Copy 3 FM 19-5ENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

Sbtm US Army ULbrary & Ubrq Depot:ldg. M 13 - 14

Presido d San Francisco, Catif 5(12

THE

MILITARY POLICEMAN

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

NOVEMBER 1969

'FM 19-5

FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYNo. 19-5 ) WASHINGTON, D.C. 26 November 1969

THE MILITARY POLICEMAN

Paragraph PageCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND

HISTORY .- 1-1-1-8 32. MP PERSONNEL, OR-

GANIZATIONS, ANDFACILITIES - . .... 2-1-2-8 11

3. STANDARDS, UNI-FORMS ANDEQUIPMENT - - 3--3-1-3-6 21

4. COMMUNITY RELA-TIONS -- --- 4-1- 46 31

5. MILITARY POLICEPATROLS ANDFIXED POSTS 5-1-5-8 37

6. APPREHENSION, RE-STRAINT ANDDETENTION - 6-1-6-14 45

7. INVESTIGATIVEACTIVITIES

Section I. Assisting Investigators - 7-1, 7-2 79II. Investigating Incidents 7-3--7-7 81

CHAPTER 8. MP NOTEBOOK, RE-PORTS AND FORMS. 8-1-8-6 89

9. WITNESS IN COURT 9-1-9-6 105

*Thls manual wperudes FM 19-5, 7 July 1959, including allchang"s.

TAGO 68915C

Paragraph Page

10. CRIME PREVENTIONAND POLICEINTELLIGENCE

Section I. Crime Prevention - 10-1--10-3 108II. Police Intelligence - 10-4, 10-5 111

III. Combat Intelligence -- 10-6, 10-7 112CHAPTER 11. MILITARY POLICE

COMMUNICATIONSSection I. Need and Means of

Communication ------ 11-1, 11-2 114II. Post, Camp, or Station

Operations --- 11-3--11-12 115III. Tactical Communications 11-13-- 130

CHAPTER 12. OTHER MILITARY 11-16POLICE ACTIVITIES 12-1--12-8 134

APPENDIXA. REFERENCES - - 147B. UNARMED DEFENSE - --- 151

INDEX .................-- - - 172

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY

1-1. Purpose and Scopea. This manual is addressed to you, the mili-

tary police soldier. Its purpose is to furnish youwith basic information and instruction relative tothe performance of your duties. It provides aguide to your officers, both commissioned andnoncommissioned, in respect to your training, em-ployment, and supervision as a military police-man. It also gives you basic information on mili-tary police combat operations. Your training willapply in combat operations as well as garrisionduty.

b. This manual sets forth the mission, func-tions, and a brief history of the Military PoliceCorps. It includes information as to your author-ity, responsibilities, duties and equipment. Otheragencies, both military and civilian, engaged inactivities related to those you perform within theArmy are outlined. Special methods, techniques,and tactics that you use in the performance ofyour duties are discussed.

c. This manual provides guidance for-(1) General war, to include a cons;deration

of the employment of and protection from nu-clear munitions and chemical, biological, and ra-

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diological agents; and operations in nuclear,chemical, or biological environments.

(2) Limited war.(3) Cold war, to include stability operations.

d. This manual is in consonance with the fol-lowing International Standardization Agree-ments: NATO STANAG 2044, CENTO STANAG2044, and SEASTAG 2044, (ABCA SOLOG 22),Standard Procedures for Dealing With Prisonersof War; and NATO STANAG 2067, CENTOSTANAG 2067, and SEASTAG 2067, (ABCASOLOG 68), Straggler Control.

1-2. ChangesUsers of this manual are encouraged to submitrecommended changes or comments to improvethe manual. Comments should be keyed to thespecific page, paragraph, and line of the text inwhich the change is recommended. Reasonsshould be provided for each comment to insureunderstanding and complete evaluation. Com-ments should be prepared using DA Form 2028(Recommended Changes to Publications) andforwarded direct to the Commandant, UnitedStates Army Military Police School, ATTN:USAMPS-DDLP, Fort Gordon, Georgia 30905.

1r3. Definition of TermsA glossary of terms is not provided in this man-ual. The terms used can be found in AR 310-25,or a standard dictionary. Those terms used whichhave special meanings are explained when intro-duced.

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1-4. The Military Po'ice Corpsa. Status. The Military Police Corps is a per-

Kanent, basic branch of the United States Army.It is designated a combat support branch. It isboth an arm and a service, as the Corps performsboth combat support and combat service supportfunctions, as outlined in paragraph 1-8.

b. Mission. The mission of the Military PoliceCorps is to support all elements of the Army andthe Department of Defense, as required, in themaintenance of discipline, law and order and insupport of combat operations.

1-5. Antecedents and History of thi Corpsa. In January 1776, during the Revolutionary

War, a "Provost Martial" (an older form of thetitle Provost Marshal) was appointed "to thearmy of the United Colonies" by "His ExcellencyGeneral Washington." Two years later, by Con-gressional resolution, a Provost Corps was estab-lished in the Army "to be mounted on horsebackand armed and accoutred as Light Dragoons"(mounted infantry). Its primary mission was toenforce rules, orders, and regulations of the Con-tinental Army. About the same time, the "Mare-chausie Corps" (a mounted constabulary) was es-tablished and directed "to apprehend Deserters,Maruders, Drunkards, Rioters, and Stragglers"and to perform other military police duties. Dur-ing the course of the war, requirements for a cen-tralized prisoner-of-war administration becameevident. Accordingly, in 1780, with the approvalof Congress, the Commander in Chief appointed a"Commissary General of Prisoners" and deputy

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commissaries to administer all prisoner-of-waraffairs. After the war, the Provost Marshal, theCommissary General of Prisoners, the ProvostCorps, and the Marechausie Corps were discon-tinued.

b. Following the pattern established duringthe Revolutionary War, provost marshals and aCommissary General of Prisoners functioned inthe United States Army during the War of 1812.

c. A Provost Marshal General was appointedin the War Department in September 1862 forthe duration of the Civil War. His primary func-tion was the enforcement of the draft laws. How-ever, subordinates stationed throughout the coun-try were also charged with apprehending de-serters and spies, reporting treasonable practices,and recovering stolen Government property. Cer-tain military police and internal security func-tions were performed by a Veteran Reserve Corpscomprised of partially disabled military person-nel. Prisoner-of-war administration was againcentralized in a Commissary General of Pris-oners. These police functions became the respon-sibility of organization commanders and nor-mally were performed under the supervision ofan officer appointed as provost marshal.

d. With the entry of the United States intoWorld War I in 1917, a Provost Marshal Generalwas again appointed in the War Department. Hisappointment was for the duration of the war, andhis primary mission was to administer the Selec-tive Service Law. In July 1917, a separate Pro-vost Marhsal General was appointed for the

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American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) to act asadviser on military police and provost marshalmatters. In October 1918, a Corps of Military Po-lice was activated in the AEF in France with itsProvost Marshal General as Chief of the Corps.With the cessation of hostilities and the subse-quent disbandment of the AEF, its Provost Mar-shal General's Department and Corps of MilitaryPolice were dissolved. However, an Acting Pro-vost Marshal General continued to function in theWar Department as late as 1927. During this pe-riod, he was charged with advising and planningin respect to military police functions similar tothose performed by military police in the AEF.

e. Between 1919 and 1941, military police du-ties were performed by personnel detailed fromvarious branches of the Army. However, person-nel of military police units at oversea stations,such as Panama and Hawaii, wore distinctive in-signia to indicate their special duties. Provostmarshals were utilized in the Army down to thecorps level, and a military police branch contin-ued to be a Reserve Component.

f. Incident to precautionary measures initiatedbecause of hostilities abroad and consistent withprior planning, the Office of The Provost MarshalGeneral was reactivated in the War Departmenton 31 July 1941. On 26 September 1941, theCorps of Military Police was activated as a sepa-rate duty branch under The Provost MarshalGeneral's supervision and control. Officers andenlisted men who were performing military po-lice duties as their primary duty were detailed tothe Corps.

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g. In June 1946, after hostilities had ceased,the Chief of Staff of the United States Army ap-proved the continuation of the Office of The Pro-vost Marshal General and the Corps of MilitaryPolice.

h. Public Law 581, 81st Congress, 28 June1950, established the Corps as a permanent, basicbranch of the Army and designated it the Mili-tary Police Corps.

i. Effective 14 October 1968, the Military Po-lice Corps was designated as both an arm and aservice. This was due to the ever-increasing com-bat support role, in addition to the combat servicesupport role, being performed by the Corps.

1-6. InsigniaThe crossed pistols insignia of the Military PoliceCorps was formally approved in 1922. It is basedon the Harper's Ferry Arsenal Flint-Lock Pistol,Model 1806, caliber .54, the first standardized pis-tol with interchangeable parts approved and ac-cepted for production for use by the Army. Theinsignia represents a weapon of distinction andsignifies the precise standards and high tradi-tions of the United States Army and the tradi-tional weapon of military police. It is an insigniawhich the military policeman is privileged andproud to wear.

1-7. MottoThe motto, "OF THE TROOPS AND FOR THETROOPS", epitomizes the concern of the MilitaryPolice Corps for the soldier as an individual andas a member of the commander's team. The ever-

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increasing degrees of mobility, dispersion, andflexibility required of the modern army requireparallel increases in the capability and readinessof the military police to provide essential supportfor the commander and assistance for the soldierin every possible condition and circumstance.

1-8. Military Police FunctionsThere are eight functional areas in which youmay perform duties as a military policeman.These areas and a brief description of them areas follows:

a. Discipline, Law and Order. This functionencompasses those enforcement activities, eitherof a preventive or corrective nature, directed to-ward maintaining order and compliance withlaws, orders, and regulations.

b. Traffic Control. This function includes on-the-spot analysis, information, investigation,studies, and enforcement in the area of trafficcontrol.

c. Civil Disturbances. This function consists ofthose measures taken to forestall or quell civildisorder. It includes policies, plans, and tech-niques, particularly as they relate to the use ofmilitary forces in civil disturbances and disas-ters.

d. Confinement and Correctional Treatment ofPrisoners. This function consists of those activi-ties pertaining to the care, custody, administra-tion, and correctional treatment of military pris-oners.

e. Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees.This function includes all matters pertaining to

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the operation of a coordinated program to admin-ister and enforce the four Geneva Conventions of1949, and other applicable international laws.This program includes the evacuation, intern-ment, care, treatment, education, employment,and repatriation of enemy PW and civilian inter-nees.

f. Prevention and Investigation of Crime. Thisfunction includes those activities directed towardpreventing the commission of crimes and detect-ing and apprehending offenders. All crime prev-ention and investigative activities are interre-lated with the discipline, law and order function.

g. Physical Security. This function is con-cerned with the physical measures designed tosafeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized ac-cess to equipment, facilities, material and docu-ments; and to safeguard them against espionage,sabotage, damage and theft.

h. Rear Area Protection. This function con-cerns the measures taken in rear areas prior to,during, and/or after an enemy attack, sabotageaction, infiltration-guerrilla action and/or initia-tion of psychological or propaganda warfare.

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CHAPTER 2

MP PERSONNEL, ORGANIZATIONS,AND FACILITIES

(NATO STANAG 2044, CENTO STANAG 2044,SEASTAG 2044 (ABCA SOLOG 27))

2-1. GeneralIn your work as a military policeman you will bedealing with a wide variety of military policepersonnel, organizations and facilities. You willwork in direct contact with many of those, whilewith others your contact will be only indirect.This chapter is designed to give you a basic un-derstanding of the various personnel, organiza-tions, and facilities, and the role or function ofeach.

2-2. The Provost Marshal GeneralThe Provost Marshal General, under the generalstaff supervision of the Deputy Chief of Staff forPersonnel, has Army staff responsibility for thebroad functions of protective services, preserva-tion of law and order, and of crime preventionapplicable Army-wide.

a. He has staff responsibility for-(1) Provost marshal and military police ac-

tivities.

(2) Criminial investigations and crime prev-

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ention, to include accreditation of criminal inves-tigators.

(3) Preservation of order and law enforce-ment.

(4) Motor vehicle accident investigation,traffic control, and traffic law enforcement.

(5) Apprehension of absentees.(6) Physical security.(7) Implementation of industrial defense ac-

tivities.(8) The Army Correction Program, to in-

clude restoration, clemency, and parole for mili-tary prisoners.

(9) Prisoners of war and civilian internees.b. He maintains liaison with Federal and State

agencies in law enforcement and criminal mat-ters affecting the Department of the Army.

c. He commands personnel, organizations, andfacilities, as assigned.

2-3. Provost MarshalThe provost marshal is the officer on the staff of acommand who advises the commander on militarypolice matters and supervises military police ac-tivities of the command. His supervision guidesand assists you in the performance of your duties.

2-4. Military Police Unit CommanderYour unit commander supervises the administra-tion and training of the unit and is responsiblefor the accomplishment of its mission.

2-5. The Military Po:icemana. You are the military policeman who, by ef-

fectively performing your duties, contributes to

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the accomplishment of your unit's mission. Youperform a variety of duties, including enforcingregulations and laws, controlling traffic, investi-gating accidents, incidents protecting governmentproperty, processing and guarding enemy pris-oners of war, and rehabilitating military pris-oners. Many of these duties require that you exer-cise a degree of authority not usually delegated toenlisted men.

b. Many of the instructions in this manual arespecific. However, enforcement measures relate topeople, not objects. For this reason, enforcementmeasures for each situation cannot be prescribed.You must adjust your techniques to the humanfactor. You must be resourceful and use goodjudgment in handling each situation. In doing so,you strive to promote the dignity, esteem, and se-curity of fellow soldiers while serving the needsof the command, the Army, and your country.

2-6. Military Police Organizationsa. Military police organizations include detach-

ments, platoons, companies, battalions, groups,and brigades. These organizations are assigned tovarious commands of the Army to meet opera-tional requirements for military police support.To meet changing situations, adjustments in theoverall strength and composition of military po-lice units are made by the Department of theArmy for Army forces employed in theaters ofoperations and in the continental United States.

b. Military police organizations are integralparts of separate brigades, divisions, corps, andarmies. Additional units may be assigned for sup-

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port of specific missions. For example, field ar-mies have specially organized military policeunits for processing, escorting, and guardingprisoners of war. Military police are also orga-nized into special units for operations at rela-tively stable installations, such as ports, beaches,hospitals, railways, and pipelines.

c. The details of organizaion, the allotment ofweapons, and the distribution of items of equip-ment for military police units are shown in theArmy's 19-series tables of organization andequipment (TOE).

2-7. Operational Facilitiesa. Military Police Station. A military police

station is a control center for law enforcement,traffic control, circulation control, and similar op-erations performed by military police. The sta-

/ tion normally is the place where you report forduty and where you are inspected, given yourduty assignment, and briefed prior to going onduty. It is where you bring offenders for ques-tioning and booking. You return to the stationfor debriefing and completing the required re-ports prior to going off duty. Personnel in themilitary police station normally include a dutyofficer, desk sergeant, desk clerk, and a radio op-erator. A military police battalion or companymay operate serveral military police stationswhen distance, volume of activity, or differentmissions require them. In combat operations, themilitary police station usually is located in thegeneral vicinity of the MP company headquar-ters.

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b. Traffic Control Posts. Traffic control postsare points on a road net at which military policecontrol traffic, enforce regulations, control circu-lation of individuls, and provide information tousers of the road. In addition, personnel at trafficcontrol posts may perform straggler control. Traf-fic control posts normally are connected by radioand motorized patrols that provide liaison andsupplemental assistance. In performing trafficcontrol duties, you may be manning a traffic con-trol post or working in conjunction with person-nel who are manning such a post. In combatareas traffic control posts, information posts, andmilitary police motor patrols all perform the ad-ditional function of straggler control.

c. Prisoner-of-War Facilities.(1) Collecting points. Collecting points are

designated localities in frontline areas whereprisoners of war are assembled, pending local ex-amination for information of immediate tacticalvalue by military intelligence elements and subse-quent evacuation. The division military policecompany may operate only one or several PW col-lecting points, as required. In many situations,one central collecting point is sufficient. When thetactical situation indicates the need and whenplatoons of the division military police companyare providing general support to committed bri-gades, forward collecting points may be estab-lished at brigade level.

(2) Cages. Cages are established by corpsand army, in their respective areas, for the inter-rogation and temporary detention of prisoners of

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war pending further evacuation. Certain cagesmay be designated for holding selected prisonersthought to have intelligence information.

(3) Camps. Camps are semipermanent in-stallations established in the theater communica-tions zone or CONUS for the internment andcomplete administration of prisoners of war. Mil-itary police guard company personnel guard pri-soners at these camps.

(4) Civilian internees. When required, mili-tary police establish and operate civilian interneefacilities, i.e., collecting point, cage, or camp, gen-erally paralleling prisoner of war facilities.When established, civilian internees are movedfrom the point of apprehension to designated in-ternment camps as expeditiously as possible, uti-lizing the same policies and procedures applicableto prisoners of war. Civilian internees are alwayssegregated from prisoners of war (para 12-4).

d. Civilian Internee Collecting Points. The di-vision military police company establishes andoperates a civilian internee collecting point whenrequired. This facility, when established, nor-mally is operated by the same military police pla-toon which operates the central division PW col-lecting point, the division straggler collectingpoint, and the temporary detention facility formilitary prisoners.

e. Military Prisoner Facilities.(1) Stockade. This is an installation or field

organization confinement facility under the directcontrol of the local installation or area com-mander. The provost marhsal on the com-

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mander's staff exercises staff supervision over thefacility's operations. In general, only militaryprisoners sentenced to confinement for a period of6 months or less serve their sentence at a stock-ade. The stockade is also used for the detention ofpersons awaiting the filing and dispostion ofcharges; trial; and action of the convening au-thority of the court-martial that tried the pris-oner.

(2) Correctional holding detachment. A U.S.Army Correctional Holding Detachment is estab-lished and organized in conjunction with each in-stallation confinement facility, The detachment iscommanded by the correctional officer of the con-finement facility. All Army prisoners sentencedto confinement in excess of 30 days will be trans-ferred and assigned to a U.S. Army CorrectionalHolding Detachment. These detachments will notbe used to hold prisoners confined prior to trial,prisoners with sentences to confinement of 30days or less, prisoners with executed punitive dis-charge or dismissal, or military prisoners of theother armed services.

(3) Disciplinary barracks. This is a CONUSconfinement facility that provides for the con-finement of military prisoners:

(a) With punitive discharges who willhave 6 months or more remaining to serve in con-finement upon arrival at the disciplinary bar-racks.

(b) Without punitive discharges if thesentence is for 1 year or more and who will have6 months or more remaining to serve in confine-

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ment upon arrival at the disciplinary barracks.(4) Correctional training facility. This is a

correctional facility established with the princi-pal mission of retraining Army prisoners for re-turn to duty.

2-8. Armed Forces Agenciesa. Navy. Normally, the Navy enforces military

law, orders, and regulations in respect to its per-sonnel by means of local ship or shore-based de-tails, comprised of officers and enlisted personnel,designated as shore patrols. A larger naval shoreestablishment may include in its organization anofficer designated as provost marshal whose prin-cipal duty is to supervise police functions. Theduty brassard bears the letters SP (Shore Pa-trol).

b. Marine Corps. The Marine Corps normallyperforms gate and other intstallational police du-ties for naval shore establishments. Marine units,designated as military police, perform enforce-ment functions for the Corps. The duty brassardbears the letters MP (Military Police).

c. Air Force. Enforcement, traffic control, andsecurity functions are performed in the Air Forceby specialized units, designated as security policesquadrons, comprised of officers and enlistedpersonnel. Security policemen are issued badgesinstead of brassards.

d. Coast Guard. Details designated as shore pa-trols perform enforcement activities in respect toCoast Guard personnel. The duty brassard bearsthe letters SP (Shore Patrol).

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e. Armed Forces Police Detachments. Militarypolice services for the several armed services,jointly, are provided in particular areas byArmed Forces police detachments. The detach-ments are organized by agreement among thesenior commanders of the services in the areaswhere the detachments operate. Personnel aresupplied by the supporting services. The dutybrassard bears the words Armed Forces Police.(See also para 5-6b.)

f. Combined Military Police. Under certain cir-cumstances military police of two or more na-tional forces will establish a combined militarypolice operation or patrol under the control of acombined force commander, pursuant to theterms of international treaties or agreements. Ba-sically, the police mission is the same as that ofthe United States Military Police except that youwill be dealing with members of other nationalforces as well as with American forces. Your du-ties and responsibilities may include any or all ofthe following:

(1) Contribute to the general and physicalsecurity of installations and property of the com-bined force.

