The Med TalkIowaDiabetesSummitAudienceCopy Med Talk (3).pdfTeach ‐back was the most common...

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Strategies to Help People withType 2 Diabetes Start and Stick to Their Diabetes Medications Credentials: BSN Clinical Health Coach Certified Application Counselor (Current student:MSNInformatics) Contact: [email protected] Work Setting: Linn County Public Health Credentials: Masters of Nursing in Health Advocacy Certified Medical Surgical Registered Nurse Certified Diabetes Educator Contact: [email protected] [email protected] Work Setting: UnityPoint Health (Cedar Rapids, Iowa): Combined Inpatient Glycemic Management and Outpatient Educator NonUnityPoint Affiliated: Type2andYou.org Type2andYou with Meg (a diabetes podcast)

Transcript of The Med TalkIowaDiabetesSummitAudienceCopy Med Talk (3).pdfTeach ‐back was the most common...

Page 1: The Med TalkIowaDiabetesSummitAudienceCopy Med Talk (3).pdfTeach ‐back was the most common strategy for ensuring patient understanding (64.9%) 75% ofProvidersnotethatthey“Always”

Strategies to Help People with Type 2 Diabetes Start and Stick to Their Diabetes Medications

Credentials:

BSN

Clinical Health Coach

Certified Application Counselor

(Current student:MSN‐Informatics)

Contact:  

[email protected]

Work Setting:

Linn County Public Health

Credentials:

Masters of Nursing in Health 

Advocacy

Certified Medical Surgical 

Registered Nurse

Certified Diabetes Educator

Contact:  

[email protected]

[email protected]

Work Setting:

UnityPoint Health (Cedar Rapids, Iowa):

Combined Inpatient Glycemic

Management and Outpatient Educator

Non‐UnityPoint Affiliated:

Type2andYou.org

Type2andYou with Meg  

(a diabetes podcast)

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Megan Muñoz

Self‐Managed Stockholder in Tandem and Dexcom

Cindy Fiester

None

Identify the depth of the medication adherence problem in T2D

Identify barriers to med adherence in T2D Identify at least two techniques that can be applied to practice to improve medication adherence

Identify at least one resource that can impact medication adherence outcomes

Cost is a major, recognized barrier for medication adherence for patients.  However, this presentation is focused on adherence techniques assuming cost has been addressed.  

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I knowwww…it’s hard after lunch!

American Diabetes Association (2019). Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia: Summary of Proceedings. Retrieved from https://professional.diabetes.org/sites/professional.diabetes.org/files/media/ada_therapeutic_inertia_interior_final.pdfEdelman, Steven V. and Polonsky, William H. Type 2 Diabetes in the Real World: The Elusive Nature of Glycemic Control.Diabetes Care 2017 Nov; 40(11): 1425‐1432.https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16‐1974

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Most Common  Patient Reported Barriers:

Diabetes Burnout

Forgetting Medication Doses

Not Seeing Immediate Benefit in Blood Sugars

Brand Name is Perceived as More Effective than Generic

Concern for side effects

Nelson, L. A., Wallston, K. A., Kripalani, S., LeStourgeon, L. M., Williamson, S. E., & Mayberry, L. S. (2018). Assessing barriers to diabetes medication adherence using the Information‐Motivation‐Behavioral skills model.Diabetes research and clinical practice, 142, 374–384. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.046Brown, M. T., & Bussell, J. K. (2011). Medication adherence: WHO cares?.Mayo Clinic proceedings, 86(4), 304–314. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0575

Medication Management and Safety Assessments 

Linn County State Innovation Model Grant 2016‐19

Number of Respondents = 57

Hospital (n = 30), Primary Care Clinic (n = 19), FQHC (n = 18), Public Health, Free Clinic, Diabetes Center, Specialty Clinic, Pharmacy

Provider, Nurse, Care Coordinator, Educator or Health Coach, Pharmacist/Resident, Social Worker, CEO, Clinical Manager

