food Insecure districts in Ghana

– Rapid Scale-up of LEAP to 53,000 HH in 2008

– Targeting approx. 2,154 HH, 61 – 66 Districts nationwide

– Review of Targeting mechanism to include food security and nutrition indicators

– NHIS to Channel Payments for Premiums for vulnerable through LEAP

WHAT’S THE ADDED VALUE OF LEAP

• A systematic targeting mechanism for household/community level social protection interventions.

• A national register of the poor and vulnerable available for all pro-poor programmes (Based on Brazilian Model):

– NHIS, Women’s development fund, MICROFINANCE, Agricultural inputs support, District Poverty alleviation funds, other Civil Society Interventions, Skills Development

• A strengthened and Empowered DSW to:– improve its effectiveness in delivering its broad

mandate and capacity to implement the NSPS

LEAP FINANCING

22%

34%

13%

10%

58%

4%

13%

11%

66%

11%

3%8%

72%

10%2%6%

75%

9%1%4%

88%

4%0%1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2,008 2,009 2,010 2,011 2,012 All extremely poorCash Transfer LogisticsCapacity Building and Training Human ResourceFurniture and Equipment Sensitization and PublicitySensistisation,Targeting and Identification of beneficiaries M&E CostsContingency Cash transfer costs

LEAP FINANCINGCost-Transfer Ratios

3.5

0.7

0.5 0.4 0.30.1

2.1

0.50.4 0.4 0.3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2,008 2,009 2,010 2,011 2,012 All extremely poorOption1 Option2

IS LEAP SUSTAINABLE?

Sustainability Indicators

% shares of LEAP to: 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Govt Expenditure 0.12% 0.10% 0.13% 0.19% 0.23%

Total MMYE allocation 25.44% 20.09% 31.93% 51.98% 71.63%

Total Poverty reduction expenditure 0.59% 0.47% 0.64% 0.91% 1.10%

Total GPRS allocation to Human Resource Development 0.27% 0.21% 0.29% 0.41% 0.49%

Total NHI levy 3.61% 2.87% 3.96% 5.62% 6.74%

Total Tax revenue 0.20% 0.16% 0.22% 0.31% 0.38%

Total Direct taxes 0.74% 0.59% 0.81% 1.15% 1.38%

HIPC Assistance Grants 4.83% 3.83% 5.30% 7.52% 9.01%

Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative Grants 13.72% 11.82% 17.47% 26.46% 33.92%

Total nominal GDP 0.05% 0.04% 0.05% 0.07% 0.09%

Source: Authors calculations based on MTEF

Thank You