The Molecule of Life. What are the different DNA Nitrogen Bases 1.Purines – double ring structure....
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Transcript of The Molecule of Life. What are the different DNA Nitrogen Bases 1.Purines – double ring structure....
What are the different DNA What are the different DNA Nitrogen BasesNitrogen Bases
1.Purines – double ring structure. 1.Purines – double ring structure.
AdenineAdenine GuanineGuanine
2.Pyrimidines – single ring structures2.Pyrimidines – single ring structures
CytosineCytosine ThymineThymine
DNA StructureDNA Structure The DNA
structure is shaped like a spiral stair case:
Double helixDouble helix
JQ: Your pet dog stepped on
a sharp rock and got a cut. Be as detailed as you can in
explaining what happens next in the area of the
wound.
Need your textbooks!
General Ovewrview for DNA Replication
1. The two DNA strands separate (dark blue)
2. Each open strand serves as a template for the new strand (light blue)
3. Complimentary bases are added.
How is this all possible? What is doing the work?
What can you tell me/What do you notice aboutthis DNA?
Strands run in oppositeDirections - they areAntiparallel
5’ (five prime) end - hasPhosphate on end
3’ (three prime) end - hasHydroxyl group attached
DNA REPLICATION1. DNA Helicase (enzyme) splits open
double strand at origin and unwinds DNA. SSB’s keep the strand open.
2. RNA primase gets strand ready for DNA Polymerase (enzyme) to attaches free floating nucleotides in a 5’ to 3’ position on both strands. Stands are copied in one direction.
Leading Strand – is copied in one direction continuously.
DNA REPLICATION
Lagging Strand –is looped around and copied in fragments (okazaki fragments).
Okazaki fragments are linked together by an enzyme called ligase.
DNA Replication Stats• 1 strand of DNA ~ 150,000,000 base pairs
• 50 base pairs copied per second
• 834 molecules working at the same time!
• Humans have 46 pieces of DNA in their cells.
3. rRNA – ribosomal RNA, joined with proteins to make up the ribosome (protein factory of the cell)
Many, many, many enzymes are involved in this process as well.
Nucleic Acids - RNANucleic Acids - RNA
Monomer UnitMonomer Unit – Nucleotide – Nucleotide Ribose SugarRibose Sugar Phosphate GroupPhosphate Group Nitrogen BaseNitrogen Base
SugarN. Base
P
RNA Nitrogen BasesRNA Nitrogen Bases
1.Purines – double ring structure. 1.Purines – double ring structure.
AdenineAdenine GuanineGuanine
2.Pyrimidines – single ring structures2.Pyrimidines – single ring structures
RNA Nitrogen BasesRNA Nitrogen Bases
CytosineCytosine UracilUracil
Protein Synthesis StagesProtein Synthesis Stages
Transcription – the process of obtaining info. from the DNA on how to make the protein. DNA mRNA
Translation – the process of using the Translation – the process of using the information (mRNA) to construct the information (mRNA) to construct the protein. protein.
Now that we know how Now that we know how protein synthesis works, protein synthesis works,
what is the next what is the next question?question?
How is it controlled?How is it controlled?