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A majority of participants (87.7%) state that their organization does provide medication education  Most commonly believed to be provided by provider, nurse, or pharmacist. However, no clear staff role responsible or protocol established for providing education

Typically 2‐5 minutes is spent on education. Time constraint played a significant role for 59.7% of respondents

Teach‐back was the most common strategy for ensuring patient understanding (64.9%) 75% of Providers note that they “Always” or “Usually” use teach‐back

12%

23%

28%

14%

4%

19%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Very Good Good Acceptable Poor Very Poor Does Not Apply

A majority of respondents state that their organization does not have a protocol or process in place to confirm medication adherence (52.6%); an additional 19.3% of respondents were not sure if their organization had a  protocol in place.

Personal processes Ask at appointment (56.9%)

Pharmacy Verification (39.2%)

Involve other members of care team (11.8%)

Discuss barriers with individual (9.8%)

Contact patient (9.8%)

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12.5%

12.5%

20.8%

25.0%

29.2%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Med Syn programs

Medication Delivery

Med Pack programs

Private Counseling

Automatic refills

A majority of respondents (77.8%) state that they regularly ask patients about external barriers to taking their medications.

Care Coordinator, Social Worker, Health Coach: 87.5%

Providers: 82.1%

Nurses: 66.7%

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

Cost (n = 41; 75.9%) Uninsured/Underinsured

Lack of Available Finances

Competing Priorities Social Stressors

Basic Needs (ex: Housing, food, bills)

Transportation EIHC and Hospital patients 

particularly

OTHER

Misunderstanding (n = 23; 42.6%) When to start meds

How often meds need to be taken

Purpose and importance of taking meds

Possible side effects

Lack of Motivation Forget to take medications

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ANCILLARY REFERRALS

Process for referral differed between organizations and at times respondents in same organization Respondents associated with 

EIHC were most likely to agree on a specific process for referral; including staff responsible for handling

TRIGGER TO DIABETES EDUCATION

3.5%

7.0%

7.0%

8.8%

56.1%

61.4%

75.4%

84.2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Physician Discretion

Patient Requests Referral

Does not apply

Lack of Achievement

Change in health status

Lack of Engagement/Compliance

A1C

New Diagnosis

Identify staff person responsible for providing medication education

Educate staff on agency practices and protocols Formalize and improve the process for, Providing medication education

Tracking and identifying medication adherence

Referring patients to external resources including diabetes education

Communicating patient information between discharging hospital and clinics (particularly for those without interfacing software)

March 2018

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Routine and Organization Helpful Opportunity: Med Pack 

program Misunderstanding of 

Medications Side Effects* Dosage* Timing* Storage Importance and purpose* Stop when feel better* Change dose when feel 

needed*

Communication Poor or no instruction on 

taking med. Providers do not listen Providers and clinics do 

not communicate with one another▪ Medication changes not 

communicated following discharge

▪ Inaccurate medication list at different providers

Medication Barriers Cost*

Transportation*

Rural locale

Physical Limitations

Pharmacy▪ Refills delayed

▪ Different refill schedules▪ Opportunity: Med Sync and Medication DeliveryPrograms 

▪ Price differences between pharmacies

Care Coordination Care coordinator or advocate assists with barriers, improving medication understanding and adherence

Want care coordination system

We get it, Megan and Cindy….it’s a problem.  But what do we do??

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Help Decrease the Diabetes Self‐Care Burden

PWD is ABLE to Make an Informed Decision vs an Emotional Decision

PWD Feels  of Equal Importance on Their Healthcare Team

Understanding PWD Perspectives

Trialing Interventions

Changing the Narrative

NO ONE says

“Sign me up for a new kidney and a fake leg….”

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Cost

Potential SE

Timing

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He got off all meds.  But it’s not working for me.  What am I doing wrong??

• She takes insulin.  She should’ve taken better care of herself.  I would never let myself get that bad.