(2) Maintain law and order with respect tomembers of the combined force.

(3) Enforce military directives of a discipli-nary or regulatory nature pertaining to membersof the combined force.

(4) Control the military traffic of the com-bined force and civilian traffic subject to theirjurisdiction.

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(5) Control the circulation of military per-sonnel of the combined force and of civilian per-sonnel subject to their jurisdiction.

(6) Participate in rear area security, areadamage control, counterguerrilla operations.

(7) Provide, within jurisdictional authority,aid to military and civilian authorities in civildisturbances and natural or other disasters.

(8) Operate confinement facilities for mili-tary offenders of the combined force.

(9) Conduct required criminal investiga-tions relative to offenses by or against membersof the combined force.

(10) Perform such other enforcement or re-lated activities as may be necessary in the sup-port of the combat operations of the combinedforce.

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CHAPTER 3

STANDARDS, UNIFORMS AND EQUIPMENT

3-1. GeneralAs a military policeman it is essential that youdemonstrate high military standards in your con-duct and personal appearance, whether on or offduty. You must present yourself and performyour duties in a manner that will not impair theself-respect of the soldiers over whom your au-thority is exercised nor the dignity, prestige, andauthority of the command that has entrusted it toyou. Failure to meet these high standards mayresult in a determination that you are no longerqualified to perform duties as a military police-man. In such case, your military police MOS willbe withdrawn and you will be reclassified underthe provisions of AR 600-200.

3-2. Personal Standardsa. General. In performing your duties, observe

a set of standards that will not only increase yourefficiency but also maintain the high esprit decorps of the Army, your command, and yourCorps.

(1) On duty. Demonstrate the discipline,neatness, military bearing and professionalismexpected of all soldiers. Act with firmness, tact,

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and self-control. Be fair to all in enforcing mili-tary law, orders, and regulations. Be helpful toall persons and make no discrimination becuaseof race, color, creed, sex, or friendship. Give in-structions correctly, calmly, and with dignity.Act without hesitation when action is required,applying your previous training and commonsense.

(2) Off duty. When off duty, you have thesame status as other members of the ArmedForces who are off duty and the same obligationsto govern your conduct in accordance with mili-tary law, orders, or regulations. Conduct yourselfso that you will be able to perform effectively andcreditably when called to duty. Personal associa-tion with persons of questionable character in-vites trouble and reflects unfavorably on yourcommand and the Military Police Corps.

b. Courtesy. Military courtesy is appropriateat all times. Courtesy is appropriate in dealingwith everyone, and is one of the most useful prac-tices of the military policeman. It is like oil ontroubled water-it calms and soothes ruffled feel-ings.

c. Exercising Authority. It is your duty to as-sume the authority delegated to you and to exer-cise this important trust impartially, fairly,firmly, and in such manner that respect for mili-tary authority will be maintained.

d. Attitude Toward Servicemen. Your attitudeshould be one of helpfulness. Unnecessary policesupervision hurts morale and tends to cause fric-tion with other service personnel. Harassing ser-

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vicemen by indiscriminate inspection of passes orother such actions should be carefully avoided.You should not interfere with the activities ofservicemen unless their actions are unlawful, en-danger security, bring discredit on the ArmedForces, or are harmful to welfare or health, orthey are suspected of these or related activities.

e. Attitude Toward Offender. When instruct-ing, correcting, or cautioning a serviceman, makesure that your attitude or actions do not consti-tute or imply adminition or reprimand. Limit re-marks or reminders to friendly but serious adviceand information. You do not have the authorityto punish offenders or to recommend or suggestany form of punishment.

f. Personal Obligations. Avoid becoming finan-cially or otherwise obligated to any individual ex-cept through private and proper social and busi-ness arrangements. The acceptance of favors orgratuities in the performance of your dutiestends to reflect adversely on your reputation andintegrity and to interfere with your effective per-formance of duty. Some proprietors of taverns,places of amusement, and eating places attemptto win favor with military police by offering freedrinks, food, or amusement tickets. You shouldnot accept such offers on or off duty. To aid inpreventing such offers, it is advisable when offduty to avoid establ;shments in areas where youperform duty.

g. Respecting Confidence. Treat with confi-dence all information concerning the difficultiesof servicemen and others involved in violations.The identity of informants should never be dis-

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closed except to proper authorities. Under no cir-cumstances should you engage in gossip or idletalk about matters concerning delinquencies, ap-prehensions, or offenses.

h. Avoiding the Use of Profanity. You shouldrefrain from using profanity when on duty. Thisrestraint is dictated by common decency and de-manded by the nature of your duty. By refrainingfrom using profanity in everyday conversation,you will have little difficulty in exercising thisrestraint while on duty.

i. Reporting Responsibilities. You should re-port to proper authorities all information known.to you concerning alleged violations. The only ex-ception to this is when you make on-the-spotcorrections of minor violations. Suppressing orwihholding reports or information concerningalleged violations is an act of intentional neglectof duty.

j. Mental and Moral Attributes. You shouldstrive to develop the following qualities in yourmental and moral makeup:

(1) Initiative. An aptitude and self-reliancethat will enable you to act on your own responsi-bility in the absence of orders and to carry out anassigned duty without recourse to higher author-ity.

(2) Dependability. A trustworthiness thatmust be demonstrated so that higher authorityneed not question your reliability.

(3) Common sense. The good judgment andprudence that is necessary when dealing withother servicemen in the performance of your du-ties.

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(4) Tolerance. The indulgence and patiencenecessary to maintain your self-control if un-pleasant criticism or jibes are directed at you.

(5) Courage. A firmness of spirit that willenable you to face danger in spite of fear.

(6) Loyalty. Faithfulness to your country,superiors, and subordinates.

(7) Honesty. A sense of fairness andstraight forwardness in all things.

(8) Fidelity. The faithful and exact per-formance of duty and the fulfillment of the confi-dence placed in you by your commander.

3-3. Personal Appearancea. General. Public opinion of the Armed Forces

is influenced by the personal appearance of ser-vice personnel. You, as a Military Policeman, re-present your Installation Commander, your Pro-vost Marshal, and the Military Police Corps ofthe United States Army. Since in the course ofyour duties daily contact with the public is rou-tine, your appearance, bearing, and courtesy maydetermine how well the military is accepted inthe community. In order to make uniform correc-tions of service personnel, your personal appear-ance must be above question. You must set the ex-ample in order to encourage voluntary compli-ance by other soldiers. Your appearance and con-duct, on and off duty, must be better than allother soldiers in order to accomplish your as-signed mission.

b. Appearance. The uniform you wear canrelay pride in yourself, your duty and the service.A poor fitting and untidy uniform indicates a

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Figure 3-1. Military police uniforms.

lack of pride and confidence. To the individualyou encounter, it indicates questionable job per-formance.

c. Beatring. As a Military Policeman you mustpresent the model of military bearing. You

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should stand or sit erect, wear your uniform pro-perly, and constantly present an orderly appear-ance in public.3-4. Military Police UniformsThe military police uniform is prescribed by thecommander in accordance with the policies of theDepartment of the Army. The uniform varieswith the type of duty and climate. You must in-sure that your uniform fits well and is cleanedand pressed. Military policemen are authorizedadditional uniforms under the provisions ofArmy Regulations. Two basic uniforms are uti-lized by the military police. The post, camp, orstation uniform consists of the Class A uniformwith bloused boots and white cap. The tacticaloperations uniform consists of the field uniformwith steel helmet and other field equipment (fig.3-1).

3-5. EquipmentEquipment peculiar to the military policemanvaries with the type of duty that he performs.The following items are those most commonlyused:

a. Brassard. The military police brassard is ofdark blue material. It bears the letters MP inwhite and has the organization shoulder patch onan extension centered over the letters. The bras-sard is prescribed by regulations and is wornonly when you are performing military police du-ties. It is a means of identifying you as a militarypoliceman. It is worn on the left sleeve with theshoulder loop of the brassard fastened to theshoulder strap of the outer garment.

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b. Notebook and Pencil (or Pen). The note-book is used for the on-the-spot recording of factsabout incidents you may encounter during yourtour of duty. It is the source of information forsubsequent reports. For the use of the notebook,see chapter 8.

c. Weapons. As a military policeman, usuallyyou will be armed with a pistol. You may also usea rifle or shotgun, grenade launchers, recoillessrifles, machine guns, or other heavy weapons.

d. Military Police Club. The military policeclub is a hand weapon and is carried in a spe-cially designed carrier suspended from the beltdirectly over the left hip. For the use of the club,see paragraph 6-8.

e. Leather Gear. Special leather accessoriesare authorized for wear by military policemen onduty. The leather belt, supported by a leathershoulder strap passing over the left shoulder,supports the pistol holster and other personalequipment. Special leather carrying cases areworn for the first aid packet, spare pistol maga-zines, and hand irons.

f. Whistle. The whistle is used for alertingpurposes, summoning assistance, raising analarm, and in traffic control. It is worn so that itis readily available. The hook end of the whistlechain is attached to the button on the left shoul-der strap of the outer garment. The other end ofthe chain, with the whistle, is attached to thebutton on the left pocket of the outer garment.

g. White Accessories. Military police are au-thorized white accessories consisting of whiteservice cap, lanyard, and gloves. The loop of the

28

lanyard is worn around the right shoulder underthe shoulder strap of the outer garment with theother end fastened to the pistol.

h. Other Items. Military police are frequentlyequipped with other equipment such as flash-lights, signal lights, hand irons and NATO trafficcontrol sleeves. These items are worn in the man-ner prescribed by the commander.

3-6. Before Duty InspectionEach time, before you go on duty you will be in-spected by your squad leader, the patrol supervi-sor, and possibly the duty officer. A checklist sim-ilar to the following example should be availableto assist you in preparing for his inspection:

1. Uniform and Appearance:a. White cap: clean and in good repair.b. Hair: cut closely, neatly trimmed, and

combed.c. Khaki Shirt, Green Coat, or Fatigue

Jacket: fit neatly and in good repair.d. Brass: highly shined and properly placed.e. Decorations: properly worn.f. Trousers: fit neatly, in good repair, pro-

per length and bloused properly.g. Boots: in good repair and highly shined.h. No unauthorized articles on the uniform.

2. MP Equipment:a. Weapon: clean and in operating order.b. Club: clean, no cracks or knicks.c. MP Brassard: clean, neatly attached.d. Lanyard: on right shoulder and clean.e. Whistle: properly worn.

29

f. Leather equipment: worn neatly, highlyshined, and fitted properly.

g. Required equipment on belt as prescribedby local commander.

h. Have in possession the appropriate DA,DD, and local forms.

i. Notebook and pencil (or pen).j. No unauthorized items of equipment.

3. Vehicle:a. Clean and serviced.b. Mechanically safe: checked according to

requirements of DD Form 110 for Before Opera-tion Preventive Maintenance Services.

c. Emergency equipment: operable.d. Trip ticket and accident forms: available.e. Commo equipment: operable.f. Fire extinguisher: operable.g. First aid kit: complete.h. Other equipment, as prescribed and avail-

able: complete and operable, (e.g., flares, blan-kets, shovels, etc.).

30

CHAPTER 4COMMUNITY RELATIONS

4-1. GeneralAs a military policeman you are directly con-cerned with community relations. Community re-lations may be defined as the sum total of the com-munity's feelings toward an individual or organi-zation, and the process by which this feeling-good or bad-is created. The military police musthave cooperation of the community they serve ifthey are to be successful in accomplishing theirmission. The amount of cooperation they receiveand the extent to which they will be permitted toaccomplish this mission, depends directly on howmuch the community understands and how itfeels about the need for the mission, the methodsused to accomplish it, and the quality of jobperformance by each military policeman. As the"'man-on-the-scene" it is you who must performthe bulk of the community relations effort.

4-2. The Communitya. A "community" is a group of people who

have something in common in their relationshipto an individual or organization, who are affectedin some way by the acts or policies of that indi-vidual or organization, and whose acts and opin-

31

ions affect the individual organization in return.b. The Military Police Corps has several publ-

ics. They are: military police personnel them-selves, persons in confinement, other members ofthe Army, and the civilian community.

4-3. Principles of Community RelationsThe most important individual in the process ofachieving good community relations for the Mili-tary Police Corps is you, the individual militarypoliceman. You must know your job and do itwell. Under our system of government the com-munity has a right to be informed. This right ex-tends to both military and civilian members ofour society. It is based on the premise that an in-formed community is a responsive one. However,due to security requirements, this principle ofcommunity relations is handled at higher head-quarters and not left to the individual militarypoliceman. This assures that the community getsa true picture of the whole story rather than asmall segment.

4-4. Standards of Appearance, Conduct,and Behavior

a. General. As a military policeman you mustalways be outstanding in appearance, and yourconduct and behavior must be above reproach.You must continually avoid actions and attitudeswhich hurt community relations, and rememberto do those things which constitute good policework, and will create a good impression of com-petence and service in the community's eye andmind.

32

b. Appearance. The military policeman on dutyat the gate of an Army post, or on patrol, is rep-resentative of all commands of the Army. Forthis reason, personal cleanliness, neatness, de-meanor, and bearing are of special importance.Uniforms must always be neat and clean. Equip-ment of all kinds, including vehicles, must also bekept clean and in good repair.

c. Conduct and Behavior. Military policemen,while on duty, are constantly in the communityview. Therefore, it is imperative that your ac-tions on duty avoid developing hostilities on thepart of the community. The following procedureswill contribute to the overall community relationsprogram:

(1) Do not smoke while in the public view.(2) Conversations with the public should be

limited. Many civil police agencies limit informalconversations to 3 minutes.

(3) Loitering, leaning, or aimless wanderingcreates a bad impression and should not be done.

(4) Learn the proper methods for handlingincidents and spectators at the scene of incidents.This is an effective method of gaining communityconfidence and good will.

(5) Do not appear to the community to be"punishing" violators. Remember this is the jobof the courts, not the military policeman.

(6) When driving police vehicles, use res-traint in emergencies, caution in danger, anddrive slowly while on routine patrol.

(7) Be courteous and professional whentalking on the telephone (para 11-4).

(8) The proper use of a notebook lends an

33

air of professionalism to the military policeman.Do not borrow a pencil or scribble notes on theback of an envelope.

(9) The motto-OF THE TROOPS ANDFOR THE TROOPS-must be stressed in prac-tice as well as words. It will help to develop afeeling of confidence on the part of troops towardthe military police (para 1-7).

4-5. Furnishing Informationa. Relationship With the General Public. The

general public invariably goes to police personnelfor information. When information is requested,you should first determine definitely what iswanted. You should then give a clear and conciseanswer. If you do not know the answer to a ques-tion, you should make every effort to obtain theanswer from the patrol supervisor or the desksergeant; or to refer the questioner to an appro-priate agency to obtain the answer. A map of thepost or city should be standard equipment for MPposts and patrols. Locations of hospitals, fire de-partments and neighboring police agencies shouldbe well known to all military police personnel.The giving of information as an expedient ofbuilding good will, defeats its own purpose unlessit is done cheerfully and courteously. However,you must remember that the giving out of re-stricted police information or classified militaryinformation to unauthorized persons is prohi-bited.

b. Relationship With the Press. Generally, theindividual military policeman will not release anyinformation to the news media. A definite policy

34

as to what news is to be made available to thepress, through what channels it is to be released,and under what circumstances, will be established

by the provost marshal after careful coordinationwith the public affairs information officer of thecommand. Each military policeman must be thor-oughly familiar with this policy. When ap-proached by a reporter to give information youshould decline but at the same time explain thepolicy of the provost marshal and inform thenewsman where and from whom he may obtainthe information he seeks.4-6. Relationship With Civil Police

a. General. Civilian policemen are capable,hardworking, conscientious, honest men. Thepolice chief is a capable professional man withmany years experience in dealing with people andlaw enforcement problems. Military police unitsmust have cooperation with the local civil policefor both are working towards the same goal. Therelationship between the two must be one of mu-tual respect and cooperation and must be culti-vated from the top between the provost marshaland the police chief down through the militarypoliceman and patrolman.

b. Procedures. The provost marshal after con-ferring with the police chief will establish pol-icies to guide you in dealing with civil police.Such policies generally will include the follow-ing:

(1) Treat all civil police superior officers asthough they were commissioned officers in themilitary service. They should always be ad-dressed by their rank, and no undue familiarity

35

should take place between the military policemanand an officer in the police department.

(2) Do not loiter in the civil police station.(3) Do not gossip about police activities.(4) Recognition of detectives on the job out-

side of the station is not permitted in most civilpolice departments unless the detective speaksfirst. This is to prevent the compromise of a caseor situation by alerting those around him that heis known by police personnel.

(5) Be familiar with the police department'smanual of procedures.

c. Foreign National Police. On different as-signments you will work directly or indirectlywith foreign national policemen. The proceduresin a and b above apply. The national police arevery capable and will usually go out of their wayto assist you. They are very important to yourmission in stability operations (para 12-8).

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CHAPTER 5

MILITARY POLICE PATROLS AND FIXED POSTS

5-1. GeneralAs a military policeman, patrolling and fixedposts are the primary methods you will employ inaccomplishing your mission. The basic objectiveof patrolling is to give the appearance that thepolice are always available. This in itself stopsmany would-be violators, as they do not believethey have the opportunity to commit an offensewithout being apprehended. It is always better toprevent a violation than to apprehend a violator.Military police are judged by the absence of dis-order, not the visible means of repression.

5-2. Mi.itary Police Patrolsa. Military police patrols, normally consisting

of two military policemen, perform enforcementactivities in an assigned area during a specific pe-riod of time. The area of operations for each pa-trol and the duties to be performed are posted atthe military police station and are given to you atyour briefing. The detailed pattern and time ofyour patrolling should be varied so that would-beoffenders cannot determine your routes andschedules.

b. Military police patrols may be foot patrols,motor patrols, train and terminal patrols, water

37

patrols, or air patrols. These patrols may be con-ducted with civil police, personnel of other ser-vices, or personnel of other nations.

c. In order to get assistance in cases of emer-gency, be familiar with the means of communica-tion available on your route, with neighboring oroverlapping patrols, and with civil police (chap11). If you request assistance from a member ofthe Armed Forces and he fails or refuses to com-ply with your request, report him to your super-visor.

5-3. Foot PatrolsMilitary police foot patrols cover limited areasfrequented by military personnel, such as busi-ness districts or amusement areas. Short patrolroutes may be used so that you can give specialattention to known or potential trouble spots. Thefollowing techniques will assist you in perform-ing patrol duty: \

a. Know your patrol area thoroughly, includ-ing its streets, buildings, and other physical fea-tures.

b. Become acquainted with such persons asstorekeepers who live or work in your area. Theymay be good sources of information or assistanceto you. Be courteous toward them but do not ac-cept favors or gratuities.

c. Be able to give simple, accurate directions asto the location of certain facilities, such as trans-portation terminals, hospitals, USO's and the-aters, in or adjacent to your area. Know emer-gency routes in and from your area.

d. Walk at a distance from buildings or struc-

38

tures so that you can better observe the area, beless susceptible to surprise, and be readily seenand contacted by your supervisors or by personswho seek your assistance.

e. Enter public establishments in an inconspic-uous manner. Pause to observe the activities andthen move through the establishment to viewconditions without loitering or disturbing the oc-cupants. When entering dark areas, such as un-lighted alleys or interiors, let your eyes becomeadjusted to the darkness before you proceed fur-ther. When using a flashlight, hold the light inthe left or non-weapon hand and at a distance tothe side of the body. This will prevent the lightfrom making a target in front of your body.

f. Be curious, take the initiative, check or in-quire into anything within the scope of your du-ties and authority concerning military personnelthat is suggestive of improper conduct or disor-der, and take appropriate action.

5-4. Motor Patrolsa. Military police motor patrols perform essen-

tially the same functions as foot patrols; how-ever, they provide coverage of a much more ex-tensive area. Motor patrols are capable of provid-ing rapid reinforcement of other patrols, supervi-sory or transportation services, communicationservices, and emergency services.

b. Motor patrols normally divide their actionsbetween cruising and parking in areas where vio-lations frequently occur. These activities shouldbe performed in a plainly visible manner. Visiblepatrols encourage compliance. Parking the vehi-

39

cle in obscure places, such as behind billboards oramong trees, is not conducive to good public rela-tions or effective enforcement.

c. Set a good example for other drivers by ob-serving traffic regulations and road courtesy.

d. In answering emergency calls, warning de-vices, such as sirens and warning lights mountedon the vehicle, should be used in accordance withlocal standing operating procedures. Speed limitsapply to all vehicles, including vehicles on emer-gency calls, and are established as maximumSAFE speeds under ideal conditions; therefore,excess speed should be resorted to only whenlocal policy permits and the situation warrantssuch action.

e. The procedures for pursuing, pacing, stop-ping and apprehending personnel in a vehicle aredescribed in FM 19-25. Because of the nature ofthis action, you must be exceptionally cautious inapproaching the vehicle after it has stopped. Ifthe persons in the halted vehicle are suspected ofbeing armed, precaution may warrant making theapproach with weapons drawn. One member ofthe patrol should position himself to the left rearand the other to the right rear of the halted vehi-cle, each out of the line of fire of the other. Onemilitary policeman takes initial action directedfirst to the occupants of the rear seat and then tothe occupants of the front seat of the vehicle. Hecalls out in firm commands to each passenger ofthe halted vehicle, in indicated turns, to open thedoor and dismount the vehicle. Once dismountedthe MP commands them to keep hands visible tothe military police.

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5-5. Special PatrolsYou may be assigned to duty with one of the fol-lowing special patrols:

a. Public Carriers, Train, and Terminal Pa-trols. Military police train and terminal patrolsare a type of fixed or mobile patrol establishedfor a particular time and place as required. Thesepatrols enforce maintenance of orderly conductand regulations among Armed Forces personneland other personnel within military jurisdictionwho are traveling on railroad trains, buses, orother large-scale means of conveyance, or whoare in bus and train terminals. They may operateterminal information posts to provide informa-tion and other assistance to military personneland their dependents. They also perform physicalsecurity missions aboard trains and at terminals.For a complete discussion of train and terminalpatrols see AR 190-56.

b. Water Patrols. Military police water patrolsare primarily concerned with physical security.Otherwise, their duties are basically the same asthose performed in other military police opera-tions. Water patrols constitute an extension ofon-shore military police operations. They areused on water areas of military ports, ocean orriver loading or unloading points, and militaryinstallations accessible by waterways. If you areassigned to a water patrol, you will receive train-ing in boating operations, customs regulations ifpertinent, and techniques of boat patrolling, suchas boarding procedures, water safety, marine fire-fighting and prevention, marine chart and mapreading, and the operation of certain marine de-

41

vices. In a combat environment, water patrols areconcerned with physical security, sabotage, infil-tration, blackmarketing, and river escorts andport security, and populace and resources control.

c. Air Patrols. Military police patrols may useArmy aircraft for patrol purposes incident to re-connaissance, traffic control, circulation control,control of stragglers and line crossers, the secur-ity of interior areas, search for escaped prisonersIr lost persons, and general observation. Air pa-trols may be of considerable usefulness in en-forcement operations relative to crowd, mob, orriot control or the establishment and mainte-nance of order and control in areas sufferingfrom disaster or major damage from enemy ac-tion. In an emergency, aircraft may be used totransport reinforcements or supplemental pa-trols, to effect communications, to transport in-jured or apprehended persons, and to assist in es-tablishing order and control in areas inaccessibleby other vehicles. Radios and voice amplifiersmay be used to communicate directly with patrolsor groups on the ground to relay information andorders and to give directions or other assistance.

5-6. Patrolling With Other Personnela. With Civil Police, Under exceptional cir-

cumstances where your commander has enteredinto a mutually acceptable agreement with localauthorities, you may patrol with civil police tokeep to a minimum conduct by military personnelwhich is prejudicial to good order and militarydiscipline. Only experienced personnel of maturejudgment and thoroughly familiar with this

42

agreement and the implications involved in vio-lating the terms of the Posse Comitatus Act willbe selected for this duty. You will accompanycivil police for the sole purpose of enforcing theUCMJ among persons subject to it. You remainunder the command of, and are directly responsi-ble to, your military superior and you will exer-cise no authority over the civil police or the civil-ian populace. In case of misconduct or apparentlaw violation, no action will be taken by you un-less in self defense or the individual concernedhas been identified as a member of the militaryservice.

b. With Personnel of Other Military Services.You may be assigned to patrol jointly with Navy,Marine, Air Force, or Coast Guard personnel. Inthis situation, each member is exercising a com-mon military authority derived from the samesource. By agreement among the Secretaries ofthe Army, Navy, and Air Force, the authority ofmilitary police and the enforcement personnel ofother services is extended to include all membersof the Armed Forces, regardless of their particu-lar service. A similar situation is encounteredwhen you are assigned to duty with an ArmedForces police detachment (para 2-8e).

5-7. Fixed PostsMilitary police are stationed at fixed posts to per-form duties at locations that do not require patroltype movements. These posts may be establishedat especially troublesome locations; at main gatesto installations; and at designated places to pro-tect persons, property, areas, and buildings. Your

43

duties while on these fixed posts will be in ac-cordance with special orders for the post andother principles of military police procedure thatapply in the situation.5-8. Actions at FiresYou may be required to take action at fires. Thefollowing are duties normally performed by mili-tary police; you may be required to perform anyor all of them, according to the situation:

a. Notify the fire department.b. Attempt to put out the fire.c. Aid the injured.d. Protect property.e. Direct traffic.f. Protect the scene.g. Record and report the facts.

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CHAPTER 6

APPREHENSION, RESTRAINT AND DETENTION

6-1. Generala. It will be necessary for you as a military po-

liceman to make apprehensions. An apprehensionis the act of placing a person in custody, therebytemporarily depriving him of his liberty. Theterm custody means physical control. An appre-hension is effected by clearly notifying the sub-ject orally or in writing that he is being takeninto custody.

b. When an individual involved in a serious in-cident is identified as a commissioned officer, youshould request the assistance of the duty officeror patrol supervisor.

6-2. When To Apprehenda. General. You must use good judgment in de-

termining whether a member of the ArmedForces should be apprehended. Consider the na-ture of the incident from the standpoint ofwhether it is minor or serious. Military Policeare guided by the following principles:

(1) "To guide the responsible."(2) "To correct the irresponsible."(3) "To apprehend the incorrigible."

b. Minor Incidents. Some incidents, such as il-legal parking or matters that permit on-the-spot

45

correction, are normally considered as minor anddo not require an apprehension or a detailed in-vestigation.

e. Serious Incidents. Such incidents as thoseinvolving loss, damage, or destruction of prop-erty; personal injury or death; or crime or grossmisconduct are considered serious. The nature ofthe incident, the extent of loss or damage of prop-erty, the extent of injuries to personnel, and thenecessity for further corrective or preventive ac-tion usually determine the seriousness of the inci-dent. The types of incidents considered seriousand the manner of handling and reporting themare normally published in special instructions bythe provost marshal of the local command. Gen-erally, a felony, a breach of the peace, or conductof a nature that would bring discredit upon themilitary service, committed in the presence ofmilitary police, or reasonably believed by them tohave been or about to be committed, requires ap-prehension of the offender.

6-3. Aids to Identifying Suspectsa. Proper identification is extremely important

in making an apprehension. Primary identifica-tion is usually based on a physical descriptionand a photograph of the person.

b. Recognition and identification of suspectsmay be effected through the use of accumulatedinformation on such individuals. Persons who arequestioned may give valuable information as tothe description or identity of the suspect. An in-dividual may point out a suspect from photo-graphs or in a lineup.

46

START 1 FINISH

II CLOTH JNG

I NAME HEAD TO FOOT

2. SEX AHAT

3 RACE i B SHIRT OR TIE

4AGE O CCOAT

5 HEIGHT r \ O TROUSERS

6. WEIGHT r F SOCKS

7 HAIR F, SHOES

S EYES

9 COMPLEXION

10 PHYSICA L

LIME ETC

MEMORIZE THE SEOUENCEI

USE IT ON THE AIR, ON THETELEPHONE ANt IN tAIIN

HESCRIEPTIONS

Figure 6-1. Personal descriptions.

47

c. There are other aids to identification thatyou should be familiar with and know how touse. Some of these are-

(1) Incident reports and desk referencecards. Incident reports and desk reference cardscontain information that may be of assistance indetermining the identity of the offender.

(2) Personal descriptions. A description of asuspect aids military police in effecting an identi-fication. Descriptions should be given in the fol-lowing order, omitting any item not available:Name, Sex, Race, Age, Height, Weight, Hair,Eyes, Complexion, Physical Markings, and Clo-thing (fig. 6-1).

(3) Sketches and composite photos. A de-scription of a wanted person obtained from wit-nesses and/or the victim may furnish an artistenough information to provide a composite sketchof the suspect. Identification kits containing pho-tos of various facial features may be used in alike manner.

(4) Fingerprints. Fingerprint comparisonprovides positive identification and will resolveany doubts as to the identity of a person.

6-4. Approacha. Estimate of the Situation. In approaching

the scene of an incident, make a rapid mental es-timate of the situation. Observe the scene care-fully, noting details and conditions surroundingthe incident. Consider what courses of action youcan take. Notice all personnel in the area and es-timate what they might do when you intervene.

48

The following factors should be considered:(1) Attitude of suspect. Observe the attitude

of the suspect and determine whether he is bellig-erent, boisterous, aggressive, surly, meek, mild,or playful. Unless there is good reason to believeotherwise, assume that the suspect is dangerous.The manner in which you approach and address asuspect determines to a large extent the responseyou receive. For example, an initial appeal to theintelligence and inherent good qualities of an in-dividual may elicit a cooperative response.

(2) Manpower. Consider whether sufficientmilitary police are available to cope with the situ-ation. It may be that you need to obtain furtherassistance. In an emergency, call on any memberof the Armed Forces to assist you in the execu-tion of your duties, including making an appre-hension.

(3) Weapons. Consider the adequacy of theweapons available to effect the apprehension ifsuch is planned.

b. Plan of Operation. Select the course of ac-tion that seems best in view of what the suspector his friends may do. Your decisions should beinfluenced by the nature and seriousness of theincident and the factors listed in a above. Consi-der also the following elements of a good plan:

(1) Simplicity. Keep the plan as simple asthe occasion permits.

(2) Surprise. Use the element of surprise invour plan. This affords you an immediate advan-tage over the suspect.

(3) Location. Plan to make the apprehen-sion at a location that offers maximum advan-

49

tages to you and a minimum to the suspect. Ac-tion in a crowded area should be avoided sincethis may afford avenues of escape and may limitthe safe use of firearms. In addition, the suspectmay have supporters in the crowd who may cometo his aid.

c. Approach to an Individual.(1) Assume that the suspect may be danger-

ous. Approach him in a firm and decisive manner.Be courteous but restrained. Speak in a calm toneof authority. Have a positive attitude.

(2) One military policeman stands to theside to assist from a position of advantage. Thenther military policeman asks to see the suspect'sidentification, pass, or other appropriate papers(fig. 6-2). After the identification, apprehend thesuspect if the circumstances warrant. If the sub-ject is known or suspected of being armed, itmay be advisable to approach with your weapondrawn. If so, keep it out of his reach. At the sametime, take precautions to avoid assault actions bythe suspect. At night the flashlight is held withthe left hand to permit instant use of weapon ifnecessary.

d. Approach to a Group. When approaching agroup with the intent of making an apprehen-sion, be careful that the group cannot readilygain the advantage. Military police should be sep-arated enough to provide freedom of action, butnot enough to permit the suspects to come be-tween them. Avoid questioning individuals whilein the group. When you wish to question one ormore individuals, single out those individuals andquestion them apart from the group. If you need

so50

to apprehend one or more individuals, or the en-tire group, insure that you have adequate supportin the form of other military police, civil police,or friendly service personnel. If the group resistsand you cannot cope with the situation, one mili-tary policeman should send for assistance.

e. Approach to a Building. In approaching thescene of an incident that has occurred in a build-ing, dwelling, or similar structure, considerwhether you have the authority to make anentry, whether innocent persons also may be oc-cupying the premises and what precautions arerequired to avoid injuring them in the event youneed to use firearms, and whether you have suffi-cient force available.

(1) Note all entrances and exits and the bestmeans for you to enter and leave.

(2) Determine the number and attitude ofpeople in the building in order to anticipate andprepare for any hostile actions from them.

(3) Notify your headquarters of your intentto enter the building and request the support thatyou consider advisable.

(4) Before opening a door, stand to one sidefor protection in the event the suspect opens fire.The proper approach if the occupants are sus-pected of being armed, is illustrated in figure 6-3.

(5) After entering, keep within supportingdistance of the other military policeman. Whileone military policeman investigates the incident,the other remains watchful and alert and pre-pared to render immediate aid.

f. Approach to a Vehicle. The procedures for

51

II 7

.1

Figure 6-2. App oach to au individual.

52

. .... m ..

53

pursuing, pacing, and apprehending persons in avehicle are described in FM 19-25.

6-5. Questioninga. A person being questioned may remove sus-

picion by giving a reasonable explanation for hisactions or presence, by answering questions toyour satisfaction, and by producing proper identi-fication. In such case, take the time to explain thenecessity for your inquiry.

b. When two or more suspects are to be ques-tioned, separate them immediately to preventtheir collaboration in contriving a story. Individ-ual suspects more often tell the truth if they arenot given the time or opportunity to consult withan accomplice.

6-6. Voice Commandsa. General. The voice and manner in which you

give your commands must be appropriate to yourpurpose and the situation. Be sure that your com-mands are stated in simple and concise languageso that the subject understands you. Your man-ner of speaking must be convincing and conveyan expectation that your instructions will beobeyed. For a frightened person, sympathy com-bined with an attitude of firm assurance on yourpart may avoid difficulty. In the case of an un-cooperative person, an attitude of forceful au-thority may be essential. Your commands must beof such nature and content as to result in exactlywhat you want and only that.

b. Initial Commands. Each apprehension is aseparate problem requiring commands to fit thesituation. "Hands Up" may be proper for the ini-

54

tial command in one apprehension. "HandsDown," "Don't Move," or "Move to the Right"may be appropriate in other situations. The com-mand must be such that its execution does notgive an advantage to the suspect. For example, acommand may permit the suspect to reach for aweapon while apparently complying with thecommand.

c. Subsequent Commands. An initial commandmay be followed by more detailed commands tothe suspect that require strict compliance on his

art and avoid any possibility of surprise to your-self. They should be carefully expressed so thathe cannot make unexpected movements, except inobvious disobedience to your orders.

d. Armed Persons. In apprehending armedpersons or persons you suspect of being armed,your attitude and commands are especially signif-icant. Study your subject. A battle-fatiguedstraggler may be very dangerous, but his confi-dence may be gained through sympathy. With3uch an approach, it may be that he can be read-ily disarmed. A criminal offender may respond tofirm statements of the advantage to himself innot making his situation worse. If your attitudeand reasoning gain the response you want, do notrelax your vigilance but carry through withclear, concise and careful commands until yourobjective of disarming and apprehending him hasbeen fully achieved.

6-7. Detention for Questioninga. Military Personnel. When a person subject

to military law is suspected of committing, has

55

committed, or is about to commit an offense underthe Articles of the UCMJ, he may be questionedas to his identity, age, address, unit, etc., withoutbeing warned of his rights under Article 31 ofthe UCMJ or his rights under the Constitution.However, questioning pertinent to the offense orincident under investigation should never becommenced unless the required warnings havefirst been given and a proper waiver received. Seeparagraph 7-6 for the correct warning andwaiver procedure. Any military person subject tothe UCMJ who fails to identify himself or to ex-plain his actions to the satisfaction of the mili-tary police may be apprehended and further ques-tioned and investigated. A person wearing aUnited States Army uniform is considered identi-fied as being subject to the UCMJ until the con-trary is established. The period of detention forquestioning will not be prolonged beyond thattime necessary to confirm or refute the suspicion.In addition, military police have the authority tomake routine checks to determine if members ofthe Armed Forces have permission to be absentfrom their organizations or stations.

b. Civilians on Military Installations WithinCONUS. Military police generally may detainand question any civilian on a military installa-tion, if such action is reasonable and is taken inpursuance of their responsibility to preserve thepeace and maintain law and order on the installa-tion. For example, a civilian, while driving hisautomobile on post, causes a traffic accident. Inthis case, he may be detained and questioned con-cerning the accident (AR 633-1). It is of great

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importance, however, to keep in mind the neces-sity of following the warning and waiver proce-dures outlined in paragraph 7-6. This authorityto detain civilians must be utilized with caution.Installation commanders will usually establish apolicy for dealing with civilians on a military in-stallation.

6-8. Use of ForceForce is necessary when apprehending a resistingsuspect. To assist you in this situation, you haveat your disposal other personnel, the military po-lice club, restraint measures and firearms.

a. Amount of Force. Only the minimumamount of force necessary is used to make an ap-prehension. The use of more force than is re-quired may render you liable to civilian prosecu-tion and/or subject to military punishment. Theamount of force permitted is that necessary to se-cure and detain the offender, overcome his resist-ance, prevent his escape, or recapture him if heescapes. You are never justified in using unneces-sary force, treating the offender with unwar-ranted violence, or resorting to dangerous meth-ods if the apprehension can be effected otherwise.

b. Unarmed Defense. The ability to apply sim-ple unarmed defense measures and come-alongholds is frequently helpful to military police insubduing suspects. A complete discussion of un-armed defense will be found in appendix B.

c. Use of the Military Police Club. The mili-tary police club is used only in circumstances inwhich it is fully justified. Learn through practiceto use the club in your left hand. This leaves your

57

I

I H a

58

right hand free to handle your firearm in case ofnecessity. Never take the club from the belt foruse except in an emergency.

(1) Holding the club. To hold the club, placethe thong over the left thumb, across the back ofthe hand, and grasp the grip. If the thong provesto be too large, turn the club in your hand afterthe grip is completed until the thong is tightacross the back of your hand. If the club is heldin this fashion, your hand does not become boundto the club if an attempt is made to pull you offbalance by pulling at the club (A, fig. 6-4).

(2) Normal usage. The club normally isused as an extension of the arm rather than as abludgeon. When used as an extension, it is easilyadapted to parrying blows on opponent maystrike. When you strike your opponent with theclub, it is with the intention of temporarily dis-abling him rather than injuring him. Direct theblow downward at the opponent's shoulder mus-cles on either side of his neck. Avoid blows to theopponent's head because of the possibility ofcausing serious injury. Direct cross blows at hisforearms, his shins, or the backs of his legs. Di-rect jabs to the opponent's abdomen or back;however, use restraint so as not to cause internalinjury. In close quarters, hold the club in bothhands for pushing, jabbing, or barring for for-ward movement of opposing individuals. B, figure6-4 shows the body vulnerable spots.

(3) Special usage.(a) Criss-cross strangle hold. To apply a

strangle hold to the opponent, approach himfrom the rear and extend your left hand with the

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SOLAR PLEXUS ABOVE CLAVICLE

RIBS SHOULDER TIP

OUTER BJC£P

FOREARM \\

INNER ELBOW

HAND

GROIN

T,. GM

KNEE CAP

SIDE OF CALF

ANKLE FRONT<

B. Body vulnerable spotsFigure 6-4-Continued.

club over the opponent's right shoulder. Bringthe club at about midway of its length againstthe front of the opponent's throat. Extend your

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right arm over the opponent's left shoulder andgrasp the end of the club. While holding on to theclub, bring both of your hands snug against thesides of the opponent's neck. You obtain maxi-mum pressure against the opponent's throat byraising your elbows. A strangle hold from therear with a club has a variety of uses. An oppo-nent may be held helpless while your assistantconducts a search for weapons. A stubborn indi-vidual may be removed forcibly and rapidly fromthe vicinity (fig. 6-5).

