The Middle East in the Modern WorldThe Middle East in the Modern World

ZionismZionism andand

Palestinian Palestinian NationalismNationalism

1896

the "Jewish Question”the "Jewish Question”growing Anti-Semitism in Europe was pushing

the establishment of a Jewish State

ZionismZionism andand

Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism

1896

the "Jewish Question”the "Jewish Question”growing Anti-Semitism in Europe was pushing

the establishment of a Jewish State

Zionist Organization Zionist Organization "called for the establishment of a home for the Jewish people in Palestine secured under public

law".

ZionismZionism andand

Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism

Ottoman Empire loses control of region after WWIUnited Nations MandateMandate system

Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration1917 - Supported creating a homeland for the Jews

Allowed Jews to migrate to region during the MandateArab Palestinians saw British rule

and Jewish settlement as Imperialism

ZionismZionism andand

Palestinian NationalismPalestinian Nationalism

The Founding of IsraelThe Founding of Israel

The Holocaust during WWII increase support for the founding of a Jewish homeland

Hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees move to region

1948 - 1948 - IsraelIsrael officially formed officially formed

Day after United Nations leave Israel is attacked by the Arabs

…Israel wins.

Six Day WarSix Day War – (1967)

Arab nations attack Israel…Israel wins

Israel takes land from Palestiniansas a buffer zone

Palestinian and Arab ResistancePalestinian and Arab Resistance

PLO - Palestine Liberation OrganizationYasser ArafatYasser Arafat

Dedicated to destruction of Israel, reclaiming the land, and creating an official

Palestinian state (country)

Because of past violence, Israel considers the PLO a terrorist group

Palestinian ResistancePalestinian Resistance

MUNICH OLYMPICSMUNICH OLYMPICShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7-WvfWXn7U

Because of past violence, Israel considers the PLO a terrorist group

Palestinian ResistancePalestinian Resistance

Yom Kippur War Yom Kippur War – (1973)Egypt and Syria attack Israeli controlled territories in the eve on Jewish Religious holiday

Israel gained the upper hand, however…– The Soviet Union threatened to help the PLO– The US supported Israel and put its military on alert

…Israel maintains control of land

Palestinian and Arab ResistancePalestinian and Arab Resistance

OPEC ReactionFurious that the United States had supported Israel,

Arab members of OPEC organized an oil embargo against the United States

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

UN votes on Palestinian StatehoodUN votes on Palestinian Statehood

http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/11/29/israeli-official-downplays-palestinian-statehood-bid-ahead-un-vote/

IranIranand the Hostage Crisis

Shah PahlaviShah Pahlavi– Helped to power by U.S.– Build industries– Gave oil contracts to Foreign companies– Women were educated– Recognized Israel

•Secret police terrorized opponents– Sharia hardliners

IranIranand the Hostage Crisis

Iranian Revolution – 1979

Ayatollah Khomeini– Shah violated Islamic Law– Established Islamic Republic – Sharia Law– Secular courts– Women’s rights

9.11September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

•19 Arab terrorists hijacked four airliners

•Two crashed into the World Trade Towers

•One crashed into the Pentagon

•The last plane crashed into a field Pennsylvania when passengers attack the terrorist

– The plane was headed for the White House

9.11

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

About 3,000 died Over 300 New York City firefighters and 40

police officers who ran into the buildings to help evacuate citizens

Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom

Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors

Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom

Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors

Many believed that Hussein was stockpilingWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

and he threatened to use them if attacked.

Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi FreedomSaddam Hussein defied UN weapons

inspectors

Many believed that Hussein was stockpiling

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and he threatened to use them if

attacked.

Oct 2002, the Democratic controlled Congress authorized Bush to use military

against Iraq

Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom

Saddam Hussein defied UN weapons inspectors

Many believed that Hussein was stockpilingWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

and he threatened to use them if attacked.

Oct 2002, the Democratic controlled Congress authorized Bush to use military against Iraq

The US launched Operation Iraqi Freedom In March 2003

Hunting for the TerroristsHunting for the Terrorists

Osama Bin Laden Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)(Saudi Arabia)organized the attacks

Bin Laden spent some time hiding in Afghanistanprotected by the Taliban Regime and linked to the al-Qaeda terrorist group

After the Taliban refused to hand Bin Laden over to the US, the US attacked Afghanistan

Hunting for the TerroristsHunting for the TerroristsOsama Bin Laden Osama Bin Laden (Saudi Arabia)(Saudi Arabia)

Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan Bin Laden found in house about one mile from Pakistan military base.military base.

United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group killed Bin Laden and several others in Development Group killed Bin Laden and several others in

night raid on night raid on May 2, 2011May 2, 2011

Impact on American Life Impact on American Life

• Life in America has changed forever

• Terrorist attacks are no longer seen as some distant issue, but in our own backyards

• Wave of anti-Muslim sentiments within the United States