The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy? September 30, 1938 The Sudetenland ...
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Transcript of The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy? September 30, 1938 The Sudetenland ...
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The Munich Agreement: Nazi Aggression and Crisis of Democracy?
September 30, 1938The SudetenlandCzechoslovakia
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Hitler Used Wilson’s “14 Points”
World War INation-StateNational Self-
Determination
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Three Varieties of Ethnic Cleansing:
1.) taking away territory and giving it away based on national or ethnic composition (Munich Crisis);
2.) killing members of national or ethnic group (Nazi Holocaust);
3.) expelling members of national or ethnic group (post-war expulsions).
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Hitler
Germany
Chamberlain
Britain
Daladier
France
Beneš
Czechoslakia
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A Policy of AppeasementTo appease: “to pacify or
conciliate”
Or?
To appease: “to buy off an aggressor through concessions”
Appeasement Equals Weakness?
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Czechoslovakia: Created 1918 from Austria-Hungary (Habsburg Monarchy)
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President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Prague Castle
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The Pětka
Czech Agrarian Party
Czech National Democratic Party
Czech Social Democratic Party
Czech National Socialist Party
Czech Populist Party
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Where is the Sudetenland?
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Sudetenland Industry
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Sudetenland Fortifications
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Konrad Henlein
Sudenten-German National Front (1934)
Sudeten-German Party (1936)
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Anschluss: Nazi Takeover
of Austria (March 1938)
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Carlsbad Demands, April 24, 1938
1.) Restoration of complete equality of German national group with the Czech people; 2.) Recognition of the Sudeten German national group as a legal entity for the safeguarding of this position of equality within the State; 3.) Confirmation and recognition of the Sudeten German settlement area; 4.) Building up of Sudeten German self-government in the Sudeten German settlement area in all branches of public life insofar as questions affecting the interests and the affairs of the German national group are involved; 5.) Introduction of legal provisions for the protection of those Sudeten German citizens living outside the defined settlement area of their national group; 6.) Removal of wrong done to Sudeten German element since the year 1918, and compensation for damage suffered through this wrong; 7.) Recognition and enforcement of principle: German public servants in the German area; 8.) Complete freedom to profess adherence to the German element and German ideology.
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Hitler-Henlein Meeting, March 1938
“always demand so much that we will never be satisfied.”
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Three Meetings of Munich Crisis
1.) Berchtesgaden: September 15, 1938
2.) Bad Godesberg: September 22, 1938
3.) Munich: September 30, 1938
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Klement Gottwald and the Czechoslovak Communist Party
“Barefoot Ethiopians, without arms, defended themselves, and we yield.”
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German Liberation?
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Sudeten-German Reactions
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Ethnic Cleansing:Moving the Border and
Expelling the Czechs
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Nazi Takeover of Czechoslovakia
March 15, 1939
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Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; Slovakia
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Reinhard Heydrich
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Old Jewish Cemetery and Old-New Synagogue:
Hitler Planned to Make ThemMuseum of an Extinct and Vanished Race
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Lidice
Jaroslava Skleničková, b. 1926
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Post-War Retribution: Expulsion of 3-Million Germans
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“Peace in Our Time”: What Went Wrong?