The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro.
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Transcript of The Middle Ages The Changes of the Late Middle Ages Mr. Pagliaro.
The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages
The Changes of the Late Middle AgesThe Changes of the Late Middle Ages
Mr. PagliaroMr. Pagliaro
Key Idea…Key Idea…
In the 1300s, the foundations of Europe In the 1300s, the foundations of Europe were rocked by religious scandal, disease, were rocked by religious scandal, disease, and warfareand warfare
VocabularyVocabulary
TermsTerms– Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity– The Great Schism (aka The Great Schism (aka
the Western Schism)the Western Schism)– bubonic plaguebubonic plague– Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War– dauphindauphin– War of the RosesWar of the Roses
NamesNames– AvignonAvignon– John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe– Jan HusJan Hus– Joan of Arc (Joan of Arc (Jean d’ArcJean d’Arc))– House of TudorHouse of Tudor
Babylonian Babylonian Captivity: 1307-1378Captivity: 1307-1378
Philip IV (France) vs. Boniface VIII (Pope)Philip IV (France) vs. Boniface VIII (Pope)– Issue: Taxing clergyIssue: Taxing clergy– Estates-General createdEstates-General created– French soldiers French soldiers arrestarrest Pope Pope
Died shortly afterDied shortly after– French cardinals elect a French Pope (Clement V)French cardinals elect a French Pope (Clement V)
AvignonAvignon– Pope = puppet of French KingPope = puppet of French King
ie-Attack on Knights Templarie-Attack on Knights Templar
Avignon
TWO POPES!?!TWO POPES!?! Great Schism-1378 to 1417Great Schism-1378 to 1417
– Rome (Urban VI) vs. Avignon Rome (Urban VI) vs. Avignon (Clement VII)(Clement VII)
– People upset with Church issuesPeople upset with Church issues John Wycliffe-Translated Bible into John Wycliffe-Translated Bible into
EnglishEnglish– Promoted separation of Church and statePromoted separation of Church and state– Promoted church poverty, simple clergyPromoted church poverty, simple clergy
Jan Hus (John Huss)-Renounced Jan Hus (John Huss)-Renounced BOTH popesBOTH popes
– Excommunicated, burned at stakeExcommunicated, burned at stake
Council of Constance (1414)Council of Constance (1414)– Re-established Papacy in RomeRe-established Papacy in Rome
The Black DeathThe Black Death
The following is the creation of Susan Pojer, The following is the creation of Susan Pojer, a teacher in Chappaqua, NYa teacher in Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
The Disease The Disease CycleCycle
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.
Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Human is infected!Human is infected!
The CulpritsThe Culprits
The The SymptomsSymptoms
Bulbous (Buboes)
Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
1347: Plague 1347: Plague Reaches Reaches
Constantinople!Constantinople!
From the From the Toggenburg Toggenburg BibleBible, 1411, 1411
Lancing a BuboeLancing a Buboe
Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague
Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague
Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Medieval Art & the PlaguePlague
An obsession with death.
Boccaccio in Boccaccio in The The DecameronDecameron
Boccaccio in Boccaccio in The The DecameronDecameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and
dinner with their ancestors.
The The Danse Danse MacabreMacabre
Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague
A Doctor’s Robe
“Leeching”
Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague
Flagellants:Self-inflicted “penance” for our
sins!
Attempts to Stop the Attempts to Stop the PlaguePlague
Pograms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Death Triumphant !:Death Triumphant !:A Major Artistic A Major Artistic
ThemeTheme
A Little Macabre A Little Macabre DittyDitty“A sickly season,” the merchant
said,“The town I left was filled with dead,and everywhere these queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses’ eyes,eating them away.”
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,“They crawled upon the wine and bread.Pale priests with oil and books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre A Little Macabre Ditty (2)Ditty (2)
“I had to laugh,” the merchant said,“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;“And proved through solemn disputation“The cause lay in some constellation.“Then they began to die.”
