The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.
-
Upload
winfred-scott -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.
![Page 1: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Monk who loved peasThe Monk who loved peas
How to Make a Living Thing
![Page 2: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gregor MendelGregor Mendel Monk, failed teacher, pea-lover, genetic genius From growing peas, Mendel noticed that
offspring did not always have the same traits as the parents
But then the parent’s trait would show up again in a “grandchild,” or 2nd generation
So Mendel began to experiment, attempting to grow peas with certain traits, or characteristics
![Page 3: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Proof is in the PeasThe Proof is in the Peas Peas were an excellent
choice for his research for two reasons
They can self-pollinate, creating offspring with the same traits as the parentOr, they can cross-pollinate with other peas
![Page 4: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The ExperimentThe Experiment Mendel looked at one
characteristic at a time (color, height, shape)
If a pea plant has a white flower, then it self-pollinates, you’ll have offspring with white flowers
What happens if a purple-flowered pea plant cross-pollinates a white-flowered pea plant?
![Page 5: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mendel’s DiscoveryMendel’s Discovery Mendel noticed the
offspring of a purple-flowered pea plant and a white one was always purple
BUT, the “grandchildren” or 2nd generation, would have 1 white-flowered pea plant for every three purple ones
![Page 6: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dominant TraitsDominant Traits
Dominant traits are the ones always showing up in the first generation
The purple-flowered pea plant
In a Punnett Square, dominant traits are symbolized by a capital letter
![Page 7: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Recessive TraitsRecessive Traits “Fade into the back”
The white-flowered pea plant
These traits reappear in the 2nd generation
MUST be paired with another recessive allele
R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr
![Page 8: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Incomplete DominanceIncomplete Dominance Sometimes, one trait is
NOT dominant over the other
Each allele provides some influence
Hair texture—curly, straight, and wavy—is an example in humans
![Page 9: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
GenesGenes The instructions for one
particular trait are called a gene
You have 2 forms of the same gene for every characteristic
1 from Mom, 1 from Dad Hair color, eye color,
height, hitchhiker’s thumb, etc.
![Page 10: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
AllelesAlleles The form of a trait given
by one parent
So, for each gene, you have 2 alleles
Either dominant (capital letter) or recessive (lower-case)
![Page 11: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Genotype and PhenotypeGenotype and Phenotype
·Both inherited traits form a genotype
--Aa; rr; etc.·The appearance of a
characteristic is the organism’s phenotype
--a purple flower; wrinkled peas; wavy hair
![Page 12: The Monk who loved peas How to Make a Living Thing.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e6a5503460f94b66f21/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Genetic Probability and PedigreesGenetic Probability and Pedigrees
Probability is the mathematical chance of an outcome
Aa x Aa has a 25% chance of getting aa as an outcome; 25% AA; 50% Aa
Pedigrees are like family trees for determining the probability of genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis