The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series

Jiann-Yang Hwang • Tao JiangMark William Kennedy • Dean GregurekShijie Wang • Baojun ZhaoOnuralp Yücel • Ender KeskinkilicJerome P. Downey • Zhiwei PengRafael PadillaEditors

9th International Symposiumon High-TemperatureMetallurgical Processing

123

Editors

ISSN 2367-1181 ISSN 2367-1696 (electronic)The Minerals, Metals & Materials SeriesISBN 978-3-319-72137-8 ISBN 978-3-319-72138-5 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72138-5

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017959922

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2018This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproductionon microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does notimply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws andregulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed tobe true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty,express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have beenmade. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer NatureThe registered company is Springer International Publishing AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Jiann-Yang HwangMichigan Technological UniversityHoughton, MIUSA

Tao JiangCentral South UniversityChangshaChina

Mark William KennedyProval Partners SALausanneSwitzerland

Dean GregurekRHI AGLeobenAustria

Shijie WangRio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper CorpSouth Jordan, UTUSA

Baojun ZhaoThe University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLDAustralia

Onuralp YücelIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Ender KeskinkilicAtilim UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Jerome P. DowneyMontana Tech of the University of MontanaButte, MTUSA

Zhiwei PengCentral South UniversityChangshaChina

Rafael PadillaUniversity of ConcepciónConcepciónChile

Preface

This book features selected papers presented at the 9th International Symposium onHigh-Temperature Metallurgical Processing organized in conjunction with the TMS2018 Annual Meeting & Exhibition in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. More than 125abstracts were submitted. Among them, 74 were selected for oral presentation and45 were provided with a poster presentation opportunity. After reviewing the 86submitted manuscripts, 83 of them were accepted for publication on this book.

As the title of symposium suggests, the interests of the symposium is on thermalprocessing of minerals, metals, and materials that intends to promote physical andchemical transformations of materials to enable the extraction and production ofvaluable materials such as metals, alloys, ceramics, and compounds.

The symposium was open to participants from both industry and academia andfocused on innovative high-temperature technologies including those based onnontraditional heating methods as well as their environmental aspects such ashandling and treatment of emission gases and by-products. Becausehigh-temperature processes require high energy input to sustain the temperature atwhich the processes take place, the symposium addressed the needs for sustainabletechnologies with reduced energy consumption and reduced emission of pollutants.The symposium also welcomed contributions on thermodynamics and kinetics ofchemical reactions and phase transformations that take place at elevatedtemperatures.

We hope the book will serve as a reference for both new and current metal-lurgists, particularly those who are actively engaged in exploring innovative tech-nologies and routes that lead to more energy efficient and environmental sustainablesolutions.

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There could not be this book without contributions from the authors of includedpapers, time and effort that reviewers dedicated to the manuscripts, and help fromthe publisher. We thank them all! We also want to thank Mr. Mingjun Rao andMrs. Feng Chen for their assistance in collating the submitted abstracts andmanuscripts.

Jiann-Yang HwangTao Jiang

Mark William KennedyDean Gregurek

Shijie WangBaojun Zhao

Onuralp YücelEnder KeskinkilicJerome P. Downey

Zhiwei PengRafael Padilla

vi Preface

Contents

Part I Energy-Efficient and Clean Metallurgical Technology

Simplified Process for Making Anode Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Zhi Wang, Haibin Wang, Xueyi Guo, Zhixiang Cui and Baojun Zhao

Techno-economic Analysis of Energy Recovery fromPlastic Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Maryam Ghodrat and Bijan Samali

Development of Continuous Blast Furnace Slag SolidificationProcess for Coarse Aggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Yasutaka Ta, Hiroyuki Tobo, Hisahiro Matsunaga and Keiji Watanabe

An Innovative Oxygen-Enriched Flash Smelting Technologyfor Lead Smelting and Its Industrial Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Yongqiang Chen and Peng Xing

Characteristics and Control Technology of Fine ParticulateMatter (PM) in Iron Ore Sintering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Tie-jun Chun, Dong-sheng Li, Chao Ning, Zhen Wangand Hong-ming Long

Sintering Surface Spraying Steam to Reduce NOx and DioxinEmissions in Shougang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Yuandong Pei, Sibin Zhang, Shengli Wu, Jiangshan Shi, Zhengyun Fan,Zhixing Zhao and Youhao Yin

Part II Simulation and Modeling of High TemperatureMetallurgical Process

Neural Prediction Model for Extraction of Germanium from ZincOxide Dust by Microwave Alkaline Roasting-Water Leaching . . . . . . . . 61Wankun Wang and Fuchun Wang

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Simulation of Velocity Field of Molten Steel in ElectricArc Furnace Steelmaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Ze-shi Yang, Ling-zhi Yang, Yu-feng Guo, Guang-sheng Weiand Ting Cheng

Thermodynamic Modelling of Magnesium-Oxide, Calcium-Oxideand Strontium-Oxide Reduction Systems via Pidgeon Process . . . . . . . . 81M. Bugdayci, K. C. Tasyurek and Onuralp Yücel

Metallization and Carburization Kinetics in DR Shaft Furnaces:The METCARB Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Edelink Efrain Tinoco Falero, Jose Carlos D’Abreuand Mauricio Marcos Otaviano

CFD Modeling of Flow and Chemical Reactions in a SubmergedLance Copper Smelting Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Guangwu Tang, Kaile Tang, Armin K. Silaen, Hongjie Yan, Zhixiang Cui,Zhi Wang, Haibin Wang, Ping Zhou and Chenn Q. Zhou

Numerical Simulation of Ultrasound-Induced CavitationBubbling in a Calcium Ferrite Melt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Ruirui Wei, Xuewei Lv and Mingrui Yang

Part III Alloys and Materials Preparation

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Carbide Ceramics Via Reductionof Anion-Loaded Activated Carbon Precursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Grant C. Wallace, Jerome P. Downey, Jannette Chorney,Katie Schumacher and Alaina Mallard

Production of Lithium-Ion Cathode Material for AutomotiveBatteries Using Melting Casting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Delin Li, Wojciech Kasprzak, Gregory S. Patience, Pierre Sauriol,Hernando Villazón Amarís, Mickaël Dollé, Michel Gauthier,Steeve Rousselot, Majid Talebi-Esfandarani, Thomas Bibienne,Xueliang Sun, Yulong Liu and Guoxian Liang

Part IV Fundamental Research on High TemperatureMetallurgical Processing

Degradation Mechanisms of Refractories in a Bottom BlownCopper Smelting Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Mao Chen, Zhixiang Cui, Chuandong Wei and Baojun Zhao

Reaction Routes of CaO–Fe2O3–TiO2 and Calcium Ferrite–TiO2

System in Continuous Heating Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Chengyi Ding, Xuewei Lv, Gang Li, Chenguang Bai, Senwei Xuan,Kai Tang and Yang Xu

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Thermodynamic Calculations on Electric Furnace SmeltingSeparation of Chromium-Bearing Vanadium Titanium Magnetite . . . . . 167Wenchao He, Xuewei Lv, Yu Zhang and Xueqin Li

Preparation for High Activity Degree Lime and Effect onDesulfurization of Hot Metal Pretreatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Suju Hao, Jiann-Yang Hwang, Wufeng Jiang and Yuzhu Zhang

Part V Extraction and Recovery of Metals

Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material:An Industry Overlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Camille Fleuriault

Recovery of Aluminium and Its Compounds with Hydroand Pyrometalurgical Methods from Non-metallic Residue . . . . . . . . . . 199Osman Halil Celik, Onuralp Yücel and Hakan Morcali

Purification of Molten Zinc Chloride-Alkali Chlorideby Cementation Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Gen Kamimura and Hiroyuki Matsuura

Thermodynamic Analysis of Smelting of Spent Catalystsfor Recovery of Platinum Group Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Zhiwei Peng, Zhizhong Li, Xiaolong Lin, Yutian Ma, Yan Zhang,Yuanbo Zhang, Guanghui Li and Tao Jiang

Preparation of Titanium Foams Through Direct Electrolysisof the Sintered CaO-TiO2 in Molten Salt CaCl2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Zhengfeng Qu, Meilong Hu, Leizhang Gao, Pingsheng Laiand Chenguang Bai

Experimental Study on Oxidative Desulfurization and SelectiveReduction of Molten Copper Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Wang Yun, Zhu Rong and Chen Qizhou

Recycling SiO2 and Al2O3 from the Laterite Nickel Slagin Molten Sodium Hydroxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Donggen Fang, Jilai Xue and Liu Xuan

Removal of Sulfur from Copper Dross Generatedby Refining Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Baoqiang Xu, Xutao Guo, Yong Deng, Heng Xiong, Bin Yang,Dachun Liu and Wenlong Jiang

Part VI Treatment and Recycling of Metallurgical Slag/Solid Wastes

Recovery of Fe–Cu Alloys from Copper Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Mario Sánchez, José Palacios and Fernando Parada

Contents ix

Physicochemical Properties of High Alumina Blast Furnace Slag . . . . . 279Zhiming Yan, Zhengde Pang, Xue-wei Lv, Guibao Qiuand Chenguang Bai

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Acidolysis of Titania Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Yu Zhang, Zhixiong You, Jinsheng Wang, Xuewei Lv and Jie Dang

Structural Analysis of Germanium (Ge)-Containing FerrousCalcium Silicate Magnesia Slag for Applications of BlackCopper Smelting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295M. A. H. Shuva, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. A. Brooks, S. H. Masoodand M. A. Reuter

Selective Recovery of P and Mn from Steelmaking Slag byCarbothermic Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305Dong Jun Shin, Xu Gao, Shigeru Ueda and Shin-ya Kitamura

The Use of Zirconia-Based Solid Electrolytes Oxygen Sensorfor High Titanium Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Kai Hu, Run Zhang and Xuewei Lv

In-situ Observation of the Precipitation Behavior of a Dy2O3

Containing Slag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Fei Wang, Bin Yang, Bart Blanpain and Muxing Guo

Recovery of Zn and Mn from Spent Alkaline Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Guozhu Ye, Marcel Magnusson, Pekka Väänänen and Yang Tian

Part VII Ironmaking, Steelmaking and Casting

Optimization of Exothermic Riser Sleeve Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . 345Onuralp Yücel, Ahmet Turan and K. Can Candeğer

Assessment of Gas-Slag-Metal Interaction During a ConverterSteelmaking Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Lingling Cao, Yannan Wang, Qing Liu, Lefei Sun, Sangsang Liao,Weida Guo, Keshe Ren, Bart Blanpain and Muxing Guo

On the Role of Nb on the Texture and Microstructure of a NovelAs-Rolled Medium Carbon Wear Resistant Slurry Pipeline Steel . . . . . 365Vahid Javaheri, Tun Tun Nyo and David Porter

A Statistical Analysis of Process Abnormalities in Slab Casting . . . . . . . 381Ender Keskinkilic

Effect of Density Difference on Particle Segregation Behaviors atBell-Less Top Blast Furnace with Parallel-Type Hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Yang Xu, Kaihui Ma, Chengfeng Sun, Zhehan Liao, Jian Xu,Liangying Wen and Chenguang Bai

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The Effect of Austenitizing Temperature on Hardenability,Precipitation and Mechanical Properties of BoronBearing Cr–Mo Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Yaxu Zheng, Fuming Wang, Changrong Li, Dan Wu, Xi Chenand Shuai Liu

Part VIII Agglomeration and Direct Reductionof Complex Iron Ores

Study on Direct Reduction Melting Separation-Leaching Processof Disposal Rare Earth Composite Iron Ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Ma Tengfei, She Xuefeng, Feng FU and Wang Jingsong

Reduction Behavior of Garnierite Using Methane byRoasting-Magnetic Separation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Bo Li, Yindong Yang, Mansoor Barati, Alexander McLeanand Yonggang Wei

Effect of Calculation Method of CaO Addition on Liquid PhaseFluidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Lixin Qian, Tiejun Chun, Zhengwei Yu, Huan Wang, Yifan Wangand Hongming Long

Effect of Carbon Coating on Magnetite Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Wufeng Jiang, Jiann-Yang Hwang, Suju Hao and Yuzhu Zhang

Optimization Method for Iron Ore Blending Basedon the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Blended Ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Ning Li, Jiaxin Li, Hongming Long, Tiejun Chun, Gutian Muand Zhengwei Yu

Study on Direct Reduction of Low-Grade Iron Ore-CoalMini-pellets in Coal-Based Rotary Kiln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Zhikai Liang, Zhucheng Huang, Lingyun Yi and Ronghai Zhong

Part IX Poster Session I

Controlled Synthesis of TiC Nanoparticles Using Solid OxideMembrane Technology in Molten CaCl2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Kai Zheng, Xingli Zou, Xionggang Lu, Shangshu Li, Yinshuai Wangand Zhongya Pang

Effect of Chemical Components of Mould Flux on DissolutionRate of Al2O3 into Molten Flux for High ManganeseHigh Aluminum Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Kun-peng Xu, Ya-bing Zhang, Qian Wang and Sheng-ping He

Contents xi

Effect of Temperature on Oxidation Behavior of Cr–Mo–V Steelwith Different Cr Contents for High-Speed Train Brake Discs . . . . . . . 503Dan Wu, Fuming Wang, Changrong Li, Yaxu Zheng and Wei Shen

Electrochemical Preparation of Ti5Si3/TiC Composite fromTitanium-Rich Slag in Molten CaCl2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Shangshu Li, Xingli Zou, Xionggang Lu, Kai Zheng, Xin Liand Yinshuai Wang

Evolution of Al-Ti-Mg-O Inclusions During Refiningand Casting Process of Interstitial Free Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Pengcheng Xiao, Xiaoyan Wu, Qingjun Zhang, Yihua Hanand Liguang Zhu

Experimental Study on Carburization of HigherVanadium-Bearing Hot Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Deng Ma

Hematite Precipitation from High Iron Solutionin Hydrometallurgy Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547Zhigan Deng, Chang Wei, Xingbin Li, Cunxiong Li, Gang Fanand Minting Li

Influence on the Crystallization Phase of Mold Fluxby Magnetic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Lu-ming Zhao, Yu Wang and Li Zhao

Kinetics Study on Limestone Decomposition in EarlyConverter Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569Nan Wang, Haohua Deng, Min Chen, Ming Chen, Ying Wangand Cuihuan Huang

Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Converter Slagging andSteelmaking Process by Replacing Part of Lime with Limestone . . . . . . 581Haohua Deng, Nan Wang, Min Chen, Lei Xu and Jianhua Xin

Research of Digital Platform and Process Guidance Modelin EAF Steelmaking Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591Ling-zhi Yang, Rong Zhu, Kai Dong and Guang-sheng Wei

Research on Factors Affecting and Prediction Modelof Silicon Content in Hot Metal of COREX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601Bingjie Wen, Shengli Wu, Heng Zhou, Jiacong Zhang and Kai Gu

Study of the Cooling Effect of CO2 on the Temperatureof Vanadium in a Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Zheng-Lei Guo, Yu Wang, Wei-Tong Du and Shu-Chao Wang

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Study on Grain Size and Porosity of the Produced Lime fromLimestone in Early Converter Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623Guangzong Zhang, Nan Wang, Min Chen, Haohua Deng and Xiaoao Li

Study on Reducing Al2O3 Inclusions by Optimized Refining Slag . . . . . 633Jun Wang, Guang-liang Wu and Ming-feng Ye

Study on the Volatilization of Sb2S3 in Vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643Heng Xiong, Zhengen Zhou, Bin Yang, Dachun Liu, Baoqiang Xu,Yong Deng and Jia Yang

The Effects of ZrO2, Y2O3 and Sc2O3 on the Properties of MouldFluxes for High Manganese High Aluminum Steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Shaoda Zhang, Qian Wang, Lilong Zhu and Shengping He

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study of the CalcificationRoasting of Vanadium Slag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663Junyi Xiang, Qingyun Huang, Wei Lv, Xuewei Lv and Chenguang Bai

Viscosity of Mould Flux Under Electromagnetic Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Li Zhao, Yu Wang and Lu-ming Zhao

Part X Poster Session II

Analysis of Microwave Drying Behavior of Nickel Laterite . . . . . . . . . . 691Wei Lv, Junyi Xiang, Jinsheng Wang, Xueming Lv, Xuewei Lvand Chenguang Bai

Analysis of Operational Parameters Affecting the Degree ofMetallization of DRI in a Reduction Shaft of the COREXProcess and Improvement Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Shengli Wu, Jiacong Zhang, Mingyin Kou, Bingjie Wen and Heng Zhou