(b) Come-along hold. The club may beused effectively in a come-along hold for shortdistances. To apply it, grasp the offender's righthand or wrist with your right hand, straighten-ing his arm by jerking it downward. Then raisethe opponent's arm to his shoulder level, turninghis palm upward and bending his hand back-ward, downward, and outward. At the same time,with your left hand holding the club, extend theclub over the opponent's right shoulder, placingthe club against his neck and the side of his head.Press the large knuckle of the thumb of your handholding the club upward against the opponent'soustretched arm at a point about 2 inches abovehis elbow so as to contact the sensitive ulnarnerve (fig. 6-6). With your right hand, continuebending the opponent's right hand downward andoutward.

(c) In place of hand irons. The club maybe used instead of hand irons to secure an of-fender and as a come-along hold at the same time.Have the offender cross his hands behind his

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Figure 6-5. Criss-cross strangle hold.

back and slip them through the leather thong onthe club. By twisting the club until all of theslack is gone, the come-along can be tightened orloosened according to the degree of pressure re-quired to secure the prisoner. The left handgrasps the left shoulder or the clothing over theshoulder of the offender and he is pulled back-ward slightly so that he cannot pull away fromthe club end which is pressed against the small ofthe back (fig. 6-7).

d. Use of Firearms.(1) Normally you will carry your pistol in

the holster with a loaded magazine but without around in the chamber. A shoulder weapon nor-mally should be carried without a round in thechamber.

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Figure 6-6. Come-along hold.

(2) In special missions or in situationswhere the use of firearms is imminent, such aswhen apprehending a person engaged in armedrobbery, searching for an armed suspect, or pa-trolling in a hostile area, the weapon should beready for use. Local standing operating proce-dures cover these matters in detail. Use of theweapon to communicate a threat is never justi-fied. The pistol should be removed from its hols-ter only when its use is imminent and would bejustified. Pointing the pistol at a suspect, eitherwith a round in the chamber or not, to secure anapprehension is only authorized if no lesser de-gree of force will suffice to insure your safety orthe safety of bystanders.

(3) Use great caution and prudence in the

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Fiture 6-7. In place of hand irons.

use of firearms and never forget that only ex-treme necessity justifies the taking of human life.The use of firearms in the performance of yourauthorized duties is justifiable if the use is neces-

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Figure 6-8. Use of hand irons.

sary to protect your life or the lives of others.The burden of providing the necessity, however,is on you. Become aware of the conditions underwhich the shooting of an individual may be le-gally justified under the UCMJ. These conditionsare set forth in the Manual for Courts-Martial.Additionally, since personnel stationed overseasmay be subject to the jurisdiction of the local for-eign courts, become familiar with the conditionsand circumstances under which the use offirearms is legally justified under the local law inthose areas. In many cases, these laws are differ-ent from and more restrictive than provisions ofUnited States law.

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(4) The use of firearms is justifiable whennecessary to prevent the commission of an offenseattempted by force or surprise, such as an assaultwith a dangerous weapon, burglary, robbery, oraggravated arson, and to prevent the escape ofpersons in custody for committing serious offen-ses. Their use is also justified to suppress a mu-tiny or riot when directed by proper authority.

(a) Although firing on persons in the actof committing serious offenses is legally justifiedunder certain circumstances, consider beforeshooting, the nature of the offense, your ownsafety, and the safety of any persons in the area.These considerations generally will indicate whataction should be taken.

(b) In attempting to halt a fleeing sus-pect, do not fire warning shots because of the pos-sibility of injuring innocent persons and damag-ing property. If the suspect fails to stop after thecommand to halt has been repeated once, considerbefore firing whether the offense is seriousenough to warrant such action. When necessaryto fire the weapon you must aim to wound ratherthan kill.

(e) Under no circumstances will a mili-tary policeman ever use or draw his weapon to de-ceive, frighten, or to threaten a subject.

6-9. Use of Hand Ironsa. Hand irons may be used to secure a person

because of violence or anticipated violence. Theyare used only when necessary. Whenever handirons are used, double lock them. Hand irons areonly temporary restraining devices; a person in

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hand irons is not completely helpless. He can stilluse his legs, his head, his body, and to a certainextent, his arms. There are many ways of open-ing hand irons without keys; do not relax yourvigilance because you have placed the individualin hand irons (fig. 6-8).

b. The individual's hands normally are securedbehind his back, palms out (see fig. 6-9). If he isseated or if you want to impede his movements,put the hand irons on his wrists after he placeshis hands, palms out, under his knees. Four per-sons can be held in one group with two pairs ofhand irons. Place the chain of one pair on theright wrist of one person and fasten one cuff ofthe other pair around both the chain and wrist.Secure the other three persons by placing a rightwrist in each of the other three irons (see fig.6-9).

c. In applying hand irons after completing afrisk search, direct the individual to place hishands, palms out, in the small of his back. Placeeach wrist in a cuff and double lock it. Whenapplying hand irons to a person who has beengiven a wall search, while he is in the wall searchposition, have him place his head against thewall and place his hands in the small of his back.Place each wrist in a cuff and double lock it.

d. Today's military policeman may be facedwith the problem of restraining as many as 20 or30 persons in countering civil disturbances or inthe evacuation of prisoners of war. Expendableelastic restraining ties have recently been intro-duced into police equipment to facilitate such cus-

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Figure 6-9. Use of restraining ties.

todial problems. One end of the tie has a smallslot through which the non-slotted end of the tieis passed after the tie is placed around the wrists

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of the suspect. The tie may be tightened but notreleased without cutting (fig. 6-9).

e. If hand irons or plastic ties are not availa-ble, secure the individual's hands by using anecktie or belt. Place the necktie around eachwrist, make several turns between the hands, andthen knot or otherwise secure the necktie. Whenhis hands are placed in front, the knot should beplaced over his hands so that it is inaccessible tohim. Then secure the necktie to the waist belt ofthe individual.

6-10. Search of Persons in CustodyPersons apprehended must be searched immedi-ately for weapons. (See para 6-13 as to femalepersonnel.) It is during the initial handling of aperson apprehended that the greatest caution isrequired to prevent surprise and dangerous acts.However, due caution must be constantly exer-cised from the time a person is apprehended untilproper disposition is made. If it is necessary todraw the pistol during a search such as searchingmore than two suspects, the covering military po-liceman remains approximately 6 feet to the rearof the individuals being searched. The initialsearch (frisk search, wall search, or both) is pre-cautionary in nature. A thorough search (stripsearch) may be conducted when the suspect hasbeen transported to a place of detention.

a. Frisk Search. This method is a quick searchof the suspect for dangerous weapons and evi-dence (fig. 6-10). It is preferably made in thepresence of an assistant and a witness. In makingthe frisk, the searcher has the suspect stand with

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his back to him. The searcher's assistant takes aposition from which he can watch the suspect.The suspect is ordered to raise his arms. Thesearcher removes and searches the suspect's cap.The searcher then moves his hands over the sus-pect's entire body, crushing the clothing to locateany concealed weapons. When a weapon is found,or when other factors indicate the necessity,a wall search should be conducted (b below). Uponcompletion of the frisk search, hand irons shouldbe applied as described in paragraph 6-9.

b. Wall Search. You may make a wall searchwhen you deem it necessary. Based on the princi-ple of rendering the suspect harmless by placinghim in a strained, awkward position, the wallsearch affords the searcher a greater degree ofsafety (fig. 6-11). It is particularly useful whentwo military policemen must search several sus-pects. Any upright surface, such as a wall or avehicle, may be utilized. The wall search is con-ducted as follows:

(1) Position of suspect. Have the suspectface the wall (or other object) and lean against itsupporting himself with his upraised handsplaced far apart and fingers spread. Have himplace his feet well apart, turned out, and as par-allel to and as far away from the wall as possible.Keep his head down.

(2) Position of searcher's assistant. Thesearcher's assistant stands on the opposite side ofthe suspect from the searcher and to the rear. Ifthe suspect is believed to be armed the searcher'sassistant will cover the suspect with his weapon.When the searcher moves from his original posi-

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Figure 6-10. Frisk search.

Figure 6-10. Frisk search.

tion to the opposite side of the suspect, the assist-ant also changes position. The searcher walksaround his assistant during the change to avoidcoming between his assistant and the suspect.

(3) Position of searcher. The searcher, withhis weapon in his holster and the flap secured,approaches the suspect from the side. He placeshis right foot in front of the suspect's right footand makes and maintains ankle-to-ankle contact.From this position, if the suspect offers resist-ance, the suspect's right foot can be pushed back

71

Figure 6-11. Wall search.

from under him. When searching from the leftside of the suspect, the searcher places his leftfoot in front of the suspect's left foot and againmaintains ankle-to-ankle contact.

(4) Searching techniques. In taking his ini-tial position, the searcher should be alert to prev-ent the suspect from suddenly attempting to dis-

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arm or injure him. The searcher first removes thesuspect's headgear; searches it, paying particularattention to the area beneath the sweatband andto seams; and places it on the ground near his as-sistant. The headgear may be used as a containerfor certain items taken from the suspect. Thesearcher then checks the suspect's hair, ears,hands, arms, right side of the body, and right leg,in sequence. He crushes the suspect's clothing be-tween his fingers; he does not merely pat it. Payclose attention to armpits, back, waist, legs, andtops of boots or shoes. If a weapon, such as arazor, knife, brass knuckles, pistol, or anythingthat may be used offensively, is found, place it bythe headgear. Evidence found on the suspect isplaced either in or by the headgear. Any itemfound that is not considered a weapon or evidenceis replaced in the suspect's pocket. If the suspectresists or attempts to escape and has to bethrown prior to completing the search, the searchis started over from the beginning. Upon comple-tion of the wall search, hand irons should be ap-plied.

c. Search of More Than One Suspect. Whentwo or more suspects have to be searched, havethem assume a position against the same wall butfar enough apart so that they cannot reach oneanother (see fig. 6-12). The searcher's assistanttakes his position a few paces to the rear of theline. Begin the search with the suspect on theright of the line. On completing the search of onesuspect, have him move to the left of the line andresume the position against the wall. Thus, in ap-proaching and searching the next suspect, the

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n

Ci

74

searcher is not between his assistant and a sus-pect.

d. Strip Search. A strip search may be con-ducted within the military police station or otherdesignated place. This-is usually considered nec-essary when the individual is suspected of com-mitting an offense involving narcotics, if there isa possibility that he may have a concealed wea-pon not previously found, or prior to confinement.The search is conducted in an inclosed space, suchas a room or tent. Two unarmed military police-men conduct the search while a third, who isarmed, stands guard outside. A container is pro-vided for property taken from the suspect. Hisclothing, including his shoes, is removed andsearched carefully. A search of his person, includ-ing his mouth, nose, ears, hair, armpits, crotch,and other areas of possible concealment, is thenmade. Items taken from the suspect are processedin accordance with local operating procedures.

6-11. Transportation and Disposition ofPersons in Custody

a. When transporting persons in custody, in-sure that the compartment in which they ride iscleared of all articles that might be used as weap-ons. Tool and glove compartments of the vehicleshould be locked. When it is necessary for themilitary policeman to occupy the same seat withthe prisoner, the MP always sits with weaponaway from the prisoner. Persons in custody arenot fastened to the vehicle by hand irons or otherdevices but are placed where they can best be

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controlled. Safety belts in vehicles should be fas-tened.

b. These persons are taken to the military po-lice station where you are relieved of their cus-tody. Further disposition of these persons ismade by the desk sergeant or the military policeduty officer at the station according to standingoperating procedures. An entry showing the dis-position of all persons in custody is made in themilitary police blotter.

6-12. Temporary Detentiona. General. Temporary detention is an interim

status between the time a person is taken intocustody by military police and his release orfiling of charges against him within 24 hours.This detention is used in respect to a person sub-ject to military law taken into custody under thereasonable belief that the person apprehendedhas committed an offense.

b. Facilities. Facilities for temporary detentionare provided at the military police station. Cellfacilities should provide physical security stan-dards similar to those for confinement cells. How-ever, accommodations need not be as complete asthose provided for confinement purposes. Exceptin a exceptional circumstance, such as that in-volving a transportation limitation, these deten-tion cells are used only for holding an individualfor a maximum of 24 hours.

c. Records and Reports. A formal report isprepared on any detention involving an offense.The circumstances of the incident should be de-scribed in the report even though the circum-

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stances may not be derogatory to the individualdetained. Entries are made on the military policeblotter pertaining to all temporary detentions. Amilitary police desk reference card is prepared onall detentions involving an offense, including asuspicion or allegation of an offense. All propertytaken from detained personnel will be recorded onDA Form 19-31 (Receipt for Property) and acopy furnished to the detainee.

6-13. Apprehension, Search, Escort, andDetention of Females

a. Apprehension. In apprehending a femaleperson, avoid any physical force not absolutelynecessary. Always be on guard against causing ascene embarrassing to her or to yourself.

b. Search. You will not search her person.Wait until a service woman, physician, civil policematron, or womah of appropriate status is availa-ble to make the search. The suspect's handbag,luggage, packages, and coat, if removed, may besearched.

c. Escort and Detention. A female person incustody should be escorted to the military policestation. To avoid the possibility of false chargesof molestation, obtain the names and addresses ofwitnesses before leaving the apprehension sceneand contact the military police station and havethe time of your departure for the station, andvehicle mileage recorded. Also record your timeof arrival at the military police station, and therecorded mileage. More than one military police-man must be present with a female person at alltimes when a matron or service woman is not pre-

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sent. At the police station, immediate arrange-ments are made to deliver her to the nearest au-thorities of her branch of service or to a suitablefacility for detention of females. Females are notdetained in male confinement facilities.6-14. Arrest and Confinement

a. Arrest is the restraint of a person by anorder, not imposed as punishment for an offense,directing him to remain within certain specifiedlimits. When a person is ordered into arrest he isnot restrained by force but is bound by his legaland moral obligation to obey the order.

b. Confinement is the physical restraint of aperson. A person to be confined is placed underguard and taken to the place of confinement, usu-ally the stockade. The authority ordering the con-finement must issue a written order stating thename, grade, and organization of the prisonerand the offense of which he is accused.

c. Any officer may order an enlisted personinto arrest or confinement. He may do it per-sonally or through another person subject to theUCMJ.

d. Only a commanding officer may orderofficers, warrant officers, or civilians who are sub-ject to his authority into arrest or confinement.

e. There is a clear distinction between the au-thority to apprehend and the authority to arrestor confine. Any person empowered to apprehendan offender is authorized to secure the custodyof an alleged offender to include temporary deten-tion until proper authority may be notified. Thelimitations on the power to arrest-and confine donot apply in this instance.

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CHAPTER 7

INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES

Section I. ASSISTING INVESTIGATORS

7-1. GeneralCriminal investigators (CID) are responsible forinvestigating certain incidents as prescribed byregulations. These incidents are identified in theunit's standing operating procedure and may bediscussed in training and briefing periods. Gener-ally, criminal investigators are utilized in the in-vestigation of offenses for which the maximumpunishment listed in the MCM is confinement athard labor for one year or more; or which in-volve moral turpitude including homosexual activ-ities; in crime prevention surveys; in conductingcharacter investigations; and in the conduct ofpersonal security missions. Military policemen(MOS 95B) may be selected by local commandersto receive on-the-job investigative training andmay be utilized to investigate minor criminal of-fenses within their capability.

7-2. Assistance Rendereda. General. Because military police are fre-

quently the first personnel to arrive at the sceneof a serious incident, your actions at the scene areimportant to the successful completion of the in-vestigation and many times to the welfare of the

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victim. It is imperative that you perform your du-ties properly to assure that the investigation willprogress in an orderly and productive manner.

b. Rendering First Aid. Immediately uponyour arrival at the scene render first aid to in-jured persons. Disturb the scene ONLY to the ex-tent necessary to render aid. Call a doctor andambulance if needed.

c. Protecting the Crime Scene. As a militarypoliceman at the scene of a serious incident, oneof your important functions is to protect thatscene. You protect the scene to prevent the remo-val, destruction, rearrangement, or concealmentof anything and to prevent the departure of wit-nesses, victims, and suspects until the responsibil-ity for the scene is assumed by the investigatorsconducting the investigation. This affords the in-vestigators an opportunity to collect, mark, andevaluate evidence and to interview witnesses andpersons involved. Protecting the crime scene in-eludes-

(1) Clearing the immediate scene of personsnot related to the incident.

(2) Guarding the scene to prevent the entryof unauthorized persons.

(3) Protecting evidence, such as finger-prints, footprints, tire tracks, objects involved inthe incident, and glass fragments, from theweather and persons.

d. Apprehending the Offender. If the personwho is obviously the offender is at the scene andis subject to military jurisdiction, place him incustody.

e. Recording Information. Determine and re-

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cord in your notebook the names and addresses ofwitnesses and victims and request them to remainat or near the scene. In addition, note and recordfacts pertinent to the incident, particularly tran-sitory facts, such as strange odors, color ofsmoke, position of objects, and comments aboutthe incident made in the excitement of the mo-ment by persons at the scene.

f. Reporting Information.(1) When the investigators arrive at the

scene, brief them on what you have done and onthe information that you have obtained relativeto the incident. Do not give the investigatorsyour notebook; you will use it to complete yourreport of the incident.

(2) Do not release information to anyone ex-cept your superiors and personnel investigatingthe incident or performing medical or firefightingduties at the scene. Refer news reporters or othercivilians to the commander or public informationofficer concerned.

Section II. INVESTIGATING INCIDENTS

7-3. GeneralCertain incidents are investigated completely bymilitary police on patrol duty, frequently withthe assistance of the patrol supervisor. The inci-dents in this category will be presented to you inbriefing sessions. The techniques you use in con-ducting these investigations generally are thoseused by criminal investigators. The factors de-scribed below are basic to your investigation.

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7-4. Evidencea. Evidence is anything that directly or indi-

rectly tends to establish the truth of a matter offact relative to the incident under investigation.It may consist of physical objects, such as clo-thing, weapons, glass fragments, and photo-graphs, or it may be verbal or written state-ments.

b. Evidence is collected and preserved in itsoriginal state for presentation in court or until itis no longer needed. To be acceptable in court, ev-idence must be material, relevant, and unchangedin nature; its identity, possession, and locationmust be strictly accounted for from the time it iscollected until it is presented in court. This ac-counting is known as maintaining the chain ofcustody and is recorded on DA Form 19-31.Every person who had possession of a piece of ev-idence at any time prior to its presentation incourt may have to identify it in court. Insure thatthe evidence you collect does not become contami-nated, mutilated, or otherwise altered while inyour custody. In collecting and handling evidence,insure that it is-

(1) Not moved until a sketch and/or photo-graph is made showing its location in relation toother objects at the scene.

(2) Handled carefully to prevent damage toits evidentiary qualities, such as fingerprints orbloodstains, or identifying marks on the evidence.

(3) Marked for identification with your ini-tials and the date so that it can be identified at alater date.

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(4) Tagged or labeled and sealed in separatecontainers to aid future identification, and pre-clude contamination and alteration.

(5) Itemized and any transfer from you isrecorded in your notebook and on the prescribedforms so that the record of the chain of custodyis maintained and so that you obtain a receiptupon release of the evidence.

c. Using procedures established for maintain-ing the chain of custody, deliver evidence youhave collected to the military police station forstorage as prescribed by local operating proce-dures.

d. In the event a scientific evaluation of the ev-idence is needed, it may be shipped to a criminalinvestigation laboratory (FM 19-20).

