The Moon
description
Transcript of The Moon
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A look at our nearest neighbor in Space!
The Moon
Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
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What is the Moon?
• A natural satellite• One of more than 96 moons in
our Solar System• The only moon of the planet
Earth
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Location, location, location!
• About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth
• 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)
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The Moon’s Surface
• No atmosphere• No liquid water• Extreme
temperatures– Daytime = 130C
(265°F)– Nighttime = -190C
(-310 F)
• 1/6 Earth’s gravity
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Lunar Features - Highlands
• Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall
• Rilles (trenchlike valleys)
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Lunar Features - Craters• Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across• Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon• Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon
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Lunar Features - Maria• Originally thought to be
“seas” by early astronomers
• Darkest parts of lunar landscape
• Filled by lava after crash of huge meteorites on lunar surface 3-4 billion years ago
• Mostly basalt rock
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Maria
Craters
Can you see the rays?
Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?
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Movements of the Moon
• Revolution – Moon orbits the Earth every 271/3 days
• The moon rises in the east and sets in the west
• The moon rises and sets 50 minutes later each day
• Rotation – Moon turns on its axis every 27 days
• Same side of Moon always faces Earth
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Far Side of the Moon• First seen by Luna 3
Russian space probe in 1959
• Surface features different from near side– More craters– Very few maria– Thicker crust
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It’s Just a Phase
• Moonlight is reflected sunlight
• Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light
• From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface
• The amount seen is called a “phase”
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Waxing and Waning
• New moon• Waxing Crescent moon• First Quarter moon• Waxing Gibbous moon• Full moon• Waning Gibbous moon• Third Quarter moon• Waning Crescent moon• New moon
earth
moon orbit`searth
last (third)quarter
gibbous moon
full moon
gibbous moon
first quarter
crescent
new moon
crescent
waning Moon
waxing Moon
SUN
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FULL
QUARTER
CRESCENT
GIBBOUS
FOUR MAIN SHAPES
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Earth
Moon
MoonPlane of earth’s orbit
Plane of lunar orbit
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Lunar Eclipses
• Moon moves into Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens the Moon– Umbra– Penumbra
• About 2-3 per year• Last up to 4 hours
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Solar Eclipses• Moon moves between
Earth and Sun• Moon casts a shadow
on part of the Earth• Total eclipses rare –
only once every 360 years from one location!
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The Tides
• Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth• High tide –
– Side facing Moon and side away from Moon– Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes
• Low tide –– On sides of Earth
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Exploring the Moon
• 1950s to 1960s - probes
• Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969
• Six Apollo missions (1969-1972)– 382 kg (842 lbs) rocks
• 12 Americans have walked on the moon
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When will we return?
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Moon base of the future?
• What would you need to live there?
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Name this phase!
Full MoonWhat time does this phase rise and set?
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Name these features.
Name these
features.
Craters
Maria
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Does this image show us the near side or far side of the moon?
Far SideHow can you tell?
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Is this line the limb or terminator?
Is this line the limb or terminator?
Limb
Terminator
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Name this phase!
First Quarter
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Name this phase!
Waxing Crescent
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Does this image show the near side or the far side of the moon?
Near Side
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Name this phase!
Waning Gibbous
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Name this phase!
Third Quarter
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From what direction does the moon rise?
The East
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Name this phase!
Waxing Gibbous
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Name this phase!
Waning Crescent
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What might be happening in this image?
Lunar Eclipse
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Is this line the limb or the terminator?
Limb
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Name this phase!
Look closely!
Waxing Gibbous
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True or False:
The Far Side and the Dark Side of the moon
are the same thing.
False!
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Name this phase!
Full Moon
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Name this phase!
New Moon
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Does the moon rise or set in the west?
It sets in the west.
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Name this phase!
Waning Gibbous
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Name this phase!
Waning Crescent
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Name this phase!
Waning Gibbous
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The Lunatic: Leesa Hubbard
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Photo resources• http://www.nasm.si.edu/apollo/AS15/a15images.h
tm• http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogall
ery-moon.html#apollo• http://clementine.cnes.fr/index.en.html• http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/pub/research/clemen/clem
en.html• http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0108/15mooncre
ate/• http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/
pxmoon.html
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More photo resources
• http://www.nrl.navy.mil/clementine/clemovies/clemovies_index.html
• http://www.solarviews.com/eng/moon.htm• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/620649.stm• http://skyandtelescope.com/observing/objects/ecli
pses/article_99_1.asp• http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/results/ice/eureka.htm• http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsyst
em/moon_nss_020604.html
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