The Making of America: Immigration, …...Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Big...
Transcript of The Making of America: Immigration, …...Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Big...
The
Mak
ing
of
Am
eric
a: Im
mig
ratio
n,
Indu
stria
lizat
ion,
an
d Re
form
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
Imm
igra
tion
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
IMMIGRATION
IntroductionOver a period of thousands of years, as the ice sheets covering North America melted, people spread out over the land and settled on it.
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 1: A Nation of ImmigrantsThe earliest British settlers founded the colony of Jamestown in 1607.
Big Question: What were the various causes of mass migration to America?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 1: A Nation of ImmigrantsBetween 1775 and 1781, colonists from the thirteen English colonies fought the American Revolution to establish their independence from Great Britain.
New England ColoniesKey
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
MASSACHUSETTS
MASSACHUSETTS
CONNECTICUT
RHODEISLAND
NEW YORK
NEWHAMPSHIRE
NEW FRANCE
PENNSYLVANIA
MARYLAND
NEW JERSEY
VIRGINIA
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
GEORGIA
Yorktown
Jamestown
Boston
Philadelphia
New York City
Ohio RiverValley
Ohio RiverValley
Québec
Montréal
DELAWARE
St. Lawrence River
ATLANTICOCEAN
Big Question: What were the various causes of mass migration to America?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 1: A Nation of ImmigrantsEuropeans from different countries continued to settle throughout the United States, and thousands of Africans were forced to come to America against their will.
Big Question: What were the various causes of mass migration to America?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 1: A Nation of ImmigrantsAs a result of crop failures in Germany and the potato famine in Ireland during the 1840s and 1850s, thousands of German and Irish immigrants came to America seeking a better life.
Big Question: What were the various causes of mass migration to America?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 2: Starting OverImmigrants settled in cities, especially in the Northeast, creating overcrowding and impoverished conditions.
Big Question: How was life different for immigrants who came to America with some money, or had a skill, from those who were poor farm workers?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 3: The New ImmigrationThe 1870s were the beginning of the “New Immigration,” when people from southern and eastern Europe started to immigrate to America.
Big Question: How would you compare the experiences of those who came to America as part of the “old wave of immigration” to the experiences of those who were part of the “new wave of immigration”?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 3: The New ImmigrationIn the 1870s, an influx of Japanese and Chinese immigrants came to America and settled in their own sections of cities.
Big Question: How would you compare the experiences of those who came to America as part of the “old wave of immigration” to the experiences of those who were part of the “new wave of immigration”?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 4: An Uncertain WelcomeIn 1884, France gave the State of Liberty to America as a gift; Emma Lazarus later memorialized the statue in her poem, “The New Colossus.”
Big Question: What were the different reactions to the “sudden flood” of particular groups of immigrants?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 4: An Uncertain WelcomeEllis Island, a small island in New York Harbor, opened as an immigration processing center in 1892.
Big Question: What were the different reactions to the “sudden flood” of particular groups of immigrants?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 5: Becoming AmericanIn 1909, Israel Zangwill wrote The Melting Pot, which became an important metaphor for the American immigrant’s experience.
Big Question: Why do you think “becoming an American” was easier for those who were born in America to immigrants, than for those who had moved to America from the country of their birth?
IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 5: Becoming AmericanImmigration continues to be part of America’s story.
Big Question: Why do you think “becoming an American” was easier for those who were born in America to immigrants, than for those who had moved to America from the country of their birth?
Indu
stria
lizat
ion
and
Urb
aniz
atio
n
in A
mer
ica
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
IntroductionDuring the 1700 and 1800s, agriculture was the major form of income for most people in Europe and America.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
IntroductionDuring the Industrial Revolution, from the 1760s through the 1830s, factories became widespread in Great Britain and the United States and began to change people’s way of life.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
IntroductionAfter the end of the Civil War in 1865, even greater changes took place in America.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 1: The Industrial GiantAfter Samuel Slater opened the first cotton spinning mill in America in 1791, factories spread throughout the United States.
Big Question: How did America transform from an agricultural nation into an industrial giant?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 1: The Industrial GiantAndrew Carnegie became a millionaire as a result of experience, hard work, and creativity.
Big Question: How did America transform from an agricultural nation into an industrial giant?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 2: RailroadsBy the early 1900s, the United States had nearly two hundred thousand miles of railroad track across the country. Cornelius Vanderbilt was a leader in combining many small, separate railroad lines into a single network. Time zones were established so train schedules would be accurate and consistent.
Big Question: How did the development and expansion of railroads help grow the American economy?