7-5. Questioning Personsa. Background. On 13 June 1966 the U.S. Su-

preme Court decided the case of Miranda V. Ari-zona, a decision which has had tremendous im-pact on the conduct of police interviews and theadministration of criminal justice. The Mirandadecision sets several important limitations uponinterrogations by State and Federal law enforce-ment officials. In general, the Court held thatwhen an individual is taken into custody or "oth-erwise deprived of his freedom of action in anysignificant way" and is subjected to questioning,certain procedural safeguards must be employed"to protect the individual against self-incrimina-tion." The procedural safeguards must be em-ployed at the outset and not merely from the timeat which the investigation has proceeded to the

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point of an apprehension or custodial detention.On 25 April 1967 the Court of Military Appealsheld that Miranda was fully applicable in mili-tary law. The Court, in U.S. vs Tempia (USCMA#19, 815 (1967)), stated : "Miranda explicitlyand at length lays down concrete rules which areto govern all criminal interrogations by Federalor State authorities, military and civilian, if re-sulting statements are to be used in trials--Wecommend a reading of that opinion to all involvedin the administration of military criminal law... .Miranda does not specifically require theprocedures or their equivalent (e.g., appointmentof counsel at interrogation stage) to be followed.It merely prohibits the receipt in evidence of astatement taken unless there is compliance withthe Constitutional standards. If the Governmentcannot comply with them, it need only abandonits reliance in the case on the accused's state-ments as evidence." Thus, if sufficient evidencefor conviction has been or can be obtained, andthis evidence is not dependent upon nor deriveddirectly from the statement of the accused, andthe statement of the accused is inadmissible, aconviction may still be had utilizing the evidenceat hand.

b. Procedure. In order to prevent any state-ments from being held inadmissible by the Court,it is necessary to comply scrupulously with thewarning and waiver procedures derived from theMiranda case, Article 31, UCMJ, and the case ofUS vs Tempia. These procedures are to be fol-lowed before questioning any person or persons

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who are suspected or accused of committing anoffense.

7-6. Interviews and Interrogationsa. Witnesses. There is no legal requirement to

warn an unsuspected witness of his rights underArticle 31b, UCMJ, or the self-incriminationclause of the 5th Amendment to the UnitedStates Constitution. If during questioning the in-terrogator has any reason to suspect that a wit-ness may be involved in an offense, he should stopthe questioning and follow the procedures setforth in b below. Written statements taken fromwitnesses will be prepared on DA Form 2823(Witness Statement).

b. Suspect or Accused.(1) Warning. Prior to any questioning, a

suspect or accused person must be given a properwarning of his rights. The individual must be in-formed of the offense of which he is accused orsuspected.

"Before I ask you any questions, you mustunderstand your rights.

(a) You have the right to remain silent.(b) Any statement you make may be used

as evidence against you in a criminal trial.(e) You have the right to consult with

counsel and to have counsel present with you dur-ing questioning. You may retain counsel at yourown expense or counsel will be appointed for youat no expense to you. If you are subject to theUniform Code of Military Justice, appointedcounsel may be military counsel of your own se-lection if he is reasonably available.

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(d) Even if you decide to answer ques-tions now without having counsel present, youmay stop answering questions at any time. Also,you may request counsel at any time during ques-tioning."

(2) Waiver. After the warning is given, itmust be determined whether the accused or sus-pect understands his rights and is able to freely,knowingly, and intelligently waive them. If hedoes so understand his rights, he must then bespecifically asked these two questions:

(a) "Do you want counsel?(b) Do you want to make a statement and

answer questions?" If the accused or suspect in-dicates that he wishes to consult with counsel, hemust not be questioned until counsel is obtained.Likewise, if the accused or suspect indicates hedoes not wish to be questioned and he has nocounsel present, he must not be questioned.

Note. The foregoing is available in a pocket-sized card,Graphic Training Aid (GTA) 19-6-1, "Procedure forInforming Accused or Suspect Person of His Rights, 1 Sep1967." Each Military Policeman should carry a copy ofthis card.

c. Statement Form. Any written statementtaken from an accused or suspect person will beprepared on DA Form 2820 (Statement by Ac-cused or Suspect Person). A witness will be pre-sent when the suspect or accused is advised ofhis rights and when the affidavit is executed.

d. Situations Where Warning is Not Neces-sary. There is no requirement that individualswho volunteer information be stopped andwarned of their rights; spontaneous incriminat-

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ing statements are admissible without warning.However, the warning must be given after thevolunteered admission or statement has endedand before any questioning concerning the detailsof the offense takes place. It is permissible, how-ever, to reduce the volunteered statement to writ-ing and have it signed before the warning isgiven and continued questioning takes place.There are other situations where warnings arenot required, such as prior to purely formal ques-tions, for example: name, age, address, unit, etc.,and during general on-the-scene questioning priorto suspicion arising.

e. Questioning of Minors and Females. Whenquestioning minors and females the followingwill be considered:

(1) The general competency, mental ormoral, of a witness of 14 or more years of age isalways presumed. The competency of children aswitnesses is not dependent upon their age, butupon their apparent sense and their understand-ing of the difference between truth and falsehoodand of the moral importance of telling the truth.

(2) Military policemen must be cautious inevaluating the testimony of minors. Considera-tion should be given to having a parent present toaid in eliciting truthful information. Although aparent may be present, the presence of a disinter-ested adult is also required during the question-ing of a child under the age of 14 years.

(3) Prior to conducting an interrogation ofa member of the Women's Army Corps who issuspected of an offense, the investigator, in addi-tion to advising the individual of her rights

87

under Article 31, UCMJ, will also advise her thatshe has the right to request the presence of aWAC or other female commissioned or warrantofficer during such interrogation. In any eventthe investigator will insure that a female witnessis present, or within constant hearing, during thecourse of any interrogation or interview with ei-ther a female suspect or witness who is a memberof the Women's Army Corps.

(4) Questioning of nonmilitary female per-sonnel, including minors, should be conductedonly in the presence of a witness, preferably fem-ale.

7-7. Preparing the ReportUpon completing the investigation, prepare theappropriate report. This report must be executedcarefully and completely if it is to be of value toyour superiors, and commander of the subject.Submit the report to the desk sergeant for dispo-sition. Written statements obtained during the in-vestigation must be attached to your report.

88

CHAPTER 8

MP NOTEBOOK, REPORTS AND FORMS

8-1. Use of Notebooka. Basic information needed by you in the per-

formance of your immediate duties and informa-tion with which you can make an accurate reportof incidents is recorded in your notebook. This in-formation is recorded by you when it comes toyour attention or as soon afterward as possible.Principally, three types of information should berecorded in your notebook:

(1) Your name, grade, SSAN, and unit ad-dress, to permit identification of the notebook incase it is lost and to identify it as your day-by-day account of your duty activities.

(2) Current information of interest or guid-ance to you in the performance of your duties,such as extracts of pertinent orders and regula-tions; telephone numbers frequently used in con-nection with your duties; locations of importantplaces, organizations, and facilities, such as tele-phone stations, hospitals, fire stations; lists of ab-sentees or wanted persons with descriptions; listsof lost or stolen articles or vehicles; and impor-tant points to be covered for each type of incidentthat you are likely to encounter.

(3) Notes on your activities or observationsin the line of duty:

89

(a) Upon starting your tour of duty,enter in your notebook the date, duty hours, as-signment, and names of partners or supervisors.Record incidents or observations of a suspiciousnature or which arouse your curiosity eventhough they are not serious enough to require ac-tion at the time.

(b) Enter in your notebook the fullnames, addresses, and telephone numbers of allpersons involved in an important incident. Enteran outline of the facts of the incident and as faras possible the who, what, where, when, why, andhow of the incident.

b. Use the facts recorded in your notebook toprepare your report. By the use of your notebook,pass such information on to the desk sergeant atthe end of your tour of duty in the manner pre-scribed by local procedures. It may be that infor-mation reported by several military policemen ona series of minor incidents or observations maysuggest the existence of a problem that requiresprovost marshal action. Your on-the-spot note-book record also may be used to refresh yourmemory on details on an incident when you tes-tify in court. (See para 9-6 as to such use.)

8-2. Sources of InformationBefore making a report, obtain all the availableinformation required for the report. The infor-mation may be obtained from-

a. The scene of the incident, including vehicles,weapons and other objects.

b. Victims and suspects.c. Witnesses.

90

d. Other law enforcement agencies, if appro-priate. Civil police may have been present andnoted witnesses before you arrived. They may beable to assist you in identifying suspects.

e. Medical personnel, if their services were re-quired.

f. Persons reporting an incident.g. Documents, such as passes, leave orders, and

identification cards, found on victims and sus-pects.

h. Associates of suspects and victims at thescene.

i. Persons in the vicinity of the incident whoare not witnesses to the act itself but who mayhave related information.

8-3. Purpose of Reportsa. Military police submit reports in order to-

(1) Keep the commander informed.(2) Maintain a record of events and of in-

formation obtained that may be used as a basisfor further action.

(3) Inform the provost marshal systemati-cally of current incidents.

(4) Provide the necessary information forstatistical reports.

(5) Assist the provost marshal in his plansfor crime prevention and selective enforcement.

b. To serve the purposes set forth in a above,submit reports that are accurate and complete.Reports correctly written and promptly submit-ted through proper channels are a basic require-ment of military police procedure.

91

8-4. MP Patrol Reporta. The MP patrol report consists of what you

did on your tour of duty. Listed below are someexamples of items you normally include in yourreport.

(1) Anything out of the ordinary observedby your patrol.

(2) Any incident investigated by your patrolgiving brief details of the incident.

(3) Road conditions.(4) Safety hazards.(5) Traffic signs down or obscured.(6) Assistance rendered.(7) Ideas for improvement.

b. This report is used by the provost marshalfor his daily planning and operations. The exam-ples cited are a guide only, using the who, what,where, when, why, and how of any incident, ob-servation or assistance rendered.

8-5. Preparation of Reportsa. The provost marshal normally prescribes

the types of reports and the method of reportingfor military police under his supervision. How-ever, a word picture of an incident in narrativeform is usually required. The events should bepresented in chronological order and written insimple, clear, concise language.

b. In preparing the report, study your notes;carefully compile, analyze, and evaluate all itemsof information; and keep in mind that the reportmust present the basic story of what occurred,who was involved, and circumstances surround-ing the incident. Check your information and

92

then check your report when it is drafted tomake sure that you have included the answers tothe six basic questions of who, what, where,when, why, and how. Your report may be brief,but as far as possible it must be complete. Clearlyindicate what is incomplete as an aid in a fol-lowup investigation.

8-6. Military Police Formsa. The forms discussed in this manual are used

daily by the military policemen. These forms youwill use in performing your duties as a militarypolice patrolman. As discussed above, these formsmust be completed accurately.

b. Figures 8-1 through 8-6 are samples onhow to correctly fill out various military policeforms:

e. You will also use locally produced forms fordifferent areas that you might be assigned to.

d. Figures 8-1 through 8-6 are to be used onlyas a guide in familiarizing yourself with them.

93

DOE, John Q.

E-4 16 Mar 3 232-50-1798........ q Company, th Bn,

43rd ARTY, Fort Sill, Oklahoma

12345678 Ft sill Okla.

4 Ton Trk 484481 NADESD~ .M.. 50 a th Ave &

16 _r 64 0800 10th St.

9Oth MP Co~ Ft Sll, Okla E-4

000 -h _de .s .. brak._ ._

94 5(DD Form 1408).

(2) North on 6th Ave. at 8th St.(33 3/4 mile.(4) Subject notified to report thisticket to unit First Sergeant. Atti-tude was poor.

-mNa

JONES, Bill E-4

90th MP C0, Ft Sill, Okla.

Part 2, DD Form 1408Figure 8-1-Continued.

95

Part 3. DD Form 1408Figure S---Continued.

96

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97

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99

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Part 2, DA Form 19-32Figure 8-4-Continued.

100

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Figure 8-4. Military Police Receipt for Property(DA Form 10-JS).

101

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103

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104

CHAPTER 9

WITNESS IN COURT

9-1. GeneralAn important aspect of your duties as a militarypoliceman is appearing as a witness in court.When you make an apprehension or are involvedin the investigation of a serious offense you willmost likely be called upon to testify before acourt-martial as to what you saw and did.

9-2. PreparationWhen summoned to appear as a witness in court,you must insure that you are prepared to performyour duty.

a. Appearance. Your personal appearancemust be above reproach and in keeping with thehigh standards expected of a military policeman.

b. Review of Information. To refresh yourmemory, review your notes and the provost mar-shal files pertaining to the incident being pre-sented to the court.

9-3. Deportmenta. Observe the customs and rules of a military

court and the military service when performingduty as a witness before a courtmartial. Whencalled to the witness stand, approach the court ina military manner, salute the president of the

105

court and execute a right face. Upon instructionsof the trial counsel, raise your right hand, takethe oath, and be seated in the witness chair. Uponbeing excused, approach the court, salute thepresident, execute an about face, and leave thecourt room.

b. If the court consists of a military judge sit-ting alone, approach the judge in a military man-ner, salute him and take the seat he indicates.Upon completion of your testimony, rise, stepaway from the chair, face the judge, salute him,execute an about face and walk away in a mili-tary manner.

9-4. Your Role in the CourtYour role as a military policeman testifying be-fore a court-martial is to present the facts of thecase as you have gathered them. Regardless ofyour personal feelings you must not make judg-ments as to the guilt or innocence of the accused.This is the function of the court. Your role isthat of a completely impartial representative ofthe commander who gathers facts and objectivelypresents them to the court.

9-5. Manner of TestifyingAnswer each question in a quiet and dignifiedmanner, speaking clearly and concisely. Addressyour answers directly to the court. Do not loseyour temper. Tell only the truth as you know it,with complete impartiality. Think about eachquestion as it is asked so that you answer onlythat question. Do not offer an opinion unlessasked to do so.

106

9-6. Use of NotebookYou may use your notebook while serving as awitness to refresh your memory, if necessary. Ob-tain the permission of the court before you prod-uce your notebook. Permission may be obtainedby telling the counsel asking the question thatyou desire to consult your notebook to refreshyour memory. The counsel, will secure the court'spermission. After refreshing your memory, tes-tify in your own words; do not read aloud fromyour notebook. Your notes will be subject to theview of the court. It is important that the notesbe accurate and have been made at the time orimmediately after the incident about which youare testifying took place.

107

CHAPTER 10CRIME PREVENTION AND

POLICE INTELLIGENCE

Section I. CRIME PREVENTION

10-1. GeneralCrime prevention is concerned with activitiesthat assist in the elimination or suppression ofconditions that tend to encourage criminal acts.

10-2. Crime Prevention ActivitiesMilitary police aid in crime prevention by-

a. Enforcing military law, orders, and regula-tions, and setting an example of proper conduct.

b. Taking direct action to control military per-sonnel, such as enforcing pass and curfew regula-tions, making on-the-spot corrections, and provid-ing protective assistance.

c. Patrolling off-limits areas or establishments.d. Patrolling in a plainly visible manner.e. Observing and reporting conditions and

places that are conductive to crime.f. Participating in physical security and crime

prevention surveys.

10-3. Vice Controla. General. Military police are concerned with

the control of vice that affects personnel of theArmed Forces. Liaison with civil police, localpublic health officers, Army medical service

108

officers, and other Governmental agencies by theprovost marshal will assist in determining proba-ble vice locations and areas of operations.

b. Intoxicants. The Army policy towards theuse of intoxicants is one of control. Military po-lice enforce the regulations of the military com-mander pertaining to the sale and use of intoxi-cants. Military police enforcement is not con-cerned with the manner in which a soldier's freetime is utilized if his actions do not jeopardize hishealth or welfare. Whenever possible, militarypolice encourage self-policing among owners oftaverns and bars, e.g., refusal to serve liquor to asoldier who appears to have been drinking exces-sively. Other control measures are quick appre-hension of any soldier who becomes intoxicated,and "off-limits"' enforcement against placeswhich continually contribute to the delinquencyof military personnel.

c. Gambling. Department of the Army policyin regard to gambling stresses control. Army reg-ulations prohibit gambling in service clubs andgambling by disbursing officers. Article 134 ofthe Uniform Code of Military Justice makesgambling with subordinates a military offense.None the less, gambling is a serious problem inthat it may lead to such crimes as wrongful ap-propriation of government property, larceny, andcrimes of violence. Gambling with subordinatescan injure severely the morale of a unit and im-pair the efficiency of the personnel involved. Inthe same manner, gambling by military policewith members of other units may tend to destroythe effectiveness of those military police when on

109

duty with regard to the people with whom theyhave gambled.

d. Prostitution. The suppression of prostitu-tion is an established policy of the Department ofthe Army in its program for the welfare of per-sonnel, the development and guidance of charac-ter, and the control of venereal disease. The pol-icy applies to all overseas commands as well asthose commands within the continental limits ofthe United States, and it is the responsibility ofall commanding officers to secure compliance withthis policy. All practices which can in any way beinterpreted as fostering, regulating, or condoningprostitution will be prohibited and violationshandled through appropriate disciplinary action.All identified houses of prostitution will be de-clared "Off Limits" to all United States militarypersonnel. Action taken in this connection will becoordinated with proper authorities of the otherservices. In the United States the civil authoritieshave complete control over the suppression ofprostitution off post. The policy of suppression isaccomplished through cooperation with civilianlaw enforcement agencies and health organiza-tions. Full cooperation will be given civilian andother government agencies engaged in the sup-pression of prostitution and the elimination ofsources of venereal infection. Where local author-ities fail to cooperate, the commander may appealto higher authority to negotiate an improvementof conditions and take necessary measures suchas declaring affected areas or establishments "OffLimits" to soldiers.

110

e. Narcotics. Military police must be alert todetect any unauthorized use, possession, pur-chase, or sale of narcotics or dangerous drugs bymilitary personnel or the unauthorized introduc-tion of drugs into Government facilities or instal-lations. If at any time military police suspect thatthese items are being illegally sold or used, animmediate detailed report should be made to theprovost marshal.

f. Black-Marketing. Military police should re-port the exchange of commodities in violation ofprice, priority or rationing laws. They should ap-prehend personnel subject to military jurisdictionwho participate in black-market activities.

Section II. POLICE INTELLIGENCE

10-4. DefinitionPolice information is any particle of informationpertaining to individuals, activities or locationsin which the police have an interest, or where po-lice action may be required. Police intelligence isthe analysis and development of this informationinto a meaningful pattern to predict illegal, crim-inal or subversive activities in which the policehave an interest, in order that the police mayplan and prepare the required action.

10-5. Intelligence CycleThere are four steps to police intelligence, whichare called the intelligence cycle. The steps arePlanning, Collection, Processing, and Dissemina-tion. Intelligence must be developed from manysources, to include informants, news media, ru-mors and the like. This is usually done by a cen-

111

tralized collection agency, such as the office of alocal provost marshal. The successful develop-ment and analysis of intelligence is dependent en-tirely upon the amount and quality of intelligencetype information provided. The crucial role of theindividual military policeman in this effort isclear. He is one of the best sources of informationavailable, not only to police organizations, butalso other intelligence agencies. A military po-liceman must know his patrol area or beat inti-mately, including the trouble spots, traffic pat-terns, and people who live and work there. Hesees and talks with the people, learns their prob-lems, becomes privy to their gossip, and can oftensense or detect trouble long before the "outsider"would notice it. He must always be alert not onlyto what people tell him, but to their actions andattitudes as well. Hand bills, public notices, unex-plained activities, empty buildings, suspicious ac-tivities and the like are all vital elements of po-lice intelligence. Every piece of information, evenif it is only an opion or a suspicion must be re-ported promptly. While a single piece of informa-tion or "hunch" may not mean much in itself, itmay correspond to other, similar informationbeing collected by CID or the provost marshal. Acomplete and accurate intelligence picture can bedeveloped only by correlating items of intellig-ence from all possible sources.

Section III. COMBAT INTELLIGENCE

10-6. DefinitionCombat intelligence is that knowledge of theenemy, weather, and geographical features (ter-

112

rain) required in the planning and conduct oftactical operations. The following are examplesof combat intelligence:

a. Road and weather conditions.b. Reports of sniper fire and enemy action.c. Report on civilian populace and refugee

movements, attitudes and actions.d. Activities of any unusual nature.

10-7. Military Police ContributionThe military policeman is a valuable asset to thecommander in gathering and planning combat in-telligence. You should at all times be alert tonote, record, and report activites and conditionsof the types mentioned above, even though theymay not immediately affect your military policemission. You may also, in certain situations, bebriefed as to other general or specific activities orconditions to be observed and reported.

113

CHAPTER 11

MILITARY POLICE COMMUNICATIONS

Section I. NEED AND MEANS OFCOMMUNICATIONS

11-1. Need for CommunicationsA reliable, rapid, and secure system of communi-cations is essential to efficient military police op-erations because of the normal dispersion of mili-tary police personnel and the rapidity with whichincidents of interest to military police may arisethat require assistance or immediate reporting.In order that military police may communicateover the entire area of their responsibility, theymust have a comprehensive knowledge of all thefacilities available to them. If they are to usethese facilities, they must be thoroughly trainedin standardized methods and procedures.