“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,“And then they turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned black,they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre A Little Macabre Ditty (3)Ditty (3)
“I came away,” the merchant said,“You can’t do business with the dead.“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade (cloth)…”And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality
Rate35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
What were thepolitical,
economic,and social
effectsof the Black
Death??
Effects of PlagueEffects of Plague
Trade declined. Prices rose.Trade declined. Prices rose. People demanded higher pay.People demanded higher pay. Peasant riots in Western Europe.Peasant riots in Western Europe. Attacks on Jews.Attacks on Jews. Church prestige lost.Church prestige lost.
– Priests abandoned duties.Priests abandoned duties.
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
Causes: Causes: – Death of Philip IV of France and sons by 1328Death of Philip IV of France and sons by 1328
Possible end of Capetian DynastyPossible end of Capetian Dynasty– French claimant: Philip of ValoisFrench claimant: Philip of Valois
– English claimant: King Edward III, grandson of Philip English claimant: King Edward III, grandson of Philip IVIV
– English held lands in FranceEnglish held lands in France– FlandersFlanders
Wool industryWool industry Use English woolUse English wool
English SuccessEnglish Success
Mostly raids, not long Mostly raids, not long battlesbattles– Crecy (1346)Crecy (1346)
Foot soldiers defeat knightsFoot soldiers defeat knights– LongbowLongbow
– Poitiers (1356)Poitiers (1356) Gap due to PlagueGap due to Plague Capture French kingCapture French king
– Caused French peasant revoltsCaused French peasant revolts
Issues for EnglandIssues for England
1399: King Richard abdicated throne1399: King Richard abdicated throne– Unpopular tyrant (taxes)Unpopular tyrant (taxes)
Henry, duke of Lancaster, became King Henry IVHenry, duke of Lancaster, became King Henry IV– Did not resume warDid not resume war
Final PhasesFinal Phases
Battle of Agincourt (1415)-English VictoryBattle of Agincourt (1415)-English Victory– Treaty (1420)-Henry V of England gained French crown Treaty (1420)-Henry V of England gained French crown
upon death of Charles VIupon death of Charles VI Both died in 1422!Both died in 1422!
Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)-supported claims of Joan of Arc (Jean d’Arc)-supported claims of Charles VII (F)Charles VII (F)– Rallied French troops at Siege of Orleans (1429)Rallied French troops at Siege of Orleans (1429)
Charles crownedCharles crowned
– Captured in 1430, tried as a witch, burned at stakeCaptured in 1430, tried as a witch, burned at stake
Joan of Arc (1412Joan of Arc (1412--1432)1432) Inspiration for French resurgenceInspiration for French resurgence
Impact of Hundred Years’ WarImpact of Hundred Years’ War
French expelled English from kingdom 1453French expelled English from kingdom 1453 Change in European warfareChange in European warfare English Turmoil over defeatEnglish Turmoil over defeat
– War of the Roses (1453-1487)War of the Roses (1453-1487) Henry Tudor, House of Lancaster def. the House of YorkHenry Tudor, House of Lancaster def. the House of York
Why it matters now…Why it matters now…
Age of Faith endedAge of Faith ended– Schism, scandal, the role of the Church in the Schism, scandal, the role of the Church in the
plague, and excessive wealth turned people offplague, and excessive wealth turned people off
Age of Chivalry/Fedualism endedAge of Chivalry/Fedualism ended– No use for knights/castles with introduction of gunsNo use for knights/castles with introduction of guns– Deaths of nobles in Plague, Hundred Years’ War and Deaths of nobles in Plague, Hundred Years’ War and
War of the Roses further weakened feudalismWar of the Roses further weakened feudalism
Unit SummaryUnit Summary
The High Middle Ages saw changes in The High Middle Ages saw changes in society in terms of…society in terms of…– A Middle ClassA Middle Class– Changes from a Christian continent to individual Changes from a Christian continent to individual
kingdomskingdoms