Dechlorination of Zinc Oxide Dust by Microwave Roasting with RSMOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Aiyuan Ma, Tingfang Xie, Guojiang Li, Xuemei Zheng, Libo Zhangand Jinhui Peng

Effect of TiO2 on the Viscous Behavior of High Alumina Blast FurnaceSlag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725Zhiming Yan, Zhengde Pang, Xue-wei Lv, Guibao Qiuand Chenguang Bai

Fundamental Research on the Iron Nugget Process from CarbonComposite Pellet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735Shihan Zhang, Guang Wang, Yaxing Du, Jingsong Wangand Qingguo Xue

Contents xiii

Influence of Coke Quality on Main Technical Indexesof Blast Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745Kai Gu, Shengli Wu, Mingyin Kou, Heng Zhou, Laixin Wang, Shun Yaoand Binbin Du

Kinetic Analysis of Blast Furnace Dust Recycling with FlashReduction Process at High Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753Jin Xu, Jianhua Xin, Nan Wang, Min Chen, Hui Li and Ming Chen

Preparation and Characterization of Iron-Coke Briquette . . . . . . . . . . . 765Peiye Yan and Huiqing Tang

Preparation of Oxidized Pellets with Chrome Ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775Ming-feng Ye and Guang-liang Wu

Research and Application of Sintering Surface Steam SprayingTechnology for Energy Saving and Quality Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . 785Yuandong Pei, Jun Xiong, Shengli Wu, Shuhai Ou, Huaiying Ma,Zhixing Zhao and Jiangshan Shi

Study on Bonding Mechanism of Sinter Grate Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Yuandong Pei, Zhengming Cheng, Haijun Kang, Shaoguo Chen, Wen Pan,Zhixing Zhao, Jiangshan Shi, Yaosheng Luo and Shengli Wu

Optimizing Iron Ore Matching for Sintering Based on HighTemperature Characteristic Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Yong Zhao, Keng Wu, Wen-long Zhan, Chun-en Zhu and Xiao-dong Du

Mineral Composition and Microstructure Changes of Iron Ore SinterDuring the Gas-Solid Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817Xia Zhao, Ze-jun Ma, Yan-juan Yang, Yong Zhao and Wen Pan

Roasting Kinetics of Molybdenite Concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827Selcuk Kan, Kagan Benzesik and Onuralp Yücel

Study on Influences of Different Ti-Bearing Materials onMgO-Bearing Pellets Metallurgical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833Yan Zhang, Gele Qing, Wenbin Huang, Yunqing Tian, Wenwang Liu,Ming Li, Luyao Zhao, Li Ma and Haoyu Cai

Supergravity Separation of Pb and Sn from Waste Printed CircuitBoards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843Long Meng, Zhe Wang, Yiwei Zhong, Kuiyuan Chen and Zhancheng Guo

The Effect of Temperature and Additive on Transport andTransformation of P of High-Phosphorus Iron Ore DuringCarbothermic Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855Yuanyuan Zhang, Qingguo Xue, Guang Wang and Jingsong Wang

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Thermodynamic Calculations on Direct Reduction ofChromium-Bearing Vanadium Titanium Magnetite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Wenchao He, Xuewei Lv, Xueqin Li and Yu Zhang

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877

Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881

Contents xv

About the Editors

Jiann-Yang (Jim) Hwang is a Professor in theDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering atMichigan Technological University. He is also theChief Energy and Environment Advisor at the WuhanIron and Steel Group Company, a Fortune Global 500company. He has been the Editor-in-Chief of theJournal of Minerals and Materials Characterizationand Engineering since 2002. He has founded severalenterprises in areas including water desalination andtreatment equipment, microwave steel production,chemicals, fly ash processing, antimicrobial materials,and plating wastes treatment. Several universities havehonored him as a Guest Professor, including theCentral South University, University of Science andTechnology Beijing, Chongqing University, KunmingUniversity of Science and Technology, and HebeiUnited University.

