The Musculoskeletal The Musculoskeletal SystemSystem

BY: Adreahna Young BY: Adreahna Young

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Austin GoodwinAustin Goodwin

Types of Joints/MovementsTypes of Joints/Movements

Synovial joints: are movable , dense Synovial joints: are movable , dense layer of bone .layer of bone .

Fibrous Joints: brought together Fibrous Joints: brought together dense connect tissue , skull dense connect tissue , skull ( sature) .( sature) .

Cartilage Joints: connected with Cartilage Joints: connected with cartilage , growth plate of young cartilage , growth plate of young animals .Have two vertebrae's animals .Have two vertebrae's /invertible disk ./invertible disk .

Types of vertebrae'sTypes of vertebrae's

Thoracic vertebraThoracic vertebraAre found in the next division of the spinal Are found in the next division of the spinal

column.column.

Lumbar vertebra:Lumbar vertebra:located on lower back between thoracic located on lower back between thoracic vertebrae and pelvis . Flexes and extends as vertebrae and pelvis . Flexes and extends as animals walk and run.animals walk and run.

Sacrum Vertebra:Sacrum Vertebra:3 vertebras fuses to support the pelvis , than joins 3 vertebras fuses to support the pelvis , than joins

with pelvis , allowing the hind limbs to support with pelvis , allowing the hind limbs to support the weight of the body .the weight of the body .

Bone Structure /Musculature Bone Structure /Musculature SystemSystem

Bones furnish 5 basic functions they are Bones furnish 5 basic functions they are Leverage structure , protection, mineral Leverage structure , protection, mineral reserves and blood cell productions .The reserves and blood cell productions .The most visible bone is structure , that most visible bone is structure , that gives more protection to fragile bones .gives more protection to fragile bones .

For the musculature system the outer For the musculature system the outer shell id filled with dense /thick bones . shell id filled with dense /thick bones . The compact bones are called “ spongy The compact bones are called “ spongy “.“.

Hip DysplasiaHip Dysplasia

Causes: This disease has a few types of Causes: This disease has a few types of causes including it being degenerative, causes including it being degenerative, animal weight gain, or even the preventable animal weight gain, or even the preventable (ageing)(ageing)

Symptoms: Symptoms: Bunny hopping (especially up stairsBunny hopping (especially up stairs Stiffness/painStiffness/pain Difficulty standingDifficulty standing Back legs more close together then front Back legs more close together then front

legs legs

Hip Dysplasia Cures/ Help Hip Dysplasia Cures/ Help

Try to help your animal lose weight Try to help your animal lose weight and be activeand be active

There are prescribed medications for There are prescribed medications for this diseasethis disease

Massages are able to allow muscles to Massages are able to allow muscles to heal and relax from the painheal and relax from the pain

Try to stay away from high intense Try to stay away from high intense playing involving jumping or fast playing involving jumping or fast runningrunning

Hip Dysplasia Hip Dysplasia

After surgery After surgery

The animal’sThe animal’s

muscles willmuscles will

Begin to healBegin to heal

themselvesthemselves

Comminuted/Simple breaksComminuted/Simple breaks

These are typically caused by These are typically caused by excessive pressure put onto the excessive pressure put onto the bones causeing breakagebones causeing breakage

When this happens you are to take When this happens you are to take them to the vet immediatelythem to the vet immediatelyThe vet will reduce the pain in the animalThe vet will reduce the pain in the animalThey will try to clean the wound and They will try to clean the wound and

apply antibiotics to keep infections from apply antibiotics to keep infections from setting insetting in

therethere

Types of bone breaksTypes of bone breaks

How treatments go for broken How treatments go for broken BonesBones

Bone plate and screwsBone plate and screwsPin in the legPin in the leg

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Bones and muscles have to work Bones and muscles have to work together really well in an animal’s together really well in an animal’s body for these reasons:body for these reasons:The muscles work with the bones to allow The muscles work with the bones to allow

movementmovementmuscles connect the bones with the muscles connect the bones with the

tissue needed to allow the skeletal tissue needed to allow the skeletal system to move their body partssystem to move their body parts

Muscles align the bones for posture and Muscles align the bones for posture and people move, breath, balance, and people move, breath, balance, and swallowingswallowing

Types Of Muscle GroupsTypes Of Muscle Groups

Involuntary Involuntary MusclesMuscles Muscles that don’t take Muscles that don’t take

thought to be movedthought to be moved

Voluntary MusclesVoluntary Muscles Muscles that take Muscles that take

electromagnetic pulses electromagnetic pulses from the brain to be flexed from the brain to be flexed to provide movement for to provide movement for the bodythe body

VocabularyVocabulary Radiology: A photograph taken when streams of x-rays pass Radiology: A photograph taken when streams of x-rays pass

through the body and expose film .through the body and expose film . Axial skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of skull and vertebrae , Axial skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of skull and vertebrae ,

ribs and serum.ribs and serum. Appendicular skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of limb bones .Appendicular skeleton: skeletal portion consisting of limb bones . Cranial drawer sign: diagnostic test for a torn cruciate ligament .Cranial drawer sign: diagnostic test for a torn cruciate ligament . X-Ray: electromagnetic radiation , which can pass through living X-Ray: electromagnetic radiation , which can pass through living

tissue .tissue . Radiology: study of radiographs .Radiology: study of radiographs . Simple fracture :clean bone break Simple fracture :clean bone break Compound ( Open) fracture : bone break which the bone Compound ( Open) fracture : bone break which the bone

punctures the skin .punctures the skin . Hip Displaysia: disease ball and socket joint resulting from a Hip Displaysia: disease ball and socket joint resulting from a

shallow rather than normally deep socket .shallow rather than normally deep socket .