The Mole
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The Mole Higher Chemistry, Unit 1
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The Mole. Higher Chemistry, Unit 1. The Mole. In Chemistry, what is a “mole”?. A mole is a measure of mass. If you have one mole of two different substances, they will have the same mass. If you have one mole of two different substances, they will have the same number of atoms in them. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Mole
The MoleHigher Chemistry, Unit 1
The Mole
• In Chemistry, what is a “mole”?
What is a mole,
anyway?
A mole is a measure of mass.
If you have one mole of two
different substances,
they will have the same mass.
If you have one mole of two
different substances, they
will have the same number of atoms in them.
The Mole • The formula mass of a substance in
grams.
Revision1. What is the mass of 1 mole of CuSO4?
2. What is the mass of 0.25 moles of ammonia?
3. How many moles are there in 5g of hydrogen fluoride?
Learning outcomes Success criteriaUnderstand what a mole is in terms of number.
Define the term mole (in terms of number).
State the value of one mole.
Given the formula of a substance, you can:
– determine how many moles of constituent parts it contains.– calculate the number of constituent parts it contains.
Understand what elementary entities are.
Name the three different types of elementary entity.
Given the name of substance (element or compound), you can name the type of elementary entity which makes it up.
The Mole revisited
The Mole revisited• DEFINITION: “One mole of any
substance contains the same number of elementary entities as there are in 12g of carbon-12”.
6.02 x 1023
Mole facts• 6.02 X 1023 blood cells: Would be
more than the total number of blood cells found in every human on earth.
• 6.02 X 1023 doughnuts: Would cover the Earth and be 5 miles (8 km) deep.
• 6.02 X 1023 pennies: Would make at least 7 stacks that would reach the moon.
Elementary entities
Elementary entities• The units that a substance is made up
of– Atoms– Molecules– Formula Units
Elementary entities
Structure Elementary entities
Examples
Monatomic
(Covalent) Molecule
(Covalent) Network
(Metallic) Lattice
(Ionic) Lattice
Atoms
Molecules
Atoms
Atoms
Formula Units
What type of elementary entity?1. Chlorine
2. Silicon dioxide
3. Fullerene
4. Graphite
5. Sodium chloride
6. Sodium
The Mole revisited• DEFINITION: “One mole of any
substance contains the same number of elementary entities as there are in 12g of carbon-12”.
• For carbon-12, the elementary entities are atoms.
• 6.02 x 1023
How many…1. Moles of molecules are in 1 mol F2?
2. Moles of atoms are in 1 mol F2?
3. Moles of molecules are in 2 mol CH4?
4. Moles of atoms are in 2 mol CH4?
5. Moles of formula units are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?
6. Moles of ions are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?
7. Moles of sodium ions are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?
8. Moles of electrons are in 0.75 mol magnesium ions?
How many…1. Molecules are in 1 mol F2?
2. Atoms are in 1 mol F2?
3. Molecules are in 2 mol CH4?
4. Atoms are in 2 mol CH4?
5. Formula units are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?
6. Ions are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?
7. Sodium ions are in 0.2 mol Na2SO4?8. Electrons are in 0.75 mol magnesium ions?
• How many molecules are in 78g F2?
• How many atoms are in 78g F2?
• How many molecules are in 8g CH4?
• How many atoms are in 8g CH4?
• How many formula units are in 35.5g Na2SO4?
• How many ions are in 35.5g Na2SO4?
• How many protons are in 35.5g chlorine gas?• How many electrons are in 50g magnesium?
Learning outcomes Success criteriaUnderstand what a mole is in terms of number.
Define the term mole (in terms of number).
State the value of one mole.
Given the formula of a substance, you can:
– determine how many moles of constituent parts it contains.– calculate the number of constituent parts it contains.
Understand what elementary entities are.
Name the three different types of elementary entity.
Given the name of substance (element or compound), you can name the type of elementary entity which makes it up.
What is a mole,
anyway?
A mole is a measure of mass.
If you have one mole of two
different substances,
they will have the same mass.
If you have one mole of two
different substances, they
will have the same number of atoms in them.
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Molar Volume
Learning outcomes Success criteriaUnderstand what is meant by molar volume.
You can define the term “molar volume”.
You can state the units.
You can state which two factors influences molar volume.
You can state the “molar volume rule”.
Be able to carry out calculations involving molar volume.
Molar volume• The volume occupied by 1 mole of a
gas.
• Units are l mol-1
• At a given temperature and pressure, one mole of any gas occupies the same volume.
Practice• How many atoms are there in a
balloon containing 500 cm3 helium gas?
Learning outcomes Success criteriaUnderstand what is meant by molar volume.
You can define the term “molar volume”.
You can state the units.
You can state which two factors influences molar volume.
You can state the “molar volume rule”.
Be able to carry out calculations involving molar volume.
Excess calculations
Mixed questions