0 300 miles
N
S
EW
Time zone boundariesMajor railroads, 1900
Portland Spokane
Billings
Duluth
Minneapolis
Detroit
Toledo
Louisville
Chattanooga
RichmondCincinnati
Norfolk
Washington, DCBaltimore
New York
Portland
Boston
PhiladelphiaPittsburgh
Cleveland
Atlanta
Charleston
Wilmington
Savannah
Jacksonville
Tampa
Miami
MobileNew Orleans
Montgomery
Memphis
Nashville
Bu�alo
Albany
Ogallala
Denver TopekaAbilene Sedalia
KansasCity
Omaha
Chicago
MilwaukeeSt. Paul
WichitaDodgeCity
CheyennePromontory
Ogden
SanFrancisco
SaltLakeCity
Sacramento
San Diego
Los AngelesPhoenix
Santa Fe
El PasoFort Worth Dallas
Houston
San Antonio
Tucson
Seattle
Paci�c Time Zone
Central Time Zone
Mountain Time Zone
Eastern Time Zone
St. Louis
PACIFIC OCEAN
ATLANTICOCEAN
70° W75° W80° W85° W90° W95° W100° W105° W110° W115° W120° W125° W
45° N
40° N
35° N
30° N
25° N
Railroads and Time Zones in 1900
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 3: Resources, People, and CapitalNatural resources, such as timber, coal, and oil, in addition to the ready availability of people and capital, contributed to rapid industrial growth in America.
Big Question: How did investment in corporations help to drive America’s rapid industrial development?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 4: An Inventive PeopleAlexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
Big Question: How would you describe the inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 4: An Inventive PeopleThomas Alva Edison and his research team invented the phonograph, the electric light bulb, and many other modern inventions.
Big Question: How would you describe the inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 5: Growing Business EnterprisesBuilding on his initial success in the railroad industry, Andrew Carnegie created the Carnegie Steel company, which provided steel for building bridges, railroad tracks, and tall city buildings.
Big Question: Why do you think Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were so successful?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 5: Growing Business EnterprisesJohn D. Rockefeller quickly recognized that he would make more money by buying and controlling the refineries that cleaned impurities of crude oil than by drilling for oil. He founded Standard Oil Corporation in 1870.
Big Question: Why do you think Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were so successful?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Monopolies, Trusts, and PoolsIn 1887, the government passed the Interstate Commerce Act to regulate the unfair practices of the railroads, which had led to higher consumer prices.
Big Question: What were the perceived advantages and disadvantages of large and powerful businesses?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Monopolies, Trusts, and PoolsIn 1890, the government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate the growth of trusts and monopolies, which had led to higher consumer prices.
Big Question: What were the perceived advantages and disadvantages of large and powerful businesses?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Monopolies, Trusts, and Pools
In 1891, John D. Rockefeller donated millions of dollars to build the University of Chicago.
Big Question: What were the perceived advantages and disadvantages of large and powerful businesses?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Monopolies, Trusts, and PoolsAndrew Carnegie donated millions of dollars to build more than 2,500 libraries, many of which were public or university libraries.
Big Question: What were the perceived advantages and disadvantages of large and powerful businesses?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 7: The World of the WorkerUnskilled workers—including men, women, and children—worked long hours, often in unsafe conditions. By the 1900s, more than twenty thousand workers were killed, and two hundred thousand others were injured yearly in America in factory accidents.
Big Question: What were some of the advantages and disadvantages for American workers during this period of change?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 7: The World of the WorkerIn the mid-1800s and early 1900s, the Invention of new machines, such as the typewriter, offered new positions for skilled workers.
Big Question: What were some of the advantages and disadvantages for American workers during this period of change?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 8: Workers OrganizeAlthough labor unions had little to do with the 1886 riot in Chicago’s Haymarket Square, where seven people were killed by a bomb, many Americans at the time connected this violence with unions.
Big Question: What is a union, and what did Samuel Gompers do to change how unions were organized?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 8: Workers OrganizeIn 1886, Samuel Gompers helped bring together various trade unions to start the American Federation of Labor.
Big Question: What is a union, and what did Samuel Gompers do to change how unions were organized?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 8: Workers OrganizeWhen workers at the Carnegie Steel mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania, went on strike in 1892, the company brought in armed men to battle the strikers. Men on both sides were killed.
Big Question: What is a union, and what did Samuel Gompers do to change how unions were organized?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 9: The Urbanization of AmericaMany different factors led to rapid population increases in many American cities between 1860 and 1910. These included the expansion of factories and the manufacturing industry, the decrease in farm prices coupled with the glamour of the city, as well as the emancipation of slaves and the increasing number of European immigrants.
Big Question: Why did many American cities grow so rapidly during the early 1900s?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 9: The Urbanization of AmericaImprovements in transportation—such as the expanded railroad network, trolley car, elevated trains, and subways—were especially important in the growth of many cities.
Big Question: Why did many American cities grow so rapidly during the early 1900s?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 10: Growing PainsThe rapid growth in the size of city populations in the 1900s led to many problems, including poor housing conditions, garbage disposal and street maintenance issues, and an increase in crime.
