The meanings of Non-past Form

• Description of the present state• Description of a definite future• Personal will • Pointing out principles or nature of things• Description of rules, regulation, and habits• Description of procedures

Description of the present state

• Kodomo ga imasu.• Child S there is• There is a child.

Description of a definite future

• Kaigi wa juu-ji ni hajimarimasu• Meeting T ten o’clock at begin

• The meeting will start at ten’oclock.

Personal will

• Atarashii kaisha de isshookenmei hatarakimaasu

• New company at hard work

• I will work hard at a new company.

Pointing out principles or nature of things

• Mizu wa sesshi reido de korimasu

• Water T centigrade zero degree at freeze

• Water freezes at zero degree centigrade.

Description of rules regulations, and habits

• Maiasa hachipji ni kaisha e ikimasu

• Every morning eight o’clock at company to go

• Every morning I go to the office at eight

Description of procedures

• Tamanegi wa usuku kirimasu

• Onion T thinly slice

• Onions are sliced thin.

Exercises: Change the following basic form v to formal/polite form, negative polite, simple past, negative past. Use the ff.

verbs to a senstence

• Iru – exist suteru- to throw• Au – meet deru – to go out• Asobu – to play neru – to sleep• Arau – to wash dekiru – to do• Utau – sing kotaeru – to answer• Okuru – send kiru – to wear• Okoru – to be angry matsu – to wait• Okiru – to get up motsu – to possess• Shinjiru – to believe morau- to receive• Ageru – to give odoru – to dance

I-type adjectives• Atarashii- new• Atatakai- warm (pleasant)• Atsui – hot• Atsui – thick, heavy• Isogashii – busy• Utsukushii- beautiful• Oishii – delicious• Ooi – many much• Ookii- big• Osoi – late, slow• Omoshiroi – interesting, funny

I-adjectives• Kibishii – strick, demanding• Kurai – dark• Sabishii – lonely• Samui – cold• Subarashii- splendid• Sukunai – little, few• Semai – narrow• Suzushii- cool• Takai – tall, expensive• Chiisai- small• Tsumetai – cold (touch)• Tooi- distant, far

Comment on the following using I adjectives

• Time – early, late• Exam – difficult, long, short• Cake – delicious, expensive, small, large

Kyoshitsu no shijino kotoba• Hajimemashou• Owarimashoi• Yasumimashou• Wakarimasuka (hai wakarimau, iie,

wakarimasen)• Mou ichido• Kekko desu• Tame desu• Namae• Shiken, shukudai• Shitsumon, kotae, rei

Suuji (numbers)• 0 - Zero, rei• 1 - Ichi• 2 - Ni• 3 - San • 4 - Yon, Shi• 5 - Go• 6 - Roku• 7 - Nana, shichi• 8 – Hachi• 9 - Kyuu, ku• 10 - juu