A historical overview Sources: Wikipedia k.history.idg/index.html.
The Mass Media & Politics. How To Read a Newspaper… minutemodule/index.html
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Transcript of The Mass Media & Politics. How To Read a Newspaper… minutemodule/index.html
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The Mass Media & Politics
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How To Read a Newspaper…
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/instruction/minutemodule/index.html
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What is the PUBLIC AGENDA?
Issues that politicians & citizens agree need to be addressed.
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How does the mass media shape the public agenda?
They determine what people will think and talk about, by what they see & hear.
They have the power to point people’s attention toward a certain issue by emphasizing some things & ignoring others.
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What is a MEDIUM?
A means of communication.
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What is the “inner ring”?
Major news organizations
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Who makes up the “inner ring”?
TV: ABC, CBS, NBC, MSNBC, Fox News, CNN, CNBC
Newspapers: New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal Associated Press, Reuters
Radio: National Public Radio, ABC Radio, CBS Radio, NBC Radio
Magazines: Time, Newsweek, U.S. News & World Report, The New Republic (Lib),
The National Review (Rep)
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In what way has television & the internet contributed to the decline of political parties?
Allows candidates to go to the voters directly. Helps to create a certain “image” of the
candidate. Propaganda techniques are used in
commercials. Timing, location, lighting, and camera angles.
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What are sound bites?
30 to 45 second bits. Snappy reports about exciting things.
FDR: “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
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Do they truly hurt or help voters?
HELP: Some people do not have the time or attention span to watch long stories about politics.
HURT: Don’t show the whole story; comments and things often are taken out of context. Can give the wrong impression.
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How is the media’s influence limited?
Not very many people pay close attention to world, national, or local political events.
Those who do pay attention, tend to be selective; ignoring the sources they disagree with.
Most TV/radio shows do not deal with public affairs; are focused on entertainment.
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What are some examples of shows on prime time that are exceptions to this? 60 Minutes Dateline 20/20 Saturday Night Live The Daily Show Colbert Report
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On TV/Radio programs, and in the newspaper, who really decides what the public will see, hear, or read?
Editors
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Why are newspapers not considered great public affairs relators? Most people are interested in the sports,
comics, weather sections.
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Why does the media focus so much on “entertainment” instead of really educating the people about public affairs?
They are out to make a profit! They will air shows that are the least
cost to produce and will yield the highest profit. (i.e. reality shows like Survivor)
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Can the media hurt the country?
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The Attack Ad
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Is the media biased?
Can they influence the way you will vote?
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Does the media have a LIBERAL bias?
According to a 2004 study called A Measure of Media Bias by Tim Groseclose of the University of California at Los Angeles and Jeff Milyo of the University of Chicago, the answer is yes, most do.
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Looked at voting records of U.S. Senators and Reps. By Americans for Democratic Action.
Median member of the a House member was 39, thus 39 is considered centrist.
Measured the tendency of Senate & House members in their speeches to cite favorably 200 prominent think tanks.
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How To Detect Bias in News Media
Consider the following: Who are the sources? Is there a lack of diversity? From whose point of view is the news
reported? Are there double standards? Do sterotypes skew coverage?
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Media Bias (cont’d)
What are the unchallenged assumptions?
Is the language loaded? Is there a lack of context? Do the headlines and stories match? Are stories on important issues
featured prominently?