11-2. Means of CommunicationsWire (telephone and teletype), radio, messenger,visual, and other sound communications facilitiesare normally available in some degree to militarypolice. Military communications facilities may besupplemented, if requirements demand, by com-mercial, civil police, or purely private facilities,such as amateur radio services. Military policeare concerned with two types of communicationsoperations. The post, camp, or station operation

114

is very similar to the communications proceduresused by a civilian police department. When mili-tary police are on duty in a combat area, com-municatins operations will be more closely tied tothe tactical communications used by other mili-tary units.

Section II. POST, CAMP, OR STATIONOPERATIONS

11-3. GeneralThe post, camp, or station communications opera-tions has three main components-telephone,radio, and messengers. In addition, teletype facil-ities may be used. It is a simplified operation de-signed to provide rapid response to calls for mili-tary police assistance and effective control of mil-itary police units.

11-4. Telephone Techniquesa. General. It may seem strange to the unini-

tiated to find a section of telephone techniques inthe forefront of a discussion of communications.If so, it serves to indicate how much a part of oureveryday lives the commonplace telephone has be-come. It is because of this dependence on a house-hold instrument that the military policeman mustbe more aware of the telephone's importance. Ina post, camp or station environment, the tele-phone is the most available and, therefore, themost important means of access the individualhas of obtaining the services of a military police-man.

b. Telephone Procedure. When you lift the re-ceiver of a telephone you are about to meet some-

115

one, to engage in a conversation as important as aface-to-face visit and YOU represent the militarypolice. The following procedures, if learned andpracticed, will facilitate increased efficiency inthe use of the telephone and contribute to thepublic relations role of your unit:

(1) Answer promptly. Treat each call as anemergency. Place yourself in the place of one whomay be ill or suffering from fear or panic. Everyring for that person is an eternity. Try to answerwithin three rings.

(2)Identify yourself and your unit. This in-sures that the caller has placed his call properlyand calms the party who may require assistance.

(3) Speak directly into the mouthpiece. Thisinsures that you will be properly understood andwill not waste time repeating information. Speakup. Don't swallow your words.

(4) Observe telephone courtesy. A calm,competent, decisive voice that is courteous willnever antagonize the caller.

(5) Take charge of the conversation. Afterthe initial exchange, and you sense the need ofthe calling party, cut off superfluous wordage byleading the call into meaningful context by ask-ing questions as to who, what, where, when. Becourteous but firm.

(6) Take all information. Write it down.Never leave anything to memory.

(7) Explain waits. Explain why it will taketime to check for information and that you willcall back. A party waiting on a "dead phone"may become irritable and uncooperative.

116

(8) Avoid jargon. Do not use slang, jargonor unfamiliar abbreviations. Use good English.

(9) Show interest. The person calling has orneeds information and to him it is important.

(10) Use caller's name. Using the caller'sname, when possible, makes him feel you have apersonal interest in his call.

11-5. Radio Operationsa. General. Radio is the primary means of

communications used to control military policeactivities. Most operations consist of a base sta-tion and a number of mobile units. Most of theradios in military police units are frequency mod-ulated voice radio sets. Only voice communicationcan give the quick transmission, quick responsetype of communication necessary for commandcontrol of highly mobile patrols. Another impor-tant reason for the use of voice FM radio is thecomparative ease of training military policemento use the equipment. Most of the equipment usedat post, camp or stations within CONUS is of acommercial type and has only two controls, vol-ume and squelch, for the operator to use.

b. The Base Staion. The base station is usuallylocated in the military police station in an areaadjacent to the MP desk. It is operated by theradio operator under the supervision of the desksergeant. The base station controls the activitiesof the mobile units. The radio operator maintainsa log (DA Form 19-43) of all transmissions andis constantly aware of the location and status ofeach mobile unit.

c. Base Station Techniques. The foundation of

117

a good radio operator rests upon reliability and-promptness. Reliability should never be sacrificedfor speed, yet speed is of equal importance.Learning and applying the following techniqueswill help to equalize speed and reliability:

(1) The radio operator should be familiarwith the call signs of all staions monitored andthe call signs of mobile units.

(2) Do not make adjustments to the radioequipment except as provided in the nature ofcontrol knobs.

(3) Listen before keying the transmitter inorder to not cause interference. Never transmitwhile another station or unit is transmitting.

(4) Courtesy can be more aptly expressed bythe tone of voice and manner of presentationthan by words.

(5) Eliminate all unnecessary talking. Beabsolutely impersonal while on the air.

(6) If, after calling a station or car twice,no reply is received, call another car and attempta relay or instruct the second car to check on thefirst. Do not fill the air with incessant and uselesscalls and do not neglect to send assistance when acar cannot be reached

(7) When you receive a request for informa-tion which is not immediately available, transmit,"WAIT, OUT," look up the information and callthe unit back. Don't tie up the air while you lookfor something.

(8) Under no circumstance allow a callingunit to go unheeded. Give a "WAIT" if necessary,but at least answer the call. If you have asked aunit to wait, call him as soon as possible.

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(9) Always identify the station when trans-mitting. When you call a mobile unit, the correctprocedure is to say--"UNIT FIVE, THIS ISCONTROL, OVER." The unit will answer,"CONTROL, THIS IS UNIT FIVE, MICHIGANAND EIGHTH STREET, OVER." The unitshould always give its location when answering acall from the base station.

(10) Definite date and time should be speci-fied; for example: 15 November instead of today,yesterday, or tomorrow; definite hour and minutetime should be used and not "a few minutes ago."

(11) Avoid phrases and words that are diffi-cult to copy or understand. Some examples ofpoor and preferred words are:Poor Preferred

Want -.-..... ... DesireCan't . UnableBuy .. . ..... PurchaseGet .. .ObtainSend .... .. . ... ForwardDo you want ..- -. - -- Advise ifFind out ..- -Advise ifCall and see -... . . ...........Check

(12) Remember the word "CYMBALS" whendescribing motor vehicles. Start at the top andmove down according to the following:Color - . ............WhiteYear - . .....1967Make - . ...........Chev Camaro, Ford Mustang, etc.Body Style - . ..... 4 DoorAndLicense RF-4714Serial number .-..05338721

d. Mobile Unit Techniques. The mobile unit is

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the second half of the radio system. It providesfor command and control over great distancesand in highly dispersed situations. It also enablesthe patrols to request assistance and information,and keep the base station aware of their location.The following techniques will assist you in oper-ating a mobile unit and in adding to the overallefficiency of the radio system:

(1) Always keep the base station advised ofyour location. Whenever you answer a call fromthe base station give your location. This savestime and eliminates the need to clutter the airwith unnecessary questions.

(2) Keep the base station advised of yourstatus. If you go off the air, notify the base sta-tion of your location; when stopping a vehicle no-tify the base station of the color, make, bodystyle, and license number. When you come backon the air, advise the base station of that fact.Always request permission of the base station togo off the air.

(3) In most radio systems all transmissionpass through the base station. You will not talkto another mobile unit without first requestingpermission from the base station.

(4) Hold commercial type microphones ap-proximately one inch from lips, press the micro-phone button down firmly, and then speak slowlyand clearly across the mouthpiece in a normal toloud voice. Do not hold the microphone directly infront of your mouth, but slightly to the side, andat an angle of about 45 degrees, so that you talkacross the face of the microphone instead of"blowing" into it.

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(5) Shouting or yelling into the microphonewill cause an extremely distorted signal and mustbe avoided.

(6) Think before you transmit. Know whatyou want to say. Say it and get off the air. Speakdistinctly, be brief and concise; and do not mum-ble.

(7) Always identify your unit when trans-mitting. The proper procedure to use in callingthe base station is "CONTROL, THIS IS UNITFIVE, OVER." The base station will answer."UNIT FIVE, THIS IS CONTROL, OVER."

11-. The Phonetic AlphabetTo help identify spoken characters, a set of easilyunderstood words has been selected to avoid con-fusion between letters. BRAVO and DELTA aremuch less likely to be confused in a radio-tele-phone conversation than B and D. All radio oper-ators must know the phonetic name for each let-ter in the alphabet. The accented syllables ofeach word are underlined in the list below:Letter * Word Pronunciation

A - . ......ALFA - . ....... AL FAHB - . .........BRAVO -. . .......BRAH VOHC - . ........CHARLIE - . ... CHAR LEED - . ...... DELTA --------- DELL TAHE -........ ECHO - .. ECK OHF - . ......FOXTROT - . ....FO KS TROTG -GOLF-...GOLF . . .....GO LFH - . .......HOTEL --- - HOH TELLI - . .........INDIA - . ......IN DEE AHJ .- . ......JULIETT - . .JEW LEE ETTK - . .......KILO - . .......KEY LOHL - . ......LIMA -. . .......LEE MAHM - . ......MIKE -. . .......MIKE

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Lettr * Word *Pronunciation

N -.. ......NOVEMBER - NO VEM BEER0 . . ... ....OSCAR - . .....OSS CAHP . ..- PAPA . ......PAH PAHQ . .--. QUEBEC ------ KEH BECKR . . ...ROMEO - . ......ROW ME OHS .. .....SIERRA - . ..SEE AIR RAHT . ....... TANGO - . .......TANG GOU UNIFORM --- _YOU NEE FORMV VICTOR . .... VIK TAHW WHISKEY . ... WISS KEYX -.... XRAY .-...... ECKS RAYY - .. ....YANKEE -..... YANG KEYZ .- . ...... ZULU . ...ZOO LOO

11-7. Number PronunciationNumbers are spoken over the radio digit by digit,but the words "HUNDRED" or "THOUSAND"are used for even hundreds and thousands. Forexample, 84 is "AIT-FOW-ER", 2,500 is "TOOFIVE HUNDRED", and 16,000 is "WUN SIXTHOUSAND." When using the ten signals, eachdigit is not pronounced separately. For example,10-4 would be "TEN-FOW-ER" and 10-52 wouldbe "TEN-FIFTY-TOO." The following is the cor-rect pronunciation of numbers:1--"WUN" . ...with a strong W and N2-"TOO" with a strong and long 003-"TH-R-EE" - with a slightly rolling R and long

EE4-"FO-WER" with a long O and strong W and

final R5--"FIE-YIV" --- with a long I changing to short and

strong Y and V6-"SIKS" -- with a strong S and KS7-"SEV-VEN" -- with a strong S and V and well-

sounded VEN

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8-"ATE" - ---- with a long A and strong T9---NI-NER" -- with a strong N at the beginning, a

long I and a slightly rolling RO-"ZERO" - with a strong Z and short RO

11-8. Procedure WordsProwords are words or phrases that have been as-signed definite meanings. These words are conciseand are used to indicate an idea which would takea longer number of words to explain. For exam-ple, the proword "Roger" means "I have receivedyour last transmission satisfactorily." Here youhave one short word replacing a rather long ex-pression. Prowords are used quite extensively inradio net operation, and because of their concise-ness, they save you a great amount of radio timeon the air. Some of the most commonly usedprowrds and their meanings are listed below:

Proword MeaningTHIS IS This transmission is from the station

whose designation immediately fol-lows.

OVER This is the end of my transmissionto you and a response is necessary.Go ahead; transmit.

OUT This is the end of my transmissionto you and no answer is requiredor expected.

GROUPS This message contains the number ofgroups indicated by the numeralfollowing.

TIME That which immediately follows isthe time or date-time group of thismessage.

BREAK I hereby indicate the separation ofthe text from other portions of themessage. To be used when there isno clear distinction between the text

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Proword Meanign

and other portions of the message.SAY AGAIN Say again all of your last transmis-

sion.I SAY AGAIN I am repeating transmission or por-

tion indicated.ALL AFTER The portion of the message to which

I have reference is all that whichfollows ....

ALL BEFORE The portion of the message to whichI have reference is all that whichprecedes ....

WORD AFTER The word of the message to which Ihave reference is that which fol-lows .

WORD BEFORE The word of the message to which Ihave reference is that which pre-cedes .....

I SPELL I shall spell the next word phonetic-ally.

WAIT I must pause for a few seconds.WAIT OUT I must pause longer than a few sec-

onds.WILCO I have received your message, under-

stand it, and will comply.ROGER I have received your last transmis-

sion satisfactorily.CORRECTION An error has been made in this trans-

mission (or message indicated).The correct version is ....

WRONG Your last transmission was incorrect.The correct version is ....

THAT IS COR- You are correct, or what you haveRECT transmitted is correct.

11-9. The Ten SignalsThe purpose of the Ten Signals is two-fold: toachieve reliability and speed in the peacetime en-vironment. Reliability is achieved by the Tena

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(10-) portion of the signal wherein the "10-" isan alert attesting to the fact that information isabout to follow. The SIGNAL portion is the in-formation content. It is the condensation of sev-eral words and it therefore achieves speed by theuse of brevity. It also achieves speed due to thefact that numbers, because of inflection, are notas easily confused as words and because numbersare more easily read through the noise that isever present in a radio system. A ten signal iscomplete in itself. The complete nationally stan-dardized ten-signals are listed below. It is real-ized that the listing is too voluminous for everyradio operation to use all of them. Most militarypolice units will select those signals which aremost useful in their particular situation. Duringtactical operations the ten signals are usually notemployed. The ten signals must not be used as ameans of classifying information or as a meansof creating security. They should be used onlywithin or between military police units, and arenot used in a theater of operations.

signal Meaning

10-1 Emergency, clear the net.10-2 Emergency, request assistance at

(location).10-3 Vehicle accident at (location).10-4 Send wrecker to (location).10-5 Send ambulance to (location).10-6 Send civil police to (location).10-7 Pickup prisoner(s) at (location).10-8 Have prisoner(s) in custody at

(location).10-9 Send police van to (location).10-10 Escort, pickup (person or convoy).

at (location).

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Signal Meaning

10-11 In service at (location).10-12 Out of service at (location).10-13 Repeat last transmission.10-14 What is your location? My location

is10-15 Proceed to (location).10-16 Report by phone.10-17 Return to your station.10-18 Last assignment completed.10-19 Do you have contact with __.

10-20 Relay to10-2110-22 Disregard.10-23 Arrived at scene.10-24 Assignment completed.10-25 Report in person to (meet)10-26 Detaining subject, expedite.10-27 Drivers license information.10-28 Vehicle registration information.10-29 Check records for wanted.10-30 Illegal use of radio.10-31 Crime in progress.10-32 Man with gun.10-3310-34 Riot.10-35 Major crime alert.10-36 Correct time.10-37 Investigate suspicious vehicle.10-38 Stopping suspicious vehicle. (Give

station complete description beforestopping)

10-39 Urgent-use light and siren.10-40 Silent run-No light or siren.10-41 Beginning tour of duty.10-42 Ending tour of duty.

-10-43 Information.10-44 Request permission to leave patrol

for

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Signal Meaning

10-45 Animal carcass inlane at

10-46 Assist motorist.10-47 Emergency road repairs needed.10-48 Traffic standard needs repairs.10-49 Traffic light out.10-5010-5110-5210-53 Road blocked.10-54 Livestock on highway.10-55 Intoxicated driver.10-56 Intoxicated pedestrian.10-57 Hit and run-Fatality, Personal

injury, property damage.10-58 Direct traffic.10-59 Convoy or escort.10-60 Squad in vicinity.10-61 Personnel in area.10-62 Reply to message.10-63 Prepare to make written copy.10-64 Message for local delivery.10-65 Net message assignment.10-66 Message cancellation.10-67 Clear to read net message.10-68 Dispatch information.10-69 Message received.10-70 Fire alarm.

-10-71 Advise nature of fire (size, type, andcontents of building).

10-72 Report progress on fire.10-73 Smoke report.10-7410-75 In contact with.10-76 En route.10-77 ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival).10-7810-79 Notify coroner.

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Sintll Me.nin

10-8010-8110-82 Reserve lodging.10-8310-84 If meeting advise ETA.10-85 Will be late.10-8610-87 Pickup checks for distribution.10-88 Advise present telephone number

of10-8910-90 Bank alarm.10-91 Unnecessary use of radio.10-9210-93 Blockade.10-94 Drag racing.10-9510-96 Mental subject.10-9710-98 Prison or jail break.10-99 Records indicate wanted or stolen.

11-10. MessengersMessengers may be used for the delivery of low-precedence messages that would otherwise over-load electrical facilities, when wire and radiocommunications are impracticable, when equip-ment breaks down, and for the delivery of bulkymaterial. Military police use messengers both asan emergency means of communications and as aregular established service. Messengers are themost secure means of communication.

11-11. Teletype and LETSa. Teletype. Most Army installations within

CONUS have facilities for transmitting and re-

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ceiving teletype messages (TWX) with otherArmy installations. This system provides a rapidmeans of transmitting written messages and canbe used for classified material. Commercial tele-type facilities may be used by military policewhen military communications are not available,and when long distance telephone, radio, or postalservice is not available.

b. LETS. Some military police stations areconnected to the national Law Enforcement Tele-typewriter System (LETS). This system is de-signed to interconnect the nation's law enforce-ment agencies for the prompt processing of stateand interstate message of a law enforcement na-ture. The system uses common carrier land linecircuits. The LETS is comprised of approxi-mately 4500 law enforcement organizations whoprocess their teletype messages through a singlecommunications center in each state. These statecenters are then interconnected through a na-tional center in Phoenix, Arizona.

11-12. Other Means of CommunicationVisual communications of various types are oftenemployed in the course of military police opera-tions. The hand signals used by traffice controlpersonnel in directing traffic are an important vi-sual means and must be understood by all mili-tary drivers. The emergency lights mounted onmilitary police vehicles are a means of communi-cating a visual warning. Of particular signifi-cance are the visual means of communication be-tween the ground and aircraft overhead. Militarypolice must be proficient in the use of ground to

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air communications equipment, e.g., signal panelsand colored smoke. Further information of visualsignals is provided in FM 21-60.

Section III. TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

11-13. GeneralThe basic principles of communications discussedin paragraphs 11-3 through 11-12 apply to tacti-cal communications operations. However, in thecombat area military police are confronted withadditional communication problems. Security be-comes a paramount consideration. Both enemyjamming activities, battle noise and mutual inter-ference from friendly stations can hamper com-munications. Terrain, field conditions, andweather can limit the range of radios. Mainte-nance problems in the field can affect the reliabil-ity of communications equipment.

11-14. Wire CommunicationsThe use of wire in military police communicationis not only desirable but also, under certain condi-tions, necessary. During periods of radio silenceor enemy jamming activities, wire may becomethe primary means of communications. In rearareas, where there is a heavy load of administra-tive and logistical traffic, wire can be employed toa great advantage. Wire communication should beused in any situation where time and securitypermits its installation. Wire nets require moretime to establish, are not as flexible as radio, andare susceptible to disruption by enemy fire, guer-rilla action, and by friendly troops, and vehicular

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movement; however, wire nets are generallymore secure and more reliable than are radionets.

11-15. Radio Communicationsa. General. Radio, as a means of communica-

tion in tactical units, is used for command andcontrol, passing of information, administrativepurposes, and liasion between and within unitswhenever necessary. It is especially adapted torapidly moving situations, amphibious opera-tions, and air-ground communications, over im-passable terrain or in large areas where wire orother means are impracticable. Radio will proba-bly be the primary means of communication usedduring tactical operations. Most of the radiosused by military police units are frequency modu-lated voice radio sets of military design. Mosthave a number of frequencies which may be used.It is essential that the military policeman bethoroughly familiar with the installation, opera-tion and maintenance of the particular type ra-dios used in his unit.

b. Advantages of Radio. The principal advan-tage of radio as a means of communication is thespeed of installation. Portable and vehicularmounted radios may be made operational in amatter of seconds. Radio is a flexible means ofcommunication. No fixed circuits are required tobe constructed, extended, or maintained. Stationsmay be added to or deleted from a radio net as re-quired. Communications by radio can be main-tained while troops are mobile. It may be inte-grated with wire, used from ground to air or air

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to air. It provides communications across terrainover which it may be impractical or impossible toinstall wire.

c. Disadvantages of Radio. Radio is the leastsecure means of communication. It must be as-sumed that interception takes place every time amessage is transmitted. Radio communication isless vulnerable to enemy fire than wire, but it issubject to interference from static, jamming, andother radio stations.

