The My World Survey (MWS): The Twin Track- Alcohol and mental health in young people today
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The My World Survey (MWS):The Twin Track- Alcohol and mental health in
young people today
Amanda Fitzgerald1 & Barbara Dooley1,2
UCD School of Psychology1
Headstrong- National Centre for Youth Mental Health2
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The context
• Drinking is part of the Irish culture
• Research in Europe and the US has found that alcohol use is beginning in early adolescence, consumption rates are increasing and polysubstance use is evident (Newes-Adeyi et al 2005; WHO 2007)
• Alcohol is a particular risk in adolescence(Strandheim et al 2009)
• Underage and binge drinking have negative effects on adolescent development and mental health (Chen et al., 2008)
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When do mental health issues begin to emerge?
Victorian Burden of Disease Study (1996)
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Aims
• Describe patterns of drinking behaviour across the second level school cycle
• Determine the associations between drinking behaviour, as defined by the WHO AUDIT tool, and mental health indicators
• Investigate the link between alcohol misuse and suicidal behaviours among young adults
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Methodology
• Sampling young people from 12-25 years of age in line with the WHO definition of adolescent and emerging adulthood
– Second level students 12-18 (N = 6,085)
• Randomly selected schools 72/145 participated (49%)
– Third level students 17-25 N=8,221
• All universities and 5 ITs
– Employed young people 18-25 (N =170)
– Unemployed young people 18-25 (N =154)
– Trainees 18-25 (N = 306)
– Total sample: 14,936
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The MWS
• Positive Domains– Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
(MSPSS) – Coping Strategy Indicator – Optimism – Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) – Self Esteem Scale (RSE) – Satisfaction with Life Scale
• Negative Domains– Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) – Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) – Behavioural Adjustment Scale (BAS)– CRAFFT (risk taking scale)
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Data from Second Level Sample
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Data on alcohol frequency and binge drinking
49% (N=2784) of adolescents never drink alcohol
School year
% of drinking at least monthly
% of drinking, at least monthly, 6 or more drinks in one session
1st year 6% 15%
2nd yr 13% 21%
3rd yr 22% 28%
4th yr 33% (11% weekly) 33%
5th yr 52% (19% weekly) 47% (10% weekly)
6th yr 69% (28% weekly) 57% (16% weekly)
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Typical drinking volume
• In 3rd yr the most prevalent typical drinking volume is 1-2 drinks (30%), 3-4 drinks (24%), 5-6 drinks (25%)
• In 4th yr the most prevalent typical drinking volume is 3-4 drinks (38%), 5-6 drinks (24%)
• In 5th & 6th yr the most prevalent typical drinking volume is 5-6 drinks (30%), 7-9 drinks (22%), with 15% of 6th yrs drinking 10+ on a typical drinking occasion
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Alcohol behaviour classification –AUDIT (WHO, 2001)
Classification Junior Cycle (1st, 2nd, 3rd year)
Senior Cycle (4th, 5th, 6th year)
Low riskdrinking
90% 65%
Problem drinking
6% 26%
Hazardous drinking
2% 5%
Possible alcohol dependence
2% 4%
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AUDIT recommended cutoffs for adolescents (Knight et al., 2003; Santis et al., 2009)
Classification Junior Cycle (1st, 2nd, 3rd year)
Senior Cycle (4th, 5th, 6th year)
Low riskdrinking
78% 33%
Problem drinking
22% 67%
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Alcohol behaviour across school year
• Significant linear trend F(5,5807) =242.37, p < .001. 6th yrs M=8.55, are in the problem drinking range and are significantly different from all other years
• Similar pattern for males and females
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Alcohol behaviour across age group
• Significant linear trend F(6,14311) =691.67, p < .001. Similar pattern for males and females
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Factors associated with use alcohol use in adolescents
• Chi-square analysis observed :– Adolescents in the Junior Cycle, classified in
problem drinking category, were more likely to report severe/very severe depression. This was also evident for those in the Senior Cycle, but the association was stronger for Junior Cycle.
– These patterns also emerged for stress and anxiety
– Alcohol behaviour was also linked to self-esteem, where problem drinking behaviour was associated with lower self-esteem. This was evident in both the Junior Cycle, and Senior Cycle
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Factors associated with use alcohol use in adolescents
• Alcohol use was linked to positive and negative factors– Low levels of alcohol use were associated
with higher optimism, support from family, life satisfaction and resilience
– Higher rates of alcohol use were associated with increased risk taking, high family conflict, feeling angry, school misconduct and antisocial behaviour
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Data from Young Adult Sample
(17-25 years)
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Alcohol misuse and suicidal behaviour
• WHO (2004) – Risk of suicide is 8 times greater when a person is currently abusing alcohol than if not abusing alcohol
• Ireland ranked 4th in Europe for suicide rate in 15-24 yr olds (NOSP, 2010)
• Young adults (17-25 yrs) who were identified as having a possible alcohol dependence were at increased risk for self-harm, suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts
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Conclusions
• Problem alcohol behaviour has clear patterns of frequency, binge drinking and volume across year group in second level
• Problem drinking was found to be linked to an increased risk for mental health difficulties and a reduction in self-esteem
• Young people at low risk for drinking have better mental health, engage in more positive coping strategies and have a more positive outlook on life
• Need to delay the onset of drinking
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Thank You!
Email: [email protected]
Link to My World Survey Report
www.headstrong.ie/content/myworld