PWD‐Perceived “Success”

Weight loss

Little to no need for medication

Any medication use other than insulin

Science‐Based Reality Sustained weight loss near 2‐5% success rate

Only about 15% manage diabetes w/omedication

Healthy BG, BP, and Cholesterol lead to great outcomes regardless of medication type or body size

CDC. (https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/meduse/fig3.htm

Our Language Has Lasting Impacts…

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We Don’t Give Credit Where Credit is Due…Pulmonary HTN

Asked to Quit Work

Shame and Guilt around using state‐funded assistance

Using Regular Insulin OTC

Regular Hypoglycemia

Hasn’t seen PCP for 10+ years

Forced to Move in  With Mom

Cardiomyopathy

Distrust of Medical System

Life expectancy 6 months‐1 year

Pick Up Insulin From Pharmacy

Pay out of Pocket for Insulin

Take Time to Take Insulin Doses

Check Glucose Levels

Continue Despite the Negative Impacts of Hypoglycemia

Understanding PWD Perspectives

Trialing Interventions

Changing the Narrative

We are theirhealthcare team.

They are not our patient.

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Affective empathy and partnership have the two largest impacts on patient adherence.  Ranking higher even than expertise….

“empathy …is of unquestionable importance”

No thank you… put those glasses back up and pat my back!

Kim, S. S., Kaplowitz, S., & Johnston, M. V. (2004). The Effects of Physician Empathy on Patient Satisfaction and Compliance. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 27(3), 237–251.

LISTENING IS KEY

“How well do you think your diabetes plan is working?”

“Tell me your biggest concern about your diabetes plan right 

now.”

“Have you had to stop your medications for any reason?”

“Many people struggle with taking their medications, how often do 

you miss doses?”

“Are you noticing side effects of your medications?”

Roadblocks/Resistance

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Refuse initiation of insulin or other new medications Can’t take more than “X” units of insulin without 

having a low blood sugar Going to start lifestyle changes “soon” aka a diet 

program next month, gym next week, etc. Want to try lifestyle changes for longer before meds Don’t feel any different (not checking glucose) know 

how their body “feels” with blood sugars and it “feels” fine

Diabetes denial Diabetes burnout

“I know you’d like to wait on medications until you start your weight loss program next month, but your blood sugars are too unhealthy to wait.  We can always decrease or stop medications as your body changes.”

“Your A1c is at an unhealthy level.  I’d like to talk through some options on how we can start getting your blood sugar into healthier ranges.”  

“Your body isn’t the same at 60 as it is at 20, so it would be unrealistic if we expected your diabetes needs to stay the same too.”

Understanding PWD Perspectives

Trialing Interventions

Changing the Narrative

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1. Demonstrate a Need/Make It Visible2. Maximize Current Regimen3. Explore New Med Options Together4. Trialing Technique5. Maximize Glucose Checking6. DSMT

Review their medical “evidence” WITH them:

Blood glucose logs

Labs

▪ A1c trends

▪ Kidney function

▪ Cholesterol

BP

Link reported med adherence to outcomes (without shaming them) 

Their medical “evidence” is used to reinforce their view that plan is working OR help them identify a need for new one…

The Metformin Struggle…

How much could you impact 

someone’s A1C level by showing them their lab result and 

discussing it with them?

Chapin, R. B., Williams, D. C., & Adair, R. F. (2003). Diabetes control improved when inner‐city patients received graphic feedback about glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Journal of general internal medicine, 18(2), 120–124. doi:10.1046/j.1525‐1497.2003.20367.x

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Extended Release/Long Half‐Life Meds‐20‐30%

Combination Meds‐26% Medication Pocketcards(FREE):  https://diabetesed.net/pocket‐cards‐insulin‐and‐diabetes‐medication/

Extend this to HTN https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0515/p3049.html

Co‐pay Cards, Prescription Ass. Programs

Blister Packaging 90 Day Supply

Brown, M. T., & Bussell, J. K. (2011). Medication adherence: WHO cares?.Mayo Clinic proceedings, 86(4), 304–314. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0575KripalaniS, Yao X, Haynes RB. Interventions to Enhance Medication Adherence in Chronic Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(6):540–549. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.6.540