11-16. Communication Securitya. General. Communication security includes

all measures taken to deny the enemy or otherunauthorized personnel information that mightbe derived from communications. Instructionsgoverning communication security do not inthemselves guarantee communication security ormeet every conceivable situation, as operationalrequirements may limit the security that can beused. They do, however, make it possible to ob-tain a satisfactory degree of security by the sen-sible application of security rules.

b. Responsibility. Communication security is aresponsibility of command. Thus, each com-mander must establish and supervise a positiveprogram for communication security in his unit.It is also the responsibility of all military person-nel to develop a positive approach to communica-tion security. This includes the application of allmeasures that are required to guarantee success-ful communication security.

c. Physical Security. Physical communicationsecurity is the safeguarding of communication

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equipment and materials from unauthorized per-sons. Each radio station must be physically se-cure, since this will enable the radio operators touse and handle information and materials with-out fear of disclosure to unauthorized persons.

d. Transmission Security. Transmission secur-ity includes all security measures used to protecttransmissions from interception, traffic analysis,direction finding, and imitative deception. Sinceevery means of transmission is subject to inter-ception, protective measures must be taken tokeep to a minimum the information obtainable bythe enemy. The relative security of one means ofcommunication over another varies with the cir-cumstances. A complete discussion of communica-tion security may be found in FM 24-18.

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CHAPTER 12OTHER MILITARY POLICE ACTIVITIES

(NATO STANAG 2067, CENTO STANAG 2067,SEASTAG 2067 (ABCA SOLOG 68))

12-1. Traffic Controla. Definitions.

(1) Traffic control, consisting of enforcingmilitary highway traffic regulations and orders;investigating traffic accidents involving militaryvehicles or personnel; and directing military ve-hicular, animal, and foot movements, is a systemof control designed to meet military requirementsfor safe and efficient traffic movement. It is a Mil-itary Police Corps function.

(2) Highway regulation is the planning,scheduling, routing and directing of the actualuse of the highways. It is a function of theTransportation Corps.

(3) In essence, highway regulation is decid-ing who is to use the roads, while traffic control isactual physical control of those using the roads.The two functions must be completely coordi-nated.

b. Need for Traffic Regulation and Control. To-day's Army installations with their large volumeof both military and civilian vehicles present achallenge to the military police in providing forthe safe and orderly flow of traffic. Likewise,

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forces in combat must move and be suppliedspeedily and with precision. The Army uses high-way transportation for a great portion of its tac-tical and supply operations. Efficient highwaytraffic flow depends upon effective regulation andcontrol.

c. The Military Policeman's Duties. Because acommander exercises traffic control through hismilitary police, it is necessary that you under-stand the principles of traffic planning and con-trol and be proficient in directing traffic. Thetraffic control plan you apply and enforce is pre-pared under the supervision of your provost mar-shal. Accurate and timely information that yousupply him as to road and traffic conditions aidsin preparing and administering the plan. You im-plement this plan by manning traffic controlposts, checkpoints, and road blocks, and per-forming traffic patrol duty. For a detailed presen-tation of traffic regulation and control, see FM19-25.

12-2. Confinement of Military Prisonersa. General. A military prisoner is a person,

male or female, subject to the UCMJ who hasbeen ordered into confinement and who has notbeen set at liberty by proper authority. Confine-ment of military prisoners is accomplished at in-stallation confinement facilities, stockades,correctional training facilities and the U.S. ArmyDisciplinary Barracks.

b. Treatment of Individuals. Department ofthe Army philosophy is that Army confinementfacilities will be operated and administered on a

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corrective rather than punitive basis. Militaryprisoners will be treated in accordance with theirindividual needs, with a view toward solvingtheir problems and correcting their behavior.This philosophy serves as the standard for Armyconfinement personnel in implementing all phasesof confinement activities.

c. Guarding Military Prisoners. You may beassigned duties of guarding military prisoners incourt, within confinement facilities, on work de-tails, or while moving them within a military in-stallation or between confinement facilities. Yourprimary responsibility as a prisoner guard is tomaintain custody and conrol of the prisoners whohave been assigned to your charge. You performyour duties as a guard in accordance with mili-tary orders and regulations governing conduct,employment, custody, control, and correctionaltraining of military prisoners. The military po-lice brassard is usually not authorized for wearby personnel while performing the duties of aprisoner guard. You will not touch a prisoner ex-cept in self-defense, to prevent an escape, to prev-ent injury to persons or property, to quell a dis-turbance, or to assist him. In controlling or mov-ing an unruly prisoner, obtain sufficient custodialpersonnel to preclude the necessity for strikingor inflicting bodily injury upon the prisoner.When performing duty as a guard in court, sta-tion yourself in a position so that you can observethe prisoner at all times and close enough to thePrisoner to prevent him from injuring himself or

others. This arrangement should be coordinatedwith the trial counsel. You remain covered if you

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are under arms. For a complete discussion of con-finement of military prisoners, see FM 19-60.12-3. Physical Security

a. Definition. Physical security is that elementof security which results from phsycial measurestaken to safeguard equipment, materiel, docu-ments, and personnel.

b. Means of Performance. Military policemenperform duties related to physical securitylargely by means of fixed posts or patrols. Prov-iding physical security may be a primary duty, anadditional duty, or an incidental duty with en-forcement or traffic control operations. For acomprehensive presentation of physical securityoperations, see FM 19-30.

e. Protection of Persons. Military police fre-quently are detailed to act as bodyguards or es-corts for important persons and their dependentswhen the Army has the responsibility of protect-ing these persons. The bodyguard or escort mayconsist of one or several military policemen.Methods of protection include guarding the indi-viduals from plainly visible positions, from con-cealed positions, or from positions within thecrowd. Closely observe the subjects being pro-tected and all persons who could endanger them.

d. Protection of Goverment Property. The pro-tection of Government property is a duty of mili-tary police. Military police patrol duties or spe-cific duties prescribed by the commander for theprotection of property through military police op-erations, are coordinated with the duties of mili-tary interior guards and civilian security guardsif such are present. Normally, military police are

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not used as interior guards or on routine securityassignments. However, military police may bejused as guards in situations requiring specialtraining or equipment; experienced judgment,tact, and diplomacy; and the ability to make deci-sions and take immediate action in the event ofemergency. Military police may be used as super-visors for security personnel.

e. Protecting Private Property. Private prop-erty found by military police, turned over to themby other personnel, or taken by them from per-sons in their custody, is handled in accordancewith the policies established by the local com-mander. Exercise care in handling property toprevent damage or destruction and give receiptsfor property accepted for custody. The unwar-ranted destruction or damage to private propertyby Armed Forces personnel is an offense. There-fore, you are directly concerned with the protec-tion of private property from acts of vandalismby Armed Forces personnel. Military police maymake periodic checks of the security of livingquarters or private automobiles of military per-sonnel residing on an installation, who are absentfrom the area. Ususally, these persons notify theprovost marshal of their intended absence and re-quest the protective observance. The reason forthese checks is to afford the police protection thatevery member of the Armed Forces has a right toexpect in respect to his personal property locatedon an installation.

12-4. Handling Enemy Personnela. General. All personnel who are detained in-

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cident to war or other hostilities are protectedunder one of the four Geneva Conventions of1949. One of the major functions of the militarypolice is to insure that all these persons are ac-corded proper and humane treatment. Althoughthe Geneva Conventions appear complex, theirbasic spirit and intent is to do unto the enemy asyou would have him do unto you under similarcircumstances. This rule does not preclude thestrict enforcement of discipline, rules and regula-tions, but does prohibit torture, beatings and un-necessarily harsh treatment. The military police-man is alert to detect and report instances ofmaltreatment of prisoners and detainees; in doingso he prevents crimes in violation of the GenevaConventions. In the operation of detention faci-lities the military policeman applies the GenevaConventions in discipline, law and order matters,as well as the required protection of the rights ofthe individuals concerned. In doing so he protectsthe overall international interests of the Unitedthe treatment of prisoners of war is containedin FM 19-40.

b. Prisoners of war. Prisoners of war, in thesense of the present convention, are persons be-longing to one of the following categories, whohave fallen into the power of the enemy:

(1) Members of the Armed Forces of aparty to the conflict, as well as members of mili-tias or volunteer corps forming part of suchArmed Forces.

(2) Members of other militias and membersof other volunteer corps, including those of orga-nized resistance movements, belonging to a party

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to the conflict and operating in or outside theirown territory, even if this territory is occupied,provided that such militias or volunteer corps, in-cluding such organized resistance movements ful-fill the following conditions:

(a) That of being commanded by a personresponsible for his subordinates.

(b) That of having a fixed distinctive signrecognizable at a distance.

(c) That of carrying arms openly.(d) That of conducting their operations in

accordance with the laws and customs of war.

(3) Members of regular Armed Forces whoprofess allegiance to a Government or an author-ity not recognized by the detaining power.

(4) Persons who accompany the ArmedForces without actually being members thereof,such as civilian members of military aircraftcrews, war correspondents, supply contractors,members of labor units or of services responsiblefor the welfare of the Armed Forces, providedthat they have received authorization from theArmed Forces which they accompany.

(5) Members of crews, including masters,pilots and apprentices of the Merchant Marineand the crews of civil aircraft of the parties tothe conflict, who do not benefit by more favorabletreatment under any other provisions of Interna-tional Law.

(6) Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory,who on the approach of the enemy spontaneouslytake up arms to resist the invading forces with-out having had time to form themselves into reg-

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ular armed units, provided they carry openly andrespect the laws and customs of war.

c. Retained Personnel. Retained personnel arecertain enemy protected personnel such as medi-cal personnel, chaplains and, under certain cir-cumstances, members of staffs of National RedCross societies and other recognized volunteer aidsocieties, retained in prisoner-of-war camps to as-sist prisoners of war. Such retained personnel areto be accorded at least that protection affordedprisoners of war.

d. Civilian Internees. A civilian internee is a ci-vilian who is interned during armed conflict oroccupation for security reasons, for protection, orbecause he has committed an offense against thedetaining power.

e. Objectives. The objectives sought in han-dling PW and civilian internees include-

(1) To acquire maximum intelligence in-formation within restrictions imposed by the lawof land warfare.

(2) To prevent escape and liberation.(3) By example, to promote proper treat-

ment of our own personnel captured by theenemy.

(4) To weaken the will of the enemy to re-sist capture.

(5) To make maximum use of PW and civil-ian internees as a source of labor.

(6) To enforce, investigate and prevent vio-lations of the Geneva Conventions.

(7) To maintain uncontested control overPW/civilian internee/detainees.

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(8) To protect the overall interest of theU.S. Government regarding violations of Interna-tional Law.

12-5. Civil Disturbances and Disastersa. Military police on duty are authorized and

directed to quell disturbances and riots among mil-itary personnel and other persons coming undermilitary authority or to remove military person-nel from the scene of disturbance or riots amongcivilians. Military police will not attempt to quella disturbance among civilians unless so directedby their commanding officer. Military police,however, will protect Government property at alltimes.

b. Under conditions where disturbances outsideof military jurisdiction reach such proportionsthat state and local authorities cannot maintainlaw and order, Federal military forces may inter-vene if authorized by the Department of theArmy and if assistance is requested by civilianauthorities. Military police units may be used insuch cases according to local plans.

c. Assistance in civil disaster relief is primar-ily the responsibility of state and local govern-ments, the American National Red Cross, andprivate efforts and agencies. When conditions re-sulting from a disaster are so extensive thatthese agencies cannot cope with them, militaryforces may be used to aid civil authorities. Theterm military aid to civil authorities is commonlyused to imply the use of troops in the UnitedStates to aid civil authorities. For a complete dis-cussion of this subject see FM 19-15.

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12-6. Straggler and Circulation Controla. Stragglers. Stragglers are military person-

nel who, in action, become separated from theirunits without proper authority. Stragglers nor-mally will fall into the following categories:

(1) Category A. Any person who has losthis way and is attempting to rejoin his unit.

(2) Category B. Any person, who it appearscould not be held responsible for his actions byreason of a dazed or shocked condition.

(3) Category C. Any person running awayfor no apparent cause.

(4) Category D. Wounded personnel.b. Straggler Operations. Straggler control is a

basic function performed by all military policepatrols and posts in conjunction with their otherduties. Military police straggler control normallyis exercised along main routes, principal defiles,and other natural lines of drift. In a beachheadsituation, it may be necessary to locate posts ondrift lines forward of the beach to contain thosewhose duty is on the beach. In addition, postsmay be located adjacent to medical installationsin the chain of evacuation. Special straggler con-trol posts, when required, are located at criticalpoints such as on the line of the axis of an adv-ancing brigade or the natural route of evacuationof the area of a nuclear blast. Where stragglersof more than one nationality are anticipated, youmay serve at a post or on patrol in combinationwith personnel of each of the nations involved inorder that stragglers of each nationality may beproperly handled.

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c. Control of Circulation of Individuals. Thepurpose of circulation control is to provide forthe presence or exclusion of persons relative tomiltary operational requirements. Military policecontrol the circulation of individuals by checkingidentification and authorization documents. Passsystems may be supplemented by command appli-cations of off-limits and curfew measures. ArmedForces identification cards are issued to indivi-duals by the service of which the individual isa member. An identification card is for identifica-tion only and is not a pass. Circulation control isusually performed in conjunction with law en-forcement, traffic control, straggler control, andsimilar operational activities. A complete discus-sion of straggler and refugee circulation controlwill be found in FM 19-4.

12-7. Rear Area Protectiona. Rear area protection (RAP) encompasses

two broad functions-rear area security and areadamage control. Military police are primarilyconcerned with rear area security. The logicaland normal deployment of military police ele-ments in a combat area makes them ideal forRAP operations. Their areas of interest normallycoincide with the enemy's area of interest. In ad-dition, military police normally will be the firstelement to investigate an incident or to be on thescene. Their inherent mobility coupled with ex-cellent communications provides a capability toconstruct rapidly an integrated RAP element onthe spot.

b. Whenever possible, military police rear area

144

security responsibilities are programmed to prov-ide reconnaissance and escort platoons. This ap-proach provides an area commander an essentialtool for RAP operations and simultaneously prov-ides military police with the minimum equipmentto perform their reconnaissance and escort re-sponsibilities. A detailed discussion of rear areaprotection will be found in FM 19-45-1.12-8. Stability Operations

a. Stability operationsdis defined as that type ofinternal defense and internal development opera-tions and assistance provided by the ArmedForces to maintain, restore, or establish a climateof order within which responsible governmentcan function effectively and without which pro-gress cannot be achieved.

b. Military police functions and responsibilitiesin stability operations differ from those in limitedand general war principally in that military po-lice may become involved directly with host coun-try civil controls and with enforcement of emer-gency regulations. This might be required pur-suant to an agreement with the host country inthose cases where small communities and ruralvillages may have limited police resources formaintaining internal security to include law andorder.

c. Military police activities may be more diffi-cult in such operations because of the require-ment to conform to treaty obligations; laws andregulations of local government; United Nationsor other international regulations; and local cus-toms and traditions.

d. Military police support in stability opera-

145

tions involves increased emphasis on the mainte-nance of discipline and on such populace and re-sources control measures as enforcement of laws,orders, and regulations; traffic control; physicalsecurity; crime prevention and investigation;personnel and area search; curfew; cordon andsearch operations; and the operation of police in-telligence systems.

146

APPENDIX A

REFERENCES

A-i. Army Regulations (AR)10-5 Department of the Army.10-6 Branches of the Army.190-1 The Army Correction Program.190-2 Installation Confinement Facilities.190-4 Uniform Treatment of Military

Prisoners.190-5 Motor Vehicle Traffic Supervision.190-6 Loss, Theft and Recovery of Fire-

arms and Ammunition.190-8 Off-Post Military Activities.190-9 Military Absentee and Deserter

Apprehension Program.190-11 Physical Security Standards for

Protection of Weapons and Am-munition.

190-12 Sentry Dogs.190-13 Physical Security.190-14 Carrying of Firearms by DAC

Personnel.190-15 Traffic Accident Investigation190-16 Carrying Deadly or Dangerous

Weapons Aboard CommercialAircraft.

190-19 Correctional Training Facilities.

147

190-22 Seizure and Disposition of Prop-erty.

190-33 Physical Security Inspections.190-45 Records and Forms.190-46 Provost Marshal Activities.190-56 MP, Shore Patrol, and Air Police

on Public Carriers and in Trans-portation Terminals.

190-90 Suppression of Prostitution.195-11 Accreditation of Military Police

Criminal Investigators.340-16 Safeguarding "FOR OFFICIAL

USE ONLY" Information.360-5 Army Information: General Poli-

cies.380-5 Safeguarding Defense Informa-

tion.630-10 Absence Without Leave and De-

sertion.633-1 Apprehension and Restraint.670-5 Uniform and Insignia-Male Per-

sonnel.670-6 Wearing of Seasonal Uniforms

and Civilian Clothing.670-12 Attachment of Insignia, Disting-

uishing, U.S. Army.670-30 Uniform and Insignia-Female

Personnel.A-2. Field Manuals (FM)

5-36 Route Reconnaissance and Classi-fication.

19-1 MilitaryPolice Support, Army Di-visions and Separate Brigades.

148

19-4 Military Police Support Theater ofOperations.

19-15 Civil Disturbances and Disasters.19-20 Military Police Investigations.19-25 Military Police Traffic Control.19-30 Physical Security.19-40 Enemy Prisoners of War and Ci-

vilian Internees.19-45-1 Rear Area Protection.19-60 Confinement of Military Prisoners.21-6 Techniques of Military Instruction.21-11 First Aid for Soldiers.21-13 The Soldier's Guide.21-20 Physical Readiness Training.21-26 Map Reading.21-30 Military Symbols.21-60 Visual Signals.22-5 Drill and Ceremonies.22-6 ,Guard Duty.23-35 Pistols and Revolvers.24-1 Tactical Communications Doctrine.24-18 Field Radio Techniques.27-10 The Law of Land Warfare.30-5 Combat Intelligence.31-16 Counterguerrilla Operations.31-23 Stability Operations, U.S. Army

Doctrine.

A-3. Technical Manuals (TM)

9-Series Appropriate to Weapons and Ve-hicles Available.

11-Series Appropriate to CommunicationEquipment Available.

149

21-305 Manual for the Wheeled VehicleDriver.

38-750 Army Equipment Record Proced-ures.

A-4. OthersManual for Courts-Martial, 1969 (Revised Edi-

tion)Graphic Training Aid (GTA) 19-6-1, "Pro-

cedure for Informing Accused or SuspectPerson of His Rights", 1 Sep 1967.

150

APPENDIX B

UNARMED DEFENSE

B-i. GeneralThe purpose of unarmed defense measures is tohelp you to protect yourself and overcome attacksby other persons while using a minimum of force.Unarmed defense involves the expert applicationof holds or throws to the attacking opponent. Thenecessary prerequisites are elementary knowl-edge of anatomy and physical and mental fitnesst:o enable you to execute your intentions. The basicprinciples and certain simple holds and throwswith which to defend yourself against the attackof an opponent, overcome his resistance, and takehim into custody are presented in this chapter.

B-2. TrainingTraining in unarmed defense measures is essen-tial. In training, care must be used to avoid in-jury. Participants should cooperate with eachother and agree upon signals, such as patting theleg or mat, to inform each other when too muchpressure is being applied. The signals must beobeyed instantly and the hold relaxed. Training isnecessary to develop the skill of applying holdsquickly and to teach what degrees of pressuremay be applied without serious injury. For fulldetails of training, see FM 21-150.

151

B-3. Six Basic Principles of UnarmedDefense

Unarmed defense measures are based on six basicprinciples that you must understand and be ableto apply. These six principles in application are-

a. Balance. Maintaining your own while break-ing the balance of your opponent.

b. Stahara. Utilizing your abdominal musclesas a source of power to escape holds applied byyour opponent.

c. Maximum Versus Minimum. Putting yourstrongest effort against the weakest point of youropponent's grip or hold.

d. Momentum. Utilizing your opponent's mo-mentum to overcome him. For example, you causehim to lose his balance by side stepping, trippingor ducking when he rushes at you.

e. Major and Minor Operations. The major op-eration is getting the correct hold. The minor op-eration is the application of pressure. If you com-bine these two, the results might be a brokenbone or other serious injury. In practice, applythese operations separately. When subduing anopponent, no limits should be placed on two oper-ations. However, keep in mind that only neces-sary force is used to complete the operation andachieve your objective of submission.

f. Leverage. Applying leverage to produce painin an opponent or to break his balance and stancein order to throw him.