Big Question: Why do you think this chapter is called “growing pains”?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 10: Growing PainsThe threat of fire was also a problem in cities with crowded buildings. The Great Chicago Fire in 1871 left three hundred people dead and ninety thousand homeless.
Big Question: Why do you think this chapter is called “growing pains”?
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION IN AMERICA
CHAPTER 10: Growing PainsThe growth of cities also led to greater opportunity for government corruption and the rise to power of political bosses. One of the most notorious was William Marcy Tweed in New York City.
Big Question: Why do you think this chapter is called “growing pains”?
Refo
rm in
Indu
stria
l A
mer
ica
Timeli
ne Ca
rds
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
IntroductionDuring the Industrial Revolution, the widespread growth of factories and cities dramatically changed people’s way of life.
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 1: The Populist MovementIn 1891, American farmers formed the Populist Party to express the belief that the railroad companies and big businesses were hurting farmers.
Big Question: What was the populist movement, and what were their main concerns?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 1: The Populist MovementWilliam Jennings Bryan was an extraordinary public speaker. He lost the election to become president, but later served as U.S. secretary of state.
Big Question: What was the populist movement, and what were their main concerns?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 2: The MuckrakersIda Tarbell published The History of the Standard Oil Company, which led to the 1911 breakup of the Standard Oil Company.
Big Question: Why were some journalists at this time called “muckrakers,” and why was their work important?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 2: The MuckrakersUpton Sinclair’s The Jungle was published in 1906, causing Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation into the meatpacking industry.
Big Question: Why were some journalists at this time called “muckrakers,” and why was their work important?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 3: Urban ReformersIn 1889, Jane Addams established Hull House in Chicago as a settlement house to meet the needs of immigrants living in poverty.
Big Question: What causes did Jane Addams and Jacob Riis champion?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 3: Urban ReformersJacob Riis was a powerful writer and photographer who exposed the poor living conditions of immigrants in New York City, in his book, How the Other Half Lives.
Big Question: What causes did Jane Addams and Jacob Riis champion?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 4: Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt became president of the United States after the assassination of William McKinley.
Big Question: Why might it be true to say that Theodore Roosevelt was a champion of the American people?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 4: Theodore RooseveltDuring his two terms as president, Theodore Roosevelt worked to conserve the natural wonders of the United States. Here he visits Yosemite Valley in California with John Muir.
Big Question: Why might it be true to say that Theodore Roosevelt was a champion of the American people?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 5: Reform for African AmericansIda B. Wells urged a boycott of Memphis businesses to protest lynchings and began an anti-lynching campaign.
Big Question: What were the Jim Crow laws, and what were the views of Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois in terms of gaining rights for African Americans?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 5: Reform for African AmericansBooker T. Washington advocated for an improvement in the lives of African Americans by stressing the importance of building economic power through a job or trade. He founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.
Big Question: What were the Jim Crow laws, and what were the views of Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois in terms of gaining rights for African Americans?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 5: Reform for African AmericansW.E.B. Du Bois advocated for an improvement in the lives of African Americans by focusing on eliminating the barrier of the color line. He led the Niagara Movement and later became the leader of the NAACP.
Big Question: What were the Jim Crow laws, and what were the views of Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois in terms of gaining rights for African Americans?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Women’s Voting Rights Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton participated in the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention supporting women’s rights. As a suffragette, Anthony continued the fight for women’s right to vote.
Big Question: What causes did American women fight for in the 1800s, and what actions did they take to gain the right to vote?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 6: Women’s Voting Rights In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote, was ratified by the states.
Big Question: What causes did American women fight for in the 1800s, and what actions did they take to gain the right to vote?
REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA
CHAPTER 7: Eugene Debs and SocialismAs leader of the Socialist Party, Eugene Debs championed the civil rights of workers, immigrants, African Americans, and women. Though he did not win, he ran for president as the candidate of the Socialist Party several times.
Big Question: What were Eugene Debs’s political beliefs?
