The Middle Ages Europe’s Geography Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas...
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Transcript of The Middle Ages Europe’s Geography Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas...
![Page 1: The Middle Ages Europe’s Geography Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas Navigable rivers Warmer climate from the - North Atlantic Drift.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022033101/56649e7b5503460f94b7cb16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Middle Ages
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Europe’s Geography•Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas
•Navigable rivers
•Warmer climate from the - North Atlantic Drift
All this in a relatively small area
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The Germanic Kingdoms• No Cities (small villages)• No written laws (customs)
• 400 - 700 A.D. Larger Kingdoms start to take shape
• The Strongest of these Kingdoms was the Franks
• In 481, Clovis, King of the Franks took over Gaul (France)
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The Germanic Kingdoms
In 496, Clovis (a pagan) prayed to the Christian God for a victory…..he won…….On Christmas Day, he and 3,000 of his warriors were baptized
Now Clovis had a new ally - The Roman Catholic Church
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The Germanic Kingdoms
Charles Defeated the Muslims (Moors) at the Battle of Tours (732) keeping them out of Europe (other than Spain)
Charles Martel (686-741)
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Charlemagne747 - 814
King of the Franksdefeated
•Lombards in N. Italy
•Saxons in Germany
•Muslims in S. France & N. Spain
•Avars & Slavs in the East
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Charlemagne
……then in 800, Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne to help put down a rebellion of Roman Nobles
Charlemagne came to the rescue.
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Charlemagne
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned him, the….
• united Christian Europe• tied Pope to western leaders• began a rife with Eastern Europe
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Charlemagne
Controlled his huge Empire through nobles and land grants he sent out….
Royal messengers who kept tabs on 200 nobles
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Charlemagne
Built his capital…..
……Aachen, this was to be the 2nd Rome, and it was here that he established new schools with Latin as the model going forward
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Charlemagne“Charles the Great”
•Central Government
•Spread Christianity
•Model for future kingdoms
•Education
•Preserved records
•Blended cultures
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne dies in 814….. His son “Louis the Pious” rules from 814-840, when he died war between his 3 sons breaks out for 2 years
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Treaty of Verdun843
Divides Charlemagne’s empire into three kingdoms This weaken Europe, and the three kingdoms later breakup even further
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476RomeFalls
481to
511Clovis
714to
744Charles Martel“the Hammer”
747to
814Charlemagne
843Treaty
ofVerdun
1000Leif
Erikson&
Vinland
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After the Treaty of VerdunOutsiders (Vikings, Moors, etc.) see an opportunity with a weakened Europe
Landowners start to become more self-sufficient
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KING
PowerfulLord
PowerfulLord
PowerfulLord
LesserLord
You
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
LesserLord
SerfSerfSerfSerf Serf Serf Serf Serf
FiefsProtection
FiefsProtection
rightto farmLand
Laborfees
Militarymoney
Militarymoney
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Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Feudalism - A political system that provided protection for it’s members.• Hierarchy – a group of people organized by rank.•Fief – A large feudal estate or farm.
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Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Vassal - A person under the protection of the feudal lord.
• Knight – An armed soldier who served a lord.
• Oath of Fealty - an expression of loyalty to one’s lord.
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Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet
• Manor – a castle, fief, or estate of a lord.
• Serf – A peasant bound to work the land of a lord.
• Heraldry – designing family coats of arms, recording genealogy.
• Liege – Superior Lord vassal (# 1 Lord vassal is committed to).
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• Page – Sent off to learn basic skills and…….
• Squire – Begin the real training
• Knight – Held to the highest standard …honorable
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• Only 3% of Norway is farmable
• Longships were extremely versatile
• Worked themselves up into a frenzy before battle
Threatened Europe from 900 to 1100