The Nation Divided Chapter 14. Growing tensions over slavery –Between 1820 and 1840, four new...

The Nation DividedThe Nation Divided

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Growing tensions over slavery Growing tensions over slavery

– Between 1820 and Between 1820 and 1840, four new slave 1840, four new slave states and four new states and four new free states entered free states entered the unionthe union

There was 15 states There was 15 states on each side nowon each side now

Growing tensions over slaveryGrowing tensions over slavery

David Wilmot of David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed Pennsylvania proposed that congress ban that congress ban slavery in all territory slavery in all territory that would become part that would become part of the US because of of the US because of the Mexican American the Mexican American WarWar

– This was called the This was called the Wilmot ProvisioWilmot Provisio

– It never became a lawIt never became a law


– Democratic Presidential Democratic Presidential candidate in 1848, candidate in 1848, Lewis Cass wanted to Lewis Cass wanted to use popular sovereignty use popular sovereignty to decide whether to to decide whether to allow slaveryallow slavery

Anti Slavery Whigs and Anti Slavery Whigs and Democrats began a new Democrats began a new party called the Free-Soil party called the Free-Soil Party Party This party kept Cass from This party kept Cass from winning the election-winning the election-Zachary Taylor won the Zachary Taylor won the election, he was a Whigelection, he was a Whig

Growing tensions over slavery Growing tensions over slavery – California became very California became very

populated and there was populated and there was an issue about whether an issue about whether or not to allow them in or not to allow them in the union because then the union because then the free vs Slave states the free vs Slave states would not be equalwould not be equal

If California became a If California became a free state, the South free state, the South threatened they would threatened they would secedesecede

Southerners called for a Southerners called for a law that would force the law that would force the

return fugitivesreturn fugitives


– Henry Clay tried to Henry Clay tried to create a create a compromise to compromise to resolve the issuesresolve the issues

John C. Calhoun was John C. Calhoun was against compromise, against compromise, he fought against he fought against ClayClay– To options: To options:

Constitutional Constitutional amendment to amendment to protect states rights protect states rights or secessionor secession


Massachusetts Massachusetts Senator Daniel Senator Daniel Webster supported Webster supported Clay and said they Clay and said they needed to end needed to end sectionalism and sectionalism and preserve the Union. preserve the Union.

Compromises Fail Compromises Fail a.a. Compromise Compromise

of 1850, of 1850, Although Although President President Zachary Zachary Taylor Taylor opposed the opposed the Compromise, Compromise, he died in he died in 1850 and the 1850 and the new President new President Millard Millard Fillmore Fillmore supported itsupported it

Compromises Fail Compromises Fail – The Compromise The Compromise

included:included:California was California was admitted as a free admitted as a free statestateBanned slavery in the Banned slavery in the nations Capitalnations CapitalThe rest of the The rest of the Mexican Cession Mexican Cession would use popular would use popular sovereignty to decide sovereignty to decide slaveryslaveryNew, tougher fugitive New, tougher fugitive slave lawsslave laws

Compromises Fail Compromises Fail

– Fugitive Slave Act of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed 1850 allowed government officials government officials to arrest any person to arrest any person accused of being a accused of being a runaway slaverunaway slave

They had no right to a They had no right to a trialtrialSomeone had to Someone had to claim that they were a claim that they were a slaveslaveNortherners had to Northerners had to help capture help capture runawaysrunaways


– People were taken People were taken from their familiesfrom their families

Cities resisted the Cities resisted the Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act– They even They even

threatened slave threatened slave catchers with harm catchers with harm if they did not leave if they did not leave the citythe city

– This convinced This convinced northerners that northerners that

slavery was evil.slavery was evil.


– In1852, Harriet In1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe Beecher Stowe wrote wrote Uncle Tom’s Uncle Tom’s CabinCabin, which was , which was about an enslaved about an enslaved man who was man who was abused by his abused by his mastermaster

It was a best seller in It was a best seller in the Norththe NorthIt was called It was called propaganda in the propaganda in the southsouth

Compromises Fail Compromises Fail – The Kansas Nebraska Act in The Kansas Nebraska Act in

1854 was pushed through by 1854 was pushed through by Senator Stephen DouglasSenator Stephen Douglas

It created the Kansas It created the Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory and Nebraska TerritoryTerritory

They were in free land and They were in free land and were supposed to be free were supposed to be free statesstates

Douglass wanted them to be Douglass wanted them to be decided by popular decided by popular sovereignty sovereignty

People in the North were People in the North were VERY upsetVERY upset

This was passed in the This was passed in the House of Representatives House of Representatives and the Senateand the Senate

Compromises Fail Compromises Fail – Because of this Act, Because of this Act,

both pro and anti both pro and anti slavery settlers went slavery settlers went to Kansas to try to to Kansas to try to effect the majority effect the majority when it came time to when it came time to votevote

Although Kansas Although Kansas only had 3,000 only had 3,000 voters, 8,000 votes voters, 8,000 votes were madewere made

Kansas had two Kansas had two fighting governmentsfighting governments– Fighting broke outFighting broke out