B-4. Defense MeasuresThe measures described below provide you with

152

relatively simple but effective protection. Theyutilize the principles defined above.

a. Defense Against Chokes. Defenses againstchoke holds must be fast and immediately suc-cessful. Speed in breaking a choke hold is essen-tial; if a choke hold is applied properly, uncon-sciousness can be produced within five to sevenseconds and death may result in a little morethan twice that length of time.

(1) Windmill defense. If an opponent graspsyour throat from the rear, (a, fig. B-l) executethe following:

(a) Quickly raise the right arm aboveyour head,

(b) Pivot to the right from your hips,swinging your raised arm across the opponent'sarms to break his hold with the force of yourarm and shoulder action (b, fig. B-1).

(2) Wedge defense. If the opponent graspsyou with a choke hold from the front, quickly as-sume a modified boxer's stance (a, fig. B-2).Bring your hands together, palm to palm, withyour firearms parallel to the ground. Then driveupward with your arms between the opponent'sarms, to strike and force them apart, and breakhis hold (b, fig. B-2).

b. Defense Against Wrestling Holds. Defensemeasures against wrestling holds may be appliedto the left as well as to the right by substitutingleft for right in the measures outlined below:

(1) Side headlock. While he is facing in thesame direction as you are, the opponent's rightarm, reinforced by his left, has encircled yourneck. To break the hold-

153

Figure B-1. Windmill defense.

(a) Bring your left arm over the oppo-nent's right shoulder and grasp him under thechin (figure B-3). At the same time, catch theopponent's right knee with your right hand (fi-gure B-3A).

(b) Straighten the upper part of yourbody suddenly, pull hard to the rear with yourleft hand, and pull upward with your right handto raise the opponent off the ground (figureB-SB).

(c) Slam the opponent to the ground andfollow through with the appropriate control mea-sures (figure B-3C).

154

Figure B-2. Wedge defense.

(2) Front headlock. If the opponent gets afront headlock on you (fig. B-4), execute the fol-lowing:

Grasp the opponent's legs above the knees,drive both feet and legs between the opponent'sfeet and legs and sit down; at the same timedrive both arms erect and snap your bodystraight, throwing opponent well away from you(figure B-4).

c. Defense Against Firearms. Unarmed de-fense against a firearm is highly dangerous.There are two basic facts that would warrant

155

® ®Figure B-S. Side headlock.

your attempting to disarm an opponent; first,there must be an absolute necessity for disarminghim, and secondly, the weapon must be where youcan reach it. It takes a great deal of skill to dis-arm an armed opponent if you are unarmed. Skillis obtained through practice. Study the tech-niques of disarming an opponent as set forth inFM 21-150.

d. Defense Against a Knife. The first line ofdefense against an opponent armed with a knifeis to avoid close body contact. Outdoors, usesticks, stones, or a handful of dirt or sand. In-doors, use anything that you can pick up, such asa bottle, a chair, or a table. A coat or blanket

156

Figure B-S-Continued.

wrapped around your arms is good protectionagainst knife wounds. As your opponent ap-proaches closer, pivot and drive to either kneewith a leg smash. For specific techniques, see FM21-150.

B-5. Protective ThrowsProtective throws are used when come-alongholds prove insufficient for effective control whentaking a person into custody. You should knowand understand the six basic principles of un-armed defense before you practice throws.Throwing a person can cause considerable injuryand should never be accomplished until other

157

Figure B-4. Front headlock.

courses of action have been taken. There aremany different techniques of throwing. Two basicthrows from which many throws are derived areas follows:

a. Hip Throw. Hip throw is executed as fol-lows:

(1) Facing the opponent, grasp his rightupper arm with your left hand. Retain the holdwith your left hand and encircle the opponent'swaist with your right arm.

(2) Place your right foot before and to theinside of, the opponent's right foot.

(3) Pivot on the ball of your right foot,shift your buttocks under your opponent's waist-line, and place your left foot before, and on the

158

Figure B-4--Continued.

inside of, the opponent's left foot. Your right footwill be inside of the opponent's right foot (a, fig.B-5).

(4) Squat straight down into a quarter kneebend. Pull hard with your right arm, pullingyour opponent's body tight against yours, and hisbalance will be broken.

(5) Straighten your legs, bend forwardslightly at the waist, pull your opponent withboth hands, and swing your body quickly to yourleft (b, fig. B-5).

(6) Direct the opponent's fall as near toyour feet as possible in order to apply furthercontrol measures (c, figure B-5).

159

Figure B-5. Hip throw.

b. The Basic Shoulder Throw.(1) Step out with your right foot to oppo-

160

nent's right foot, at the same time with your lefthand grasp opponent's right arm at the elbow (a,fig. B-6).

(2) Pivot to the left, at the same time bend-ing at the knees and driving your right armunder opponent's right armpit (b, fig. B-6).

(3) Have your hip about three inches toright side of the opponent.

(4) To throw your opponent, snap yourknees erect, pull hard with your left hand downtowards your left foot, and drive your rightshoulder down towards your left knee (c, fig.B-6). As the opponent hits the ground, youshould have an automatic submission hold onhim.

B-6. Come-Along HoldsA come-along hold is used to assist in the move-ment of an unwilling person from one place toanother. Its aim is to control the movement ofan individual without injuring him. The holdsare accomplished by the use of leverage or pres-sure on a sensitive part of the body to induce painor discomfort. They must be executed quickly andwith as little commotion as possible. Before at-tempting to use come-along holds, determinethrough experiment the holds that are best suitedto your capabilities in a given situation. Sincespeed is essential in successfully applying theseholds, practice until you are proficient. The fol-lowing come-along holds are recommended:

a. Arm Bar Come-Along. To accomplish this

161

S

Figure B-6. Shoulder throw.

hold, approach the individual from his front andexecute the following:

(1) Place right foot to outside of opponent's

162

right foot (approximately 18 inches) (a, fig.B-7).

(2) Grasp inside of opponent's right wristwith your right hand (b, fig. B-7).

(3) Pull opponent off balance to his front.(4) Pivot on ball of right foot, 1800.(5) Bring both feet on line with opponent's.(6) Bring your left arm up over your oppo-

nent's right arm, encircling his arm, then bringyour left fist between his elbow and your chest (c,figure B-7).

(7) Rotate opponent's right wrist to therear.

(8) Push downward on his arm to applypressure.

b. Gooseneck Come-Along. To accomplish thishold approach the individual from his front andexecute the following:

(1) Step forward with your left foot alongoutside of opponent's right foot (a, fig. B-8).

(2) Grasp inside of opponent's right arm atelbow with left hand (a, fig. B-8).

(3) Grasp opponent's right hand with yourright hand (b, fig. B-8).

(4) Place thumb inside bend of the wristand fingers across back of opponent's right hand.

(5) Pull opponent's right elbow back anddown sharply into your stomach.

(6) Bend opponent's right forearm upagainst your chest (c, fig. B-8).

(7) Reinforce right hand with your lefthand by placing thumbs side by side in bend ofopponent's wrist.

163

3

Figure B-7. Arm bar come-along.

(8) Fingers laced across the back of oppo-nent's wrist.

(9) Apply pressure by rotating palm of op-ponent's hand down, and around (d, fig. B-S).

164

(10) Forcing opponents hand back towardhis forearm.

c. Hammerlock. Accomplish this hold in thefollowing manner:

(1) Forcing the opponent, step forwardwith your right foot and grasp the opponent'sright arm with your right hand, above his elbow.(a, fig. B-9).

(2) In one movement, pull the opponent'sright arm forward and bring your left arm for-ward so that your forearm strikes the opponent'sright forearm at right angles and drives it to therear (b, figure B-9).

(3) Immediately pivot to the right, goingbehind the opponent, release your right hand andbring your right hand to the opponent's chin;grasp the chin or put your forearm under hischin.

(4) This action brings the opponent's rightwrist into the crook of your left arm. From thisposition, press the opponent's hand upwardagainst his back and maintain the pressure. Hemay be leaning forward from this action (c, figureB-9).

(5) Complete the come-along by bringingthe opponent to an upright position so that hemay walk. To do so, pull his head to the rearwith your right hand or arm (d, fig B-9).

d. Finger Come-Along. This hold is tiring tomaintain but is useful in escorting an individualfor a short distance. It is executed in the follow-ing manner:

(1) Facing the opponent, grasp his leftwrist firmly with your left hand, at the same

165

time grasp two or three fingers with your righthand, and step to his left side with your rightfoot (a, fig. B-10).

®3

Figure B-8. Gooseneck come-along.

166

Figure B-8-Continued.

(2) Swing your left leg counterclockwiseuntil you are standing beside your opponent.Your arms should be straight in front of you andyour opponent's body; his palm will be upwards(b, fig. B-10).

(3) Apply pressure by pulling the fingers to-ward his elbow while keeping his arm up highand straight (c, fig. B-10).

167

4R.I

Figure B-9. Hammerlock.

168

Figure B-9--Continued.

169

Figure B-9-Continued.

170

Figure B--10. Finger come-along.

171

INDEX

Paragraph Page

Accessories, white, military police 3-5g 28Actions at fire 5-8 44Air:

Force - ----- 2-8 18Patrols 5-5c 42

Alphabet, phonetic - . .-- 11-6 121Appearance -3 25Apprehension:

Aids to identifying suspects 6-3 46Approach:

Estimate of the situation -- 6-4a 48Plan of operation -. .... 6-4b 49To a building - . .... 6-4e 51To a group -------------- 6-4d 50To a vehicle 6-4 51To an individual 6-4c 50

Females 6-13 77General -.... ------ 6-1 45Questioning before -. . .. 6-5 54Use of force -..----- 6-8 57Use of hand irons -- 6-9 66Voice commands -6-6 54When . 6-2 45

Approach .-.. .........-- 6-4 48Arm guide B-6a 161Armed forces:

Agencies:Air Force -------- 2-8c 18Coast Guard ..- 2-8d 18Military Intelligence .---- 2-8e 19

172

Parag.rph Pnge

Marine Corps -2-8b 18Navy- 2-8a 18

Police Detachment - -2-8f 19Assisting investigators:

Apprehending offender - - 7-2d 80Protecting the crime scene . ... 7- 2 c 80Recording information -------- 7-2e 80Rendering first aid ----- - 7-2b 80Reporting information .---- - 7-2f 81

Auxiliary communications ----. 11-11 128Barracks, disciplinary ----. - 2-7e(2) 17Belt, leather -------------- 3-5e 28Black-marketing - -10-3f 111Blotter, military police- - 6-1b 76Brassard, military police ---- 3-5a 27Building, approach 6-4e 51Cages, prisoner-of-war . 2 -7c(2) 15Camps, prisoner-of-war . . .... 2-7d(3) 16Choke, defense against ---------- B-4a 153Circulation control ------------ - 12-6 143Civil Disturbances - -12-5 142Civilian internees -12-4d 141Club, military police ----------- 6-8c 57Coast Guard ............ 2-8d 18Collecting:

Points, prisoner-of-war ------ 2-7d(1) 16Points, straggler - -2-7c 15Stragglers -12-6 143

Come-along holds:Arm guide - -B-6a 161Finger come-along - -B-6d 165Hammerlock ----.-- B-6c 165With club ----------- 6-8 57Wrist come-along .--- ----- B-6b 163

Commander, military police unit --- 2-4 12Communications:

Auxiliary - ------- 11-11 128Means - ----- 11-2 114

173

Pangph Page

Messengers 11-10 128Need ..................... 11-1 114Number pronunciation --------- 11-7 122Phonetic alphabet ------------ 11-6 121Procedure words .- . ........... 11-8 123Radio operations ------------- 11-6 117Security -------- 11-16 132Tactical communications ------- 11-13 130Telephone techniques -. 11-4 115Teletype and telegraph ------ 11-11 128Ten signals ------------------ 11-9 124

Conduct -...... 8.. ............. S-2 21Confinement 6-14b 78Corrections, on-the-spot ----------- 6-2b 45Crime prevention:

Activities --- -------------- 10-2 108Vice control --- --- 10-a 108

Crossed pistols insignia ----------- 1-6 8Damage control -- --- -- 12-7 144Defense measures (see unarmed

defense)Deportment, in court ------------. 9-3 106Descriptions, personal 6-3c(2) 48Desk reference cards -6-c(1) 48Detention:

Females ------------------- 6-13 77For questioning - 6-7 56Temporary ---- ----------- 6-12 76

Disaster ---- ---------------- 12-5 142Disciplinary barracks 2-7e(2) 17Disposition of persons in custody -11 7.Disturbances, civil --------- 12-6 142Equipment, military police -35 27Escort, females -- ---- --- 6-13 77Evidence -7-4 82Facilities, operational 2-7 814

174

Paragraph Pare

Females:Apprehension 6-13a 77Detention 6-13c 77Escort 6-13c 77Prisoners 6-13c 77Search -6-13b 77

Finger come-along ---------- - B-6d 165Fingerprints - - - 6-3c(4) 48Firearms - 6-8d 62Fixed posts- - 5-7 43Foot patrols- - 5-3 38Force, use of 6-8 57Forms - - 8-5 92Frisk search - 6-10a 69Front headlock B---4a(2) 155Functions, military police 1-8 9Gambling, control --------------- 10-3c 109Government property, protecting -- 12-3d 137Group, approach ------------- - 6-4d 50Guarding military prisoners ------- 12-2c 136Guide, arm ------- - B-6a 161Hammerlock -B-6c 165Hand irons - -6-9 66Hip throw B-5a 158History, Military Police Corps -_- 1-5 5Identification of suspects .- . .... 6-3 46Incident:

Investigation - 7-3 81Reports -- ---------- 8-4 92

Individual:Approach to ---.. 6-4. 50

Information:Release of -- ---------- 4-4c 33Sources ------------- --- 8-2 90

Insignia --------------- 1-6 8Intelligence, police -.-------.- 10-4 111Internee, civilian --- ---------- 12-4d 141Interrogations .------ ------ 7-6 85

175

Paragraph PaUe

Interviews 7-5b 84Knife, defense against ----------- B-4d 156Leather belt .-.... ............. 3-5e 28Marine Corps --------- 2-8b 18Messengers - ------.. 11-9 124Military Police Corps:

Functions ----- .----- 1-8 9History ----------------- 1-5 5Insignia - ----- ------- 1-6 8Mission ------------------ 1-4b 5Motto -. --- -- 1-7 8

Military prisoners:Definition- ------ 12-2a 135Facilities ------.-------- 2-7e 16Guarding 12- 2 c 136

Motor patrols ---- -------- 6-4 48Motto -1-7 8Movement:

Female prisoners -----.. 6-13c 77Persons in custody ------. - 6-11 75

Narcotics control ---------- -- - 10-3e 111Navy -- ---- 2-8a 18Notebook, military police - . .... 8-1 89Number pronunciation -11-7 122On-the-spot corrections 6-2b 45Operational facilities 2-7 14Organizations, military police -- 2-6 13Patrolling-

with civil police - ... .5-6a 42with personnel of other services _ 5-6b 43

Patrols:Air ------------ 5-5c 42Foot -.----------- 5-3 38General ---- -------- 5-1 37Motor ..--------------- 5-4 39Terminal ----------------- 5-5a 41Train - ----------------- 5-5a 41Water ------- - -- 5-5b 41

176

Paragraph Pare

Phonetic alphabet ------------- 11-6 121Physical security:

Definition ------- 12 -3a 137Means ---------------- 12-3b 137of persons ---------------- 12-3c 137of government property - 12-3d 137of private property ------ - 12-3e 138

Police detachments, Armed Forces _ 2-8f 19Police intelligence:

Definition - ---.-- 10-4 111Collecting information --------- 10-6 112Intelligence cycle 10-5 111

Post, fixed -... - 5_7 43Principles, unarmed defense B-3 152Prisoners:

Disposition 6-11b 76Questioning 7_5 83Rights while questioned - . ... 6-14 78Search - -- ------ 6-10 69Transportation 6-11a 75

Prisoners of war:Cages 2-7c(2) 15Camps ------------- ----- 2-7c(3) 16Collecting points 2-7d(1) 16Definition - ----- - ------ 12-4b 139

Private property, protecting ----- 12-3e 138Procedure words --------------- 11-8 123Prostitution, control of ------ -- 10-3d 110Protecting:

Government property -------- 12-3d 138Persons - --------- 12-3c 137Private property ------ 12-3e 138

Protective throws B-5 157Provost marshal -......-- - 2-3 12Provost Marshal General, The . ... 2-2 11Public relations:

Definition --- 4-1 31Principles - -- 4-3 32

177

Paragraph Page

Relationship with civil police - 4-6 35Furnishing information ------- 4-5 34Standards of appearance, con-

duct and behavior 4-4 32Questioning:

Before apprehension 6-5 54Radio: (See also communications)

Security 11-16 132Ten signals - -- 11-8 123Operations --- 11-5 117Procedure words - -.- 11-8 123

Reports:Incident 6-12 76Preparation 8-4 92Purpose - ------ ------- 8-3 91Sources of information ------- 8-2 90

Restraint:Use of force 6-8 57Use of hand irons 6-9 66

Retained personnel . .-...... ..... 12-4c 141Rights of persons questioned _ _ 6-14 78Riot 12-5 142Scene of incident:

Approach - --- 6-4 48Protecting -------- 7-2c 80

Search:Females 6-13b 77Frisk ---- --- -- 6-10a 69Of more than one suspect . ... 6-lO 73Of persons in custody - _ 6-10 69Strip -.-- --- 6-10d 75Wall 6-10b 70

Security, communications -- 11-16 132Shoulder throw ---- B-5b 160Side headlock B-4a(1) 153Signals, ten 11-9 124Sketches 6-3c(3) 48

178

Paragraph Pare

Sources of information ........ 8-2 90Standards, military police 3-2 21Station, military police - . .. . ... 2-7a 14Stockade 2-7e(1) 16Stragglers 12-6 143Strangle hold, crisscross ---------- 6-8c(3) 59Strip search -....... 6-10d 75Suspects, aids to identification .... 6-3 46Tactical communication -. . .... 11-13 130Telephone techniques - . .... .11-4 115Temporary detention:

Facilities - -.........- 6-12b 76Records and reports ---- --- 612c 76

Ten signals - ----- ----------- 12-8 145Terminal patrols - 5-5a 41Testifying in court --- -----..- 9-5 106The military policeman - . ... 2-5 12The Provost Marshal General ---- 2-2 11Throws, protective . ----- B-5 157Traffic control - ----.-......- 12-1 134Train patrols -.............. 5-5a 41Training, unarmed defense -. B-2 151Transmission security -. . .... 11-16 132Transporting persons in custody - 6-11a 75Treatment:

Females - 6-13 77Persons being questioned 7-5a 83Prisoners of war ----------- 12-4 138

Unarmed defense:Against a knife -........... B-4d 156Against chokes - . ........ B-4a 153Against firearms -. ......... B-4c 155Against wrestling holds .. B-4b 153Basic principles .- -- B-3 152Come-along holds B-6 161Protective throws B- 157Training B-2 151

Uniform - 3-4 27

179

Paragraph Pae

Unit commander, military police 2-4 12Vehicle, approach to 6 4f 51Vice control --- ------- 10-3 108Voice commands -. ............. 6-6 54Wall search - ----- 6-10b 70Water patrols 5-5b 41Wedge defense ----------- B-4a(2) 153Whistle - -.- 3-5f 28White accessories - 3-5g 28Windmill defense .------------- B-4a(1) 153Witness in court:

Appearance ---------------- 9-2a 105Deportment .------------ 9-3 105Manner of testifying 9-5 106Preparation ... ---- ---- 9-2 105Use of notebook 9-6 107

Wrestling hold, defense against ---- B-4b 153

180

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

W. C. WESTMORELAND,General, United States Army,

Official: Chief of Staff.KENNETH G. WICKHAM,Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

Distribution:To be distributed in accordance with DA

Form 12-11 requirements for The MilitaryPoliceman.

i U. S. GOVERNMIENT PRITING OFFICE: 1970 - 390-536 (9013C)