The Microbial World and YOU
description
Transcript of The Microbial World and YOU
The Microbial World and YOU
Chapter 1
MICROORGANISMS• Tiny organisms usually too small to be
seen with the naked eye• Diseases and illnesses
– AIDS, infections, food poisoning
• Commercial applications– Vitamins, enzymes, alcohols, drugs
• Important to Ecosystem– Bottom of food chain, decomposers,
photosynthesizers
• Food Industry– Vinegar, pickles, cheese, yogurt and bread
MicrobesMicrobes
FUNGI
EukaryotesUnicellular or multiSexual or asexualDecomposersHyphae and
mycelia
BACTERIAProkaryotesUnicellularPeptidoglycan in cell wallsBinary fissionSeveral shapesFlagella
ARCHAEA
ProkaryoticCell walls lack peptidoglycanExtreme environments
E. coli 10000x magnification
Crenarchaeota, ammonia oxidizing
Entoloma hochstetteri New Zealand
ALGAE
Eukaryotes
Photosynthetic
Cell walls of cellulose
Uni or multicellular
PROTOZOA
Eukaryotes
Unicellular
Variety of shapes and sizes
Sexual or asexual
VIRUSES
Not alive
Nucleic acid and protein
Reproduce only with host machinery
Parasitic
HELMINTHS
Flat and round worms
Microscopic at some point of life cycle
HIV
Review of Nomenclature
• Carolus Linneus• Two name• Genus (capitalized) species (not
capitalized)– Examples: Homo sapiens, Bos taurus
• After mentioned, abbreviated with the initial of the genus and the full species name. – Examples: H. sapiens, B. taurus
• Except when it is as the beginning of the sentence
BRIEF HISTORY
HOOKE(1665): observed first cell
LEEUENTHOK(1676):
1st live microorganism
Hobbie collecting microscopes (400+)
MORE HISTORY
Spontaneous Generation Debate (1861)
REDI: maggots on meatNEEDHAM/SPALLANZANI:
boiled broth “vital force”PASTEUR: broth and bottles,
orgs are present in nonliving matter (on solids, liquids and in the air)
• Fermentation (conversion of sugar to alcohol)
• Pasteurization (high heat for short amount of time)
Pasteur’s S-shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in
HISTORY CONT….PASTEUR: Germ theory of disease:
microorganisms might cause disease– 1865: silkworm disease caused by
protozoanLISTER (1860s): applied germ theory to
medical procedures– Used disinfectants
KOCH (1876): discovered Bacillus anthracis– Koch’s postulates– Est. sequence for directily relating
microbe to diseaseJENNER(1796): smallpox vaccination
(vacca = cow)Koch
HISTORY CONT….
Ehrlich (1910):chemotherapy revolution– Found “magic bullet”,
salvarsan– Sulfonamides (sulfa
drugs)
Fleming (1928): 1st antibiotic
Penicillium notatum
HUMAN WELFAREHUMAN WELFARE
• Microbial Ecology– recycle elements of soil and atmosphere
• Sewage Treatment• Bioremediation
– Remove toxins from wells, chemical spills, toxic waste sites and oil spills
• Insect pest Control– Bacillus thuringiensis-alfalfa caterpillars,
bollworms, corn borers, etc.
• Biotechnology– Recombinant DNA– Gene therapy
• Microbial Ecology– recycle elements of soil and atmosphere
• Sewage Treatment• Bioremediation
– Remove toxins from wells, chemical spills, toxic waste sites and oil spills
• Insect pest Control– Bacillus thuringiensis-alfalfa caterpillars,
bollworms, corn borers, etc.
• Biotechnology– Recombinant DNA– Gene therapy
HUMAN DISEASE
• Normal microbiota (flora)– WHY?
• Biofilms: complex aggregation of microbes– Tongue (pictured below)
• Infectious diseases– What are some?
Question for you…..
• Advertisements tell you that bacteria and viruses are all over your home and that you need to buy antibacterial cleaning products. Should you?
Works Cited• http://news.softpedia.com/images/news2/Ammonia-Loving-Archaea-Win-Landslide-Majority-2.jpg]
• http://img2.scoop.co.nz/stories/images/0705/d40ac49a6df120748719.jpeg
• http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/hoffmangallery/stentor.html
• http://cleantechnica.com/files/2008/07/106253991_ebf50013a0_m.jpg
• http://www.scumdoctor.com/images/Pictures-Of-Human-Worm-Parasites.jpg
• http://www.bgpa.wa.gov.au/c/bgpa/pub/stories/events/images/autumn_workshops/thumbnails/linneaus.jpg