He received his B.S. degree from National ChengKung University in 1974, M.S. in 1980, and Ph.D. in1982, both from Purdue University. He joinedMichigan Technological University in 1984 and hasserved as its Director of the Institute of MaterialsProcessing from 1992 to 2011 and the Chair of MiningEngineering Department in 1995. He has been a TMSmember since 1985. His research interests include thecharacterization and processing of materials and theirapplications. He has been actively involved inthe areas of separation technologies, pyrometallurgy,

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microwaves, hydrogen storages, ceramics, recycling,water treatment, environmental protection, biomateri-als, and energy and fuels. He has more than 28 patentsand has published more than 200 papers. He haschaired the Materials Characterization Committee andthe Pyrometallurgy Committee in TMS and has orga-nized several symposiums. He is the recipient of TMSTechnology Award and the Michigan Tech Bhata RathResearch Award.

Tao Jiang received his M.S. in 1986 and Ph.D. in1990, both from Central South University ofTechnology. He subsequently joined the university andserved as an assistant professor (1990–1992) and fullprofessor (1992–2000). From 2000 to 2003, he was aVisiting Scientist to the Department of MetallurgicalEngineering, the University of Utah. Since 2003, hehas been a Professor in the School of MineralsProcessing & Bioengineering at Central SouthUniversity. He has been Specially Appointed Professorof Chang Jiang Scholar Program of China since 2008and dean of the school since 2010.

His research interests include agglomeration anddirect reduction of iron ores and extraction of refrac-tory gold ores. He has undertaken more than 50 pro-jects from the government and industry, includingNational Science Fund for Distinguished YoungScholars Program. He and coworkers invented thedirect reduction process of composite binder pellets,and three plants were set up in China based on theinvention. He proposed the innovative compositeagglomeration process of iron ore fines, which was putinto production in Baotou Steel Company, China. Heis actively involved in the areas of utilization of non-traditional ferrous resources such as complex ores andvarious solid wastes. He has published 340 technicalpapers, 6 books including Direct Reduction ofComposite Binder Pellets and Use of DRI, Principle &Technology of Agglomeration of Iron Ores, Chemistryof Extractive Metallurgy of Gold, Electrochemistryand Technology of Catalytical Leaching of Gold. Heholds 39 patents and has made more than 35 confer-ence presentations.

xviii About the Editors

Mark William Kennedy is the Chief TechnologyOfficer of Proval Partners of Lausanne Switzerland andpart-time Associate Professor at NTNU in Trondheim,Norway. He has a Ph.D. from NTNU and Licentiatedegree from KTH in Stockholm, Sweden, both inMaterials Science and Engineering, and related toelectromagnetic phenomena in metallurgical systems.He also holds a master’s degree in MetallurgicalEngineering from McGill in Montreal, Quebec, and abachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from theUniversity of Waterloo, Ontario. He has previouslyworked for Noranda and Falconbridge (both nowGlencore), and Elkem, working in research anddevelopment, engineering projects, and plant opera-tions. He has experience with Cu, Ni, Zn, ferro-alloys,Si, Al, and Mg. He has extensive background in thedevelopment and commercialization of new metallur-gical technologies including associated financial risks.He is highly knowledgeable about the thermal andelectrical behavior of various smelting furnaces andtheir simulation using finite element modeling, as wellas the design and optimization of metallurgical pro-cesses using flowsheet simulation software.

Dean Gregurek is a Senior Mineralogist in theRHI AG Technology Center, Leoben, Austria, since2001. He received his master of science degree at theUniversity of Graz in 1995 and his doctorate degree inApplied Mineralogy from the University of Leoben in1999. Prior to RHI, he worked two years for LuzenacEurope in the talc business. His current researchinterests and technical expertise are focused onchemical and mineralogical studies related to interac-tions between refractories, molten metals, and slagsfrom pyrometallurgical furnaces. He has been a TMSmember since 2012, JOM advisor (2014–2017),vice-chair for the Pyrometallurgy Committee, and aco-organizer for the 7th–9th International Symposiumon High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing (TMSAnnual Meetings 2016–2018).

