The Muscular System Chapter 7 The Muscular System Chapter 7.
The Muscular System & The Skeletal System & Skin CRCT Coach Book: Pages 72-75.
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Transcript of The Muscular System & The Skeletal System & Skin CRCT Coach Book: Pages 72-75.
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The Muscular System&
The Skeletal System&
SkinCRCT Coach Book:
Pages 72-75
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• For humans and most other animals, movement is important for survival.
• Being able to move makes it possible to escape danger, get food, and to find a mate.
• Movement is made possible by the skeletal and muscular systems.
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The Skeletal System:
Purpose:
• supports the body and allows movement.
• It also protects internal organs, stores some materials, and makes blood cells
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2 Parts:
1. Axial: Skull & vertebral column
2. Appendicular: appendages
(arms, legs, hips & shoulders)
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Major Organs:• 206 bones (in humans)
• cartilage
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Bones• Did you know??Bones are living tissues that make up the
skeleton.
• Bones support the body.
• They are made up of bone cells surrounded by deposits of calcium and other minerals.
• A typical bone is surrounded by a tough layer of connective tissue.
• As blood passes through this layer, it supplies oxygen and nutrients to the bone
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Blood Marrow• Inside bones are cavities that contain a soft
tissue called bone marrow.
• Yellow marrow is made up mostly of fat cells.
• Red marrow produces red blood cells, some kinds of white blood cells, and platelets.
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Cartilage• The skeleton of a developing fetus begins as
cartilage. • Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue.• As the body develops, most of the cartilage in the
body is replaced by bone. • Some parts of the body where cartilage is not
replaced by bone include the lower part of the nose and the connective tissue that forms your ears.
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Cartilage continued…• Cartilage also remains at joints, the places where
two bones meet. • This cartilage helps cushion the joints. • Many long bones, such as those in the arms and
legs, have growth plates at their ends. At these plates, cartilage grows, making the bones longer.
• After a while, the new cartilage is replaced by bone. By early adulthood, the cartilage in the growth plates is replaced by bone. When this happens, the person stops growing.
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Joints• A joint is a place where one bone attaches to
another.
• Tough fibers called ligaments connect bones to each other at joints.
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Types of Joints• There are three main types of joints:
1. Immovable or fixed joint2. Slightly movable joint3. Freely moveable joints
• Each type of joint is described by the type of movement it allows.
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Immovable Joints• An immovable joint, or fixed joint, does not
allow movement.
• At this type of joint, the bones are locked together by connective tissue or fused together.
• The bones in the skull meet at immovable joints.
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Slightly Movable Joints• Slightly movable joints allow restricted
movement.
• The joints between adjacent vertebrae that protect the spinal cord are examples of slightly movable joints.
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Freely Movable Joints• Freely movable joints
allow movement in one or more directions.
• The four common types of freely movable joints are:
1. Ball and Socket Joint
2. Hinge Joint3. Pivot Joint4. Saddle Joint
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The Muscular SystemPurpose:
• The muscular system consists of the body’s muscles.
• One job of the muscular system is to work with the skeletal system to move the body.
• It also helps to: keep the body warm give the body shapeprovide the force
needed to move blood throughout the body.
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• There are about 600 muscles in the human body!!
• Two Main types:– Involuntary: you can not control them– Voluntary: you can control them
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Types of Muscle• There are three basic types of muscle tissue in
the human body:
1. skeletal muscle2. smooth muscle3. cardiac muscle
• Each type of muscle tissue plays a different role.
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Skeletal Muscle
• Muscle tissue that connects to the bones.
• Most skeletal muscles are consciously controlled by the central nervous system.
• These muscles are used for such movements as kicking a ball, lifting a fork, or turning the pages of a book.
• Skeletal muscles look striped because they have bands called striations. For this reason, skeletal muscle is also called striated muscle.
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Smooth Muscle • A type of muscle that is usually not under your
conscious, voluntary control.
• The stomach and the walls of veins are made up mostly of smooth muscle tissue.
• Smooth muscles do such things as moving food through the digestive tract.
• Smooth muscle cells are not striated.
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Cardiac Muscle• Cardiac muscle tissue makes up the
heart. – only in the heart. – Recall that the heart is a muscular organ
that pumps blood through the circulatory system.
• Cardiac muscle is striated, like skeletal muscle.
• However, cardiac muscle is not under your conscious or voluntary control. In this way, cardiac muscle is more like smooth muscle.
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Bones and Muscles: Working Together
• Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton by strips of connective tissue called tendons.
• The muscles are attached to bones in opposing pairs.– When one muscle contracts, or
tightens, it pulls the bone in one direction.
– The other muscle in the pair relaxes. – To return the bone it its original position,
the second muscle contracts, pulling the bone in the opposite direction, as the first muscle relaxes.
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SKIN
• Skin is the largest organ in the human body.
• Spread out, it covers 1.5 meters squared!
• Functions:1. Protection2. Maintain temperature3. Eliminate wastes4. Gather information5. Produce vitamin D
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2 Layers:
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Under the skin is a layer of fat
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Epidermis• Top layer• Mostly dead skin
cells• Protects the under
layers• Thinner than the
dermis• No nerves or blood
vessels Does contain melanin-pigment that gives skin it’s color
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Dermis• Thicker, underneath
layer
• Contains:– Blood vessels– Nerves– Sweat glands– Oil glands– Hair follicles