New Regimen:

Metformin ER 2000 mg daily

GLP‐1/Insulin Combo (Xultophy or Soliqua)

Current Regimen:

Glimepiride 2 mg/daily

Metformin 1000 mg BID

Victoza 1.2 mg/day

Tresiba 18 units/day

Explore New Medication Options Together

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What does the conversation look like? Other health conditions (cardiac, renal, diabetes complications)

Age/#of Meds/Length of Time You’ve Had Diabetes

A1c

Use Medication Sheets and/or Discuss Risk/Benefits of Top 2

Verify insurance coverage/cost of the top 2 patient & provider preferred choices

1. The Trialing Technique

1. Maximize Glucose Checking

2. Follow‐Up/Review Patient‐Gathered Evidence 

2. Diabetes Self‐Management Training

It’s Working SMARTER

Not HARDER

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Trialing is effective because it turns: Long‐term into short‐term

Allows for medication or lifestyle “failure” without guilt

Sets up opportunity for patient‐identified success

Gives PWD room to move through guilt, fear, uncertainty

Allows you to troubleshoot any barriers to adherence (cost, pain on injection, s/e)

Sets realistic expectations 

Ask if they’d be willing to trial the medication for “X” amount of time and come back to see you.

The BadThe Good

Discuss important aspects:

How to use and store medication

Potential side effects/benefits

When to expect blood sugars to be impacted

(Use Medication Sheet here or any visual/discussion that helps them better understand what to expect)

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Glucose Checking Have them check glucose at times blood sugar will be most impacted

TIP:  

Have them check at times blood sugars will be mostly affected for three days without meds and then do it three days when med has taken 

near‐max effect

Example A:  Traditional

Example B:  Targeted

Fasting Post Breakfast

Pre Lunch PreSupper 

Bedtime

204 400 300

222 280

156

Fasting Post Breakfast

Pre Lunch PreSupper 

Bedtime

204 400

222 389

189 153

200 210

MOST people will come back with improved glucose levels or improved level of engagement when doing this form of checking

MOST people will extend the med adherence behavior into other times of the day

Can be applied to ANY self‐care behavior

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Create a Follow Up Plan

Bring back their gathered evidence

Schedule when medication will be effective

Stay True to Your Word: Good, Bad, and…

What do you think?  How did it go?  What worked, what didn’t work?

Reinforce positive behaviors and support making invisible ‐‐‐‐‐VISIBLE (use patient‐gathered data)

Intervene on barriers to continued use of medication‐‐DSMT

Is A Process NOT an Event

POOF! 

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The things they feared are not so bad (ex: an injection)

Benefit outweighs the burden They can finally reduce stress about blood sugars (they see healthier ones!)

Improved quality of life

Less burnout

More likely to be active in their other diabetes cares

What if PWD always wants to put off med start until next visit because they want to continue working on diet and exercise?

Can’t take more than x units at meal?

WhatIfThey Come Back and Still Say “NO!”

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Realistic expectations (75% in range)—remove “perfection” expectations

Risk vs benefit (not maximizing cost of med etc)

Dosing rapid with largest meal only

DexcomG6 alarms

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Melanie J. Davies et al. Dia Care 2018;41:2669-2701

©2018 by American Diabetes Association

Lowers A1c1‐2%

ReducedHealthcarecosts More

likely tomeetself‐caregoals

ReducedHospitalizations/ER visits

Improved BP and lipids

Lower BMI

Improvementsin depression

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Melanie J. Davies et al. Dia Care 2018;41:2669-2701©2018 by American Diabetes Association

Medication Makeovers

At minimum on an annual basis, or anytime a new med is added, review meds to see if  any:

‐can be combined together‐can be switched to extended release‐can be timed differently to reduce the number of times a day they need to be taken‐can be reduced or stopped‐interact with one another‐are available in generic versions‐if the brand name medications have a copay card (discount card) that can be applied