The Main objectives of the Unit

Conditionals

Base and Strong adjectives.

Conditional Sentences

Structure:

A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts:

If-clause + Main Clause

Example:

If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.

If-clause Main Clause

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If+ Present Simple + will

If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.

If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.

1- The first conditional refers to the present and future.

It expresses a possible condition and

its probable result in the future.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Main clause:

FUTURE SIMPLE

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If+ Present Simple + will

2-we can use the first conditional to express different

functions (all of which express a possible condition and a

probable result).

If you don’t stop the noise, I’ll phone the police! (a threat)

Careful! If you touch that, you’ll burn yourself! ( a warning)

I’ll post the letter if you like. (an offer)

If you lend me $ 10, I'll pay you back tomorrow. ( a

promise)

Exercise One. First Conditionals

.1If you ___________________ (not come),

You ________________ (miss ) the show.

do not come

will miss

.2John __________________ (buy)a car if he

) _____________ get (a job.

will buy

gets

.3Mary ________________(get) a toothache if

she_________________ (eat) too many sweets.

will get

eats

Time Clauses

(When, as soon as, before, until, after) are not followed by will.

1- We use present tense but the meaning of the sentence is in the future.

I will call you when I get home.

As soon as dinner is ready, I will give you a call.

Can I have a word with you before I go?

Wait until I come back.

2- we also use present perfect to show that the action in the time clause is

finished.

When I have read the book, I will lend it to you.

I will go home after I have done the shopping.

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If you don’t water flowers, they die.

If you have a headache, stop watching TV.

With zero conditional

we express a general truth or we give advice.

Zero conditional sentences refer to all time not just the

present or future .

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Main clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

or IMPERATIVE

Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.

If I had a lot of money,

I would buy a big house .

SECOND CONDITIONAL

Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.

If I knew his number,

I would phone him .

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

if-clause:PAST TENSE SIMPLE

main clause:PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If+ Past Simple+ would.

1 -The second conditional refers to the present and future .

It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result .

The situation or condition is improbable, impossible ,

imaginary, or contrary to known facts .

SECOND CONDITIONAL

2- Other modal verbs are possible in the result

clause:

I could buy some new clothes if I had some money

If I saved a little every week, I might be able to save

up for a car

3- If I were you, I’d…..is used to give advice

If I were you, I would apologize to her

I would take it easy for a while if I were you.

FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONALBoth conditionals refer to the present and future.

The difference is about probability, not time.First conditional: real and possible situations

Second conditional: unlikely to happen

If John runs fast, he will win the race.

If John ran fast, he would win the race.

This is still possible to happen.

This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.

Exercises Identifying conditionalsI. Choose the correct answer.

1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes me feel sick.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

Exercises2 - I'll tell her if she comes.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

3 - If I were you, I'd buy it as soon as possible.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

Exercises

6 - If you work hard enough, you may well pass.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

7 – Water boils if you heat it to a hundred degrees celsius.

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

P. 62

P. 63

P. 63

P. 64

P. 64

possibleunlikely

I do not have a car

I have to work

P. 65

unlikely

possible

unlikely

possiblepossibl

e

VOCABULARY

BASE/ STRONG ADJECTIVES

VOCABULARY

BASE/ STRONG ADJECTIVES

Some adjectives are normal Some adjectives are normal (or base)(or base) adjectives: good, bad, dirty, pretty, adjectives: good, bad, dirty, pretty, cold, hot cold, hot etcetc

NORMAL ADJECTIVES

NORMAL ADJECTIVES

Other adjectives are strong adjectives:Other adjectives are strong adjectives:

fantastic, awful, filthy, gorgeous fantastic, awful, filthy, gorgeous etcetc..

STRONG ADJECTIVESSTRONG ADJECTIVES

• Strong adjectives have the idea of very. Look Strong adjectives have the idea of very. Look at these examples from the article on page 66-at these examples from the article on page 66-67:67:

• a huge windfall = a very big windfall.a huge windfall = a very big windfall.

• a miserable person = a very unhappy person a miserable person = a very unhappy person

• astonished= extremely surprised.astonished= extremely surprised.

• astonished > surprised.astonished > surprised.

Here are some strong adjective examples for you:Here are some strong adjective examples for you:

This man is more than angry ….. he is furious.

FURIOUSFURIOUS

This man is extremely BAD ….. he is terrible.

TERRIBLETERRIBLE

This mouse is small ….. but the elephant is very big and heavy.

HUGE / ENORMOUSHUGE / ENORMOUS

• Match the base adjectives in A with the strong Match the base adjectives in A with the strong adjectives in B:adjectives in B:

A base adjectivesA base adjectivesB strong adjectives B strong adjectives TiredTired

FrightenedFrightened

GoodGood

TastyTasty

BadBad

Pretty, attractivePretty, attractive

HungryHungry

AngryAngry

DirtyDirty

SurprisedSurprised

HappyHappy

FunnyFunny

Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.

ExhaustedExhausted

DeliciousDelicious

FilthyFilthy

TerrifiedTerrified

StarvingStarving

Horrible, awful, terrible, disgustingHorrible, awful, terrible, disgusting

Thrilled, delightedThrilled, delighted

Astonished, amazedAstonished, amazed

HilariousHilarious

Beautiful, gorgeousBeautiful, gorgeous

furiousfurious

• Match the base adjectives in A with the strong Match the base adjectives in A with the strong adjectives in B:adjectives in B:

A base adjectivesA base adjectivesB strong adjectives B strong adjectives TiredTired

FrightenedFrightened

GoodGood

TastyTasty

BadBad

HungryHungry

AngryAngry

DirtyDirty

SurprisedSurprised

HappyHappy

FunnyFunny

Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.

ExhaustedExhausted

DeliciousDelicious

FilthyFilthy

TerrifiedTerrified

StarvingStarving

Horrible, awful, terrible, disgustingHorrible, awful, terrible, disgusting

Thrilled, delightedThrilled, delighted

Astonished, amazedAstonished, amazed

HilariousHilarious

Beautiful, gorgeousBeautiful, gorgeous

furiousfurious

Note: Note:

1- We can make adjectives more extreme with adverbs such 1- We can make adjectives more extreme with adverbs such as: very and absolutely. as: very and absolutely.

• Ex: their house is very big. Ex: their house is very big. • their garden is absolutely enormous. their garden is absolutely enormous. 2- We can use “very” only with base adjectives.2- We can use “very” only with base adjectives.• Ex: very tired, NOT :very exhausted.Ex: very tired, NOT :very exhausted.3- We can use “absolutely” only with the strong adjectives.3- We can use “absolutely” only with the strong adjectives.• Ex: absolutely wonderful. NOT: absolutely good. Ex: absolutely wonderful. NOT: absolutely good. • We can use “really” with both base and strong adjectives.We can use “really” with both base and strong adjectives.• Ex: Really tired, really exhausted Ex: Really tired, really exhausted

THE END