– This was called This was called

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Compromises FailCompromises Fail

– The fighting did not The fighting did not stay in Kansas, stay in Kansas, there was also there was also fighting in the fighting in the SenateSenate

Charles Sumner of Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was Massachusetts was an abolitionistsan abolitionists

He denounced He denounced (yelled at) proslavery (yelled at) proslavery legislation then legislation then attacked the attacked the Southern LeadersSouthern Leaders

The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Deepens

– The Whig Party split The Whig Party split in 1854 and many in 1854 and many Northerners joined a Northerners joined a new party, the new party, the Republican PartyRepublican Party

They wanted to stop They wanted to stop the spread of slaverythe spread of slavery


It became very It became very popularpopular

In 1856, the first In 1856, the first republican candidate, republican candidate, John C. Fremont, ran John C. Fremont, ran for Presidentfor President– Although he lost, he Although he lost, he

won 11 of the 16 won 11 of the 16 free statesfree states


– March 1857- Dred Scott March 1857- Dred Scott v Sandfordv Sandford

Dred Scott was a slave Dred Scott was a slave who had been owed by a who had been owed by a US army Doctor, they US army Doctor, they had lived in Illinois and in had lived in Illinois and in the Wisconsin Territorythe Wisconsin Territory

Slavery was illegal in Slavery was illegal in both placesboth places

When the DR left the When the DR left the Army, he went to Army, he went to MissouriMissouri

The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Deepens Scott sued for his freedom Scott sued for his freedom saying that he was free saying that he was free because he lived in a place because he lived in a place where slavery as illegalwhere slavery as illegal– Chief Justice Roger B. Chief Justice Roger B.

Taney said Scott was not a Taney said Scott was not a free manfree man

– He had no right to sue in a He had no right to sue in a federal court because he federal court because he was African Americanwas African American

– Living in a free territory did Living in a free territory did not make a slave freenot make a slave free

– *Congress did not have the *Congress did not have the power to prohibit Slaverypower to prohibit Slavery

The Crisis Deepens The Crisis Deepens – Supporters of Slavery Supporters of Slavery

were happy about this were happy about this decision but northerners decision but northerners were stunnedwere stunned

An Illinois lawyer, Abe An Illinois lawyer, Abe Lincoln, became a central Lincoln, became a central figure against slaveryfigure against slaveryHe was elected to He was elected to Congress as a Whig and Congress as a Whig and opposed the Kansas opposed the Kansas Nebraska ActNebraska ActLincoln ran against Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas for Stephen Douglas for SenateSenate– Lincoln lost but was not Lincoln lost but was not

known throughout the known throughout the countrycountry


– John Brown, an Abolitionist, created a plan John Brown, an Abolitionist, created a plan to raise an army and free slaves in the southto raise an army and free slaves in the south

He planned to capture Army guns in Harpers He planned to capture Army guns in Harpers Ferry, VA Ferry, VA

Unfortunately he was surrounded by Colonel Unfortunately he was surrounded by Colonel Robert E. Lee and was captured. Robert E. Lee and was captured.

At his trial, he was guilty of murder and treason, At his trial, he was guilty of murder and treason,

he was sentenced to death.he was sentenced to death.

The coming of the Civil War The coming of the Civil War

a.a. In the election of 1860, Republicans chose In the election of 1860, Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln and Northern Democrats Abraham Lincoln and Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas, Southern chose Stephen Douglas, Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge, the Democrats chose John Breckinridge, the Constitutional Union party nominated John Constitutional Union party nominated John BellBell

The coming of the Civil War The coming of the Civil War The Constitutional The Constitutional Union Party was an Union Party was an attempt to preserve attempt to preserve (Keep) the Union(Keep) the Union

Lincoln won all the Lincoln won all the Free states and Free states and Breckinridge won all Breckinridge won all slaves states except slaves states except 4. 4.

Lincoln had enough Lincoln had enough electoral votes to win electoral votes to win the electionthe election


– South Carolina was South Carolina was the first to secede the first to secede from the union, from the union, followed 6 other followed 6 other southern statessouthern states

Leaders from these Leaders from these states met in states met in Montgomery Montgomery Alabama to form the Alabama to form the Confederate States Confederate States of Americaof America– Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis

became presidentbecame president


a.a. At Lincoln’s At Lincoln’s inauguration, he tried inauguration, he tried to make peace with to make peace with the south, but it was the south, but it was rejectedrejected


– At Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, the At Fort Sumter, in South Carolina, the commander would not surrender, SC commander would not surrender, SC authorities decided to starve the troopsauthorities decided to starve the troops

Lincoln announced he would send food, but not Lincoln announced he would send food, but not military supplies to the fortmilitary supplies to the fort

This fort was attacked and the US troops This fort was attacked and the US troops surrenderedsurrendered

– This attack on Fort Sumter was the This attack on Fort Sumter was the beginning of the Civil War beginning of the Civil War

The Nation Divided Chapter 14. Growing tensions over slavery –Between 1820 and 1840, four new...

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