About the Editors xix

Shijie Wang is a Principal Advisor at the Rio TintoKennecott Utah Copper in Salt Lake City. He has beenactive in extractive metallurgy and has 30 years ofexperience and expertise in metallurgical processdevelopment, existing operation optimization, andtroubleshooting. His work interests include extractiveand process metallurgy, recycling, waste treatment,metal recovery, operational efficiency, and profitabil-ity. He holds three U.S. patents, and he has publishedmore than 40 journal papers including nonferrousmetals’, precious metals’, rare metals’, and rare earthmetals’ resourcefulness and recoveries. He receivedB.S. degree in mineral process from China, M.S.degree, and Ph.D. degree in metallurgical engineeringfrom the University of Nevada, Reno. He has beenvery active in TMS since 1991 and is the former chairof the Hydrometallurgy and ElectrometallurgyCommittee of TMS from 2011 to 2013. He has beenthe lead and co-organizer of six symposia at theinternational conferences through TMS. He receivedthe TMS Extraction & Processing Division (EPD)Distinguished Service Award in 2017.

Baojun Zhao is Codelco-Fangyuan Professor in theSchool of Chemical Engineering at The Universityof Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. His primary fieldsof research are fundamental investigations ofhigh-temperature processes. He has developed a numberof novel research techniques to enable high-temperatureproperties of the complex oxide systems to be accuratelydetermined. Systematic studies have been undertaken todirectly support industrial operations of copper, zinc,lead, ferroalloys, iron, and steel. Development of newrefractory materials related to high-temperature pro-cesses is also important in his research.

He has received a number of international awards todemonstrate his high-quality research including SpriggsPhase Equilibria Award from The American CeramicSociety, BillitonGoldMedal from Institute ofMaterials,Minerals andMining, UK,Non-Ferrous PyrometallurgyBest Paper Award from Metallurgical Society of CIM,Canada and Science and Technology Progress Awardfrom Chinese Society of Non-ferrous Metals, China. Hehas long-term collaborations with international

xx About the Editors

metallurgical companies including Baosteel, Codelco,Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals, Hesteel, RioTinto Iron Ore, Shougang and Luzhong Refractories.

Onuralp Yücel completed his technical educationwitha Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering from IstanbulTechnical University (ITU) where he is currently hold-ing the post of Professor since 2002. He was a VisitingScientist in Berlin Technical University between 1987and 1988. He carried out postdoctoral studies at NewMexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro,USA, between 1993 and 1994. He has as many as 250publications/presentations to his credit, which includetopics such as technological developments in the pro-duction of wide range of metals, ferroalloys, advancedceramic powders, and application of carbothermic andmetallothermic processes, among others. He was theVice Chairman of ITU, Metallurgical and MaterialsEngineering Department (MMED), between 2004 and2007. He has been a Director of ITU, Applied ResearchCenter of Material Science & Production Technologies,between 2006 and 2012. He is currently the Chairman ofITU, MMED.

He is a member of the international advisory board ofInternational Symposium on Boron, Borides andRelated Materials (ISBB), International Symposium onSelf Propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS),and International Metallurgy and Materials Congress(IMMC).

His areas of interest include:Pyrometallurgy: Pretreatment of concentrates (pro-

duction of WO3, Sb2O3, As2O3, MoO3), smelting andreduction of slags, production ferroalloys, alloys andmetals carbothermic and metallothermic processes inEAF or in ladle (copper, cobalt, vanadium, chromium,ferroboron, cobalt boron, nickel boron, ferromolybde-num, ferromanganese, silicomanganese, ferrovana-dium, ferrotungsten, ferrochromium, nickel-chromium-molybdenum-iron, and aluminum-titanium-boronalloys).

Ceramic Powder Production and Processing:Production of carbide, nitride, boride powders and theirprocessing by explosive consolidation or sinteringtechniques. (B4C, TiB2, ZrB2, SiC, CrB2).

About the Editors xxi

Beneficiation of Industrial Wastes: Production ofmetals and compounds from galvanizing ash, brassproduction wastes and vanadium sludges producedaluminum production. Grit production from aluminum,copper and steel slags.

