The Middle East. What do you know ? Oldest Cities in the World 7 of the 12 oldest cities in the...
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Transcript of The Middle East. What do you know ? Oldest Cities in the World 7 of the 12 oldest cities in the...
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The Middle East
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The Middle EastWhat do you know ?
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Oldest Cities in the World
7 of the 12 oldest cities in the World are in the
Middle East
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Project Middle East
Present in class
Story set in the Middle East• You will write a fictional story set in the
Middle East. The story is fictional but must be based in reality. Use common names of the Middle East. Make sure I know where the story is being set and what year it is. Make sure your story is distinct to the Middle East. Example in class (100 points)
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Oldest CityGaziantep, Turkey
5,600 Years Old
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Theft Rate(per 100,000)
United States 4697
Israel 4113
Libya 270
Lebanon 172
Jordan 149
Other ME Countries under 129
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Sex Offenses (100,000)
Kuwait 60
Israel 48
U.S. 35
Qatar 30
Saudi Arabia 19
Turkey 6
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Murder Rate (100,000)
Lebanon 19.2
United States 7.9
Jordan 2.7
Syria 2.2
Israel 1.8
Qatar 1.7
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Crime Rate (100,000)
Israel 6,005
U.S 5,031
Egypt 2378
Jordan 629
Kuwait 575
Lebanon 489
Qatar 212
Saudi Arabia 25
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The Ancient Middle East
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10,000 Years Ago Most PeopleBedouins
(Nomads- Move from place to place)
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What decreased the Bedouin population ? What would make
people stay in one place ?
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Irrigation which led to FarmingPeople begin to stay in one place,
cities form.
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Egyptian Religion
King and God equals at the top
Nice Afterlife for those who obey
Pyramids
Hieroglyphics ( How we know what they thought)
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Religion dominates life 6000-1500 B.C.
Why did people turn to religion ?
Explanations
Little – no science
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Hammurabi’s CodeKing of Babylon (1792-1750 b.c.)
Code of do’s and don’ts
Different Laws for different people
Marriage and Divorce
Key : “Eye for and Eye”
Steal = Hand Cut off
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Homework 1
Hammurabi’s Code
(An Eye for an Eye)
1) Explain the code
2) Give your opinion on the idea behind the code
3) Should the code be followed today here in the
United States ?
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Islam (570-600)
Muhammad
Quran or Koran
Mecca - Jerusalem - Medina
(Muslims)
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The Five Pillarsof Islam
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The Giving of Alms
Charity
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Belief in One God and the Muhammad is the Prophet
Allah = God
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Pilgrimage to Mecca
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Pray Five Times a Day Facing Mecca
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Fasting in the 9th Month of Ramadan
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Other Muslim Rules
No Eating of Pork
Drinking of Liquor
No Gambling
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What else do Muslim’s believe
From the Quran
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Islam as a System of Government
• All power belongs to God
• Government protects religion (unlike U.S.)
• Muhammad’s followers prepared law based on his teachings
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The Four Caliphs
1st Caliph = Muhammad’s Friend
Caliph leads Islamic State
Jihad = Holy War
4th Caliph = Ali (Muhammad’s Son in Law)
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Shi’i and Sunni MuslimsShi’I, Shiite,Shi’ite
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Shi’i
Believe Ali is the Ruler
Islamic Leaders godlike
Leader now = Ayatollah
Iraq, Iran, Lebanon
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Sunni
Koran is Authority
Leaders teach Muhhamad’s Teachings
Friendlier with U.S.
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait
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Islam Spreads until 732
Middle East, N.Africa, Spain
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The Battle of Tours
Charles “The Hammer” Martel
French Leader
Stops spread in Europe
Probably a reason we are not primarily Muslim
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Abbasid Empire
Increased trade
750-1258
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Ottoman Turks Rule Region
1300’s - 1900’s
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20th Century Middle East
Ottoman Turks in Decline
German Influence
Rule over Iraq,Syria, Palestine, Israel, Jordan,
Saudi Arabia,Yemen Libya
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Zionist Movement
Theodore Herzel’s Jewish State
80,000 Jews in Palestine by 1914
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World War I
Turks with Germans
British (Lawrence) drive out Turks from most of Middle
East
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Treaty of Versailles
British and France divide
up the Middle East
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Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud unites Arab tribes
From poor to rich when Oil is found
Hand Chopped off for Stealing “Eye for an Eye”
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World War II
The Holocaust
6 Million Jews tortured and killed
United Nations formed
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The Israeli Revolution
United Nations takes over world decision making
UN wants to divide Palestine
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1948 - Israel Proclaimed
British leave Palestine
Arabs invade
Jews win battle
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Israel
Western Style Government
Democracy
Law of Return (any Jew)
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The Suez Battle of 1956
Egypt under Nasser takes Suez Canal from British and
French
UN Stops activity, Keeps Canal open for Westerners
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The Six Day War (1967)
Israel Gains Territory
Israel offers terms of return for Palestinians but they
refuse
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Six Day War
Israel Defeats Gains
Egypt Gaza Strip
Jordan West Bank
Syria Golan Heights
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Yom Kippur War (1973)
Syria and Egypt attack Golan Heights and Suez Canal
Egypt spreads across Suez
(Gain for Egypt)
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Camp David (1978)
Israel, Egypt and U.S.
Israel returns Sinai to Egypt
Israel gains passage thru Canal and Tiran
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PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
Fight for return for Palestinian Muslims to Israel/Palestine
Yassar Arafat
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Lebanon
On Israeli Border
Civil Wars and fighting with Israel
Christians, Sunni, Shi’I, Palestinians, Israeli troops
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Hezzbollah
Terrorists
Hijackings, Hostages, Bombings
Shite Muslims
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Iran
Shah Reza - 1940’s
(US Puppet)
Shah’s Autocratic Government controls
Oil Wealth
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Religious leader - Ayatollah Khomeni exiled in 1960’s
Iran - 94% Shi’i Muslim
Ayatollah returns in 1970’s
Unites people against the Shah (Strikes and Protests)
1978 Shah Heart Attack, fleas to U.S.A.
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Ayatollah leads attack on U.S. Embassy
65 Hostages
13 Released Early
Ordeal lasts over 1 Year
Election of Reagan scares them
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Iraq
60% Shi’I
35% Sunni (But did Control the Govt.)
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1979 - Saddam Hussein becomes Military Dictator of Iraq
1980’s War with Iran 1990 Attack Kuwait
2003 Falls from PowerU.S. Takeover
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Iraqi-Kuwait Dispute
Iraq claims Kuwait belongs to them
Iraq claims Kuwait steals Oil
Iraq claims Kuwait undercharges USA and others (Oil)
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War in the Gulf
Blow by Blow TV Coverage
Iraq totally defeated by U.S. and Friends
Israel stays out of war
New Technology
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The New War
World Trade Center-Pentagon
Hijackings
September 11, 2001
Bin Laden (Al Queda network)
1000’s Dead
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Study for the Map Quiz
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Handout Middle East Map