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long S
ixth A
venu
e, Ne
w Yo
rk Cit
y, USA
, c.19
03
(b/w
photo
)/Circ
a Ima
ges/B
ridge
man I
mage
s
Chap
ter 10
, Card
1 Cir
ca Im
ages/
Glassh
ouse
Imag
es/Su
perSt
ock
Chap
ter 10
, Card
2 Illu
strate
d Lon
don N
ews L
td/Pa
ntheo
n/Su
perSt
ock
Chap
ter 10
, Card
3 Ca
rtoon
featu
ring
Willi
am M
arcy ‘
Boss’
Twee
d (1
823-
78)
from
‘Harpe
r’s We
ekly’,
6th J
anua
ry 18
72 (c
oloure
d eng
raving
), Nast
, Thom
as (1
840-
1902
)/Pri
vate
Colle
ction
/Pete
r New
ark Am
erica
n Pict
ures/B
ridge
man I
mage
s
Refo
rm in
Indu
stria
l Am
erica
Subj
ect M
atte
r Exp
ert
J. Chri
s Arnd
t, PhD
, Dep
artme
nt of
Histor
y, Jam
es Ma
dison
Unive
rsity
Tony
Willi
ams, S
enior
Teac
hing F
ellow
, Bill
of Rig
hts In
stitut
e
Illus
trat
ion
and
Phot
o Cre
dits
Cove
r, Title
Ev
erett C
ollec
tion/
Supe
rStoc
k
Introd
uctio
n Sir
Thom
as Lo
mbe’s
Silk
Mill,
Derby
, 18th
centu
ry (p
rint),
Anon
ymou
s/Priv
ate
Colle
ction
/Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 1,
Card
1 I F
eed Y
ou Al
l, 187
5 / Un
iversa
l Hist
ory Ar
chive
/UIG
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 1,
Card
2 W
illiam
Jenn
ings B
ryan (
1860
-192
5) sp
eakin
g at a
Dem
ocrat
ic Co
nven
tion,
Chica
go, 1
896
(colou
r lith
o), A
meric
an S
choo
l, (1
9th c
entur
y) /
Priva
te Co
llecti
on / P
eter N
ewark
Ameri
can P
icture
s / Br
idgem
an Im
ages
Chap
ter 2,
Card
1 Lib
rary o
f Con
gress
Prints
and P
hotog
raphs
Divis
ion, L
C-DIG
-ggb
ain-1
8152
Chap
ter 2,
Card
2 Illu
strate
d Lon
don N
ews L
td/ Pa
ntheo
n/Su
perSt
ock
Chap
ter 3,
Card
1 Fro
nt Co
ver o
f ‘Twe
nty Ye
ars at
Hull
Hou
se’ b
y Jan
e Add
ams,
1910
(colo
ur lith
o), Am
erica
n Sch
ool, (
20th
centu
ry) /
Newb
erry L
ibrary
, Chic
ago,
Illino
is, US
A / Br
idgem
an Im
ages
Chap
ter 3,
Card
2 Ba
ndits
’ Roos
t / Un
iversa
l Hist
ory Ar
chive
/UIG
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 4,
Card
1 Ca
mpaig
n po
ster
for W
illiam
Mcki
nley
(184
3-19
01)
as Pre
siden
t an
d Th
eodo
re Ro
osev
elt (
1858
-191
9) a
s Vice
-Pres
ident,
190
0 (co
lour l
itho),
Am
erica
n Sch
ool, (
20th
centu
ry) / P
rivate
Colle
ction
/ Pete
r New
ark Am
erica
n Pic
tures
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 4,
Card
2 Ted
dy R
oosev
elt an
d Joh
n Mu
ir (b
/w p
hoto)
/ Un
derw
ood
Arch
ives/U
IG /
Bridg
eman
Imag
es
Chap
ter 5,
Card
1 Po
rtrait
of Id
a B. W
ells B
arnett
, c.18
93 (s
epia
photo
), Ame
rican
Scho
ol, (1
9th
centu
ry) / P
rivate
Colle
ction
/ Pris
matic
Pictu
res / B
ridge
man I
mage
s
Chap
ter 5,
Card
2 Ro
of Co
nstru
ction
by
Stude
nts a
t Tus
kege
e Ins
titute,
Tuske
gee,
Alaba
ma,
USA,
1902
(b/w
photo
), Joh
nson
, Fran
ces B
enjam
in (fl.
c.190
0-19
25) /
Circa
Im
ages
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 5,
Card
2 Bo
oker
T. Wash
ington
, Sea
ted Po
rtrait
, Wash
ington
DC, U
SA, H
arris &
Ewing
, Jan
uary
1909
(b/w
photo
) / Ci
rca Im
ages
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 5,
Card
3 Lib
rary o
f Con
gress,
s and
Photo
graph
s Divi
sion,
LC-D
IG-pp
msca
-378
18
Chap
ter 5,
Card
3 W
illiam
Edwa
rd Bu
rghard
t Du B
ois (1
868-
1963
) 190
4 (b&
w ph
oto) /
Priva
te Co
llecti
on / B
ridge
man I
mage
s
Chap
ter 6,
Card
1 Su
san B.
Antho
ny, E
lizab
eth Ca
dy St
anton
, 189
9 / U
nivers
al His
tory A
rchive
/UIG
/ Brid
gema
n Ima
ges
Chap
ter 6,
Card
2 Ev
erett C
ollec
tion/
Supe
rStoc
k
Chap
ter 7
Euge
ne V
ictor
“Gen
e” De
bs /
Unive
rsal H
istory
Arch
ive/U
IG / B
ridge
man
Imag
es
ISBN: 978-1-68380-347-8
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