Ender Keskinkilic earned his undergraduate degreefrom the Department of Metallurgical and MaterialsEngineering of Middle East Technical University(METU), Ankara (the capital city of Turkey) in 1999.He continued M.S. and Ph.D. studies in the samedepartment. He worked as a research assistant inMETU between 1999 and 2003. After receiving themaster’s degree in 2001, he progressed further in thefield of extractive metallurgy. During the Ph.D. period,he moved to Eregli-Zonguldak in 2003 and he workedin Quality Metallurgy & RD Department of Eregli Ironand Steel Works Co. (ERDEMIR), which is the lead-ing steel company in Turkey regarding the qualitiesproduced and the production capacity. After earninghis Ph.D. degree in 2007, he returned to university andto work in the Department of Metallurgical andMaterials Engineering of Atilim University, Ankara, in2008. He has been working as a faculty in Atilim sincethen. He was assistant professor between 2009 and2014. He has been working as an associate professorsince 2014. His primary field of interest is extractivemetallurgy and more specifically pyrometallurgicalprocesses such as iron- and steelmaking, ladle metal-lurgy, ferroalloy production, and nonferrous extractivemetallurgy.

Jerome P. (Jerry) Downey earned his Ph.D. inMetallurgical and Materials Engineering at ColoradoSchool of Mines and his B.S. and M.S. degrees inMetallurgical Engineering at Montana Tech. He is aregistered professional engineer with active licenses inColorado and Montana. He has over 40 years of pro-fessional experience that includes industrial operations,applied process research and development, and cor-porate management. His technical expertise includeschemical and metallurgical thermodynamics, thermalprocessing, materials synthesis and processing, andhazardous materials treatment.

xxii About the Editors

He is presently the Goldcorp Professor of ExtractiveMetallurgy at Montana Tech. He also serves as thecampus Director of the Montana University SystemMaterials Science Ph.D. program. His research effortsare currently focused on the study of fundamentalproperties of slags, molten salts, and glasses; vaporphase extraction and refining of rare earth elements;and synthesis of nonoxide ceramic compounds forenergy applications. Other research interests includepyro- and hydrometallurgical process development,polymer and biomass gasification, and wastewatertreatment.

Zhiwei Peng is an Associate Professor in the Schoolof Minerals Processing and Bioengineering at CentralSouth University. He received his B.E. and M.S.degrees from Central South University in 2005 and2008, respectively, and his Ph.D. degree in MaterialsScience and Engineering from MichiganTechnological University in 2012. His research inter-ests include heat transfer in microwave heating,dielectric characterization of materials, nonthermalmicrowave effects, extractive metallurgy, computa-tional electromagnetics, microwave absorbing materi-als, and biomaterials.

He has published 102 papers, including 71peer-reviewed articles in multiple journals such asInternational Materials Reviews, Metallurgical andMaterials Transactions A,Metallurgical and MaterialsTransactions B, JOM, Journal of Cleaner Production,Journal of Power Sources, Fuel ProcessingTechnology, Energy & Fuels, IEEE Transactions onMagnetics, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement, Ceramics International, and Annals ofMedicine. He has served as a reviewer for a number ofjournals and been on the editorial board of the Journalof Minerals and Materials Characterization andEngineering, since 2012. He received a TMS TravelGrant Award for the 141st TMS Annual Meeting &Exhibition, the Doctoral Finishing Fellowship andDean’s Award for Outstanding Scholarship ofMichigan Technological University in 2012, and theBhakta Rath Research Award of MichiganTechnological University in 2013.

About the Editors xxiii

He is an active member of The Minerals, Metals &Materials Society (TMS). He has co-organized 7 TMSsymposia (Characterization of Minerals, Metals andMaterials in 2013–2018; and the 9th InternationalSymposium on High-Temperature MetallurgicalProcessing in 2018) and cochaired 14 TMS symposiasessions since 2012. He is a member of thePyrometallurgy and Materials Characterization com-mittees, the chair of the Continuing EducationSub-Committee of the Materials CharacterizationCommittee, a JOM advisor for the PyrometallurgyCommittee, and a winner of the TMS EPD YoungLeaders Professional Development Award in 2014.

Rafael Padilla received his Ph.D. and M.Sc. degreesin Metallurgy from the University of Utah in 1984 and1977, respectively, and Professional Engineering Titleas Metallurgical Engineer from the TechnicalUniversity of Oruro, Bolivia, in 1975. He joined theDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, Universityof Concepcion, Chile, in 1986, where he currentlyholds the rank of full Professor. His present researchinterest is on the vaporization of minor elementsarsenic, antimony, and bismuth from sulfide concen-trates at roasting and smelting temperatures, and theremoval and recovery of impurities from refractorychalcopyrite–enargite concentrates by pressure andatmospheric leaching.

xxiv About the Editors