The Magic of Music: Children with Hearing Loss
Transcript of The Magic of Music: Children with Hearing Loss
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The Magic of Music:
Children with Hearing
Loss
Christine Barton, MM, MT-BC
EHDI Family Conference, October 11, 2014
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Where did your journey start?
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For me, it began here…
C. Barton © 2013 3
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Then here…
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And here…
C. Barton © 2013 5
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Then here…
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Finally here!
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Agenda•Introduce music therapy profession
•Music
•Introduce music/speech/language
connection
•Music
• Highlight key issues in music perception
in children who are deaf or hard of hearing
•Music
•Provide video examples of music
experiences which support communication
in children with hearing loss
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Music Therapy?
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Music Therapy?
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Music Therapy Defined
The clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed a music therapy program.
-American Music Therapy Association, 2005
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MT-BC CredentialMusic Therapist-Board Certified
• Earn a Bachelor, Equivalency,
or Master’s in MT from an
accredited university
• Complete a six month
internship at accredited site
• Pass the Certification Board
Exam for Music Therapy
• Earn CEUs or retake exam on
5 year cycleChristine Barton 2014 12
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My Current MT Practice
• 200+ children/week
– D/HH
– ASD
– Dev. Preschool
– Elementary Life Skills
– Montessori (PTT)
– Private Practice
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My Current MT Practice
• Dual Diagnosis: 40%
– ASD/HL (5)
– Down Syndrome/HL (2)
– Mitochondrial Disorder/HL (1)
– Bronchio-oto-renal/ASD/HL (1)
– Intellectual Impairments/HL (3)
– Medically Fragile/HL (1)
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Why Music Therapy?
• Takes advantage of the child’s innate musical
abilities
• May involve families in shared music-making
experiences which can be carried over in the
home
• Can target gross and fine motor skill development
through playing instruments or creatively moving
to music
• The structure and sensory input inherent in music
help to establish response and role expectations,
positive interactions and organization (AMTA,
www.musictherapy.org)
• Current meta-analysis reveals music therapy to be
effective in developing communication,
interpersonal, personal responsibility and play
skills in children (Kern & Humpal, 2013)
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Children learn their native
language by hearing it, then
speaking it, and finally reading
and writing it. Music learning
follows the same sequence.
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Music/Speech/Language
Similarities
• Share terminology
– Pitch, timbre, timing, intensity
• Both have melodic contour
• Similar strategies used when
listening to music or language
• Early exposure is critical for
acquisition of both
• Both follow a time-ordered
sequence of skills or milestones
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Music/Speech/Language
Differences
• Music encompasses a greater
spectral range
• Music can exist without language
• Language can be altered in music
without changing the music itself
• Spoken language surrounds most
children whereas music may not
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By the time (NH) children
begin school, they should be
able to sing a song with
correct lyrics, rhythm and
pitch. And, guess what?…
They teached themselves!
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Audiation is to music as
thinking is to speech
Edwin E. Gordon
Music Learning Theory
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Music and Hearing Loss
•HA and CI children perceive rhythm nearly
as well as their hearing peers (Gfeller, et
al, 2011)
•CI users less accurate than hearing peers
in song recognition (Stordahl, 2002)
•Pitch perception and production more of a
challenge
•Some CI users (particularly adults) don’t
enjoy music, but many CI children do!
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Music Training and Hearing
Loss
A handful of studies have shown that
music training for individuals with
hearing loss can have positive
effects in cognitive, linguistic,
memory, and music perception
domains.
(Abdi, Kahlessi, Khorsandi, & Gholami, 2001; Galvin,
Fu, & Nogaki, 2007; Peterson, Mortenson, Gjedde,
& Vuust, 2009; Yuba, Itoh, & Kaga, 2007).
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Deafness and Comorbid
ConditionsGallaudet Research Institute (2009-2010)
• 40% of D/HH children have
comorbid conditions
• 1 in 59 D/HH children receive
services for ASD
• More children (35.4%)with profound loss have the dual diagnosis
• Result: deaf children receive the ASD diagnosis later than hearing peers (Vernon and Rhodes, 2009)
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Shared Music Making
Turns Me into
We!
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“I feel like I am constantly
putting out fires.”
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Strategies
• Utilize the team with the family at
the core
• Enlist and coach parents to help
generalize targeted goals across
multiple settings
• Provide structure/routine
– Visual schedule/class rules
• Provide music
experiences/instruments that
require no formal trainingChristine Barton 2014 26
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Strategies
• Simple directions (use fingers as
mnemonics)
• Get attention first (“show me you
are thinking about me”)
• Appeal to all the senses
• Repetition
• Choices and alternatives
• Tell them what they can do
• Do not ask rhetorical questions!
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Considerations/Observations
• Each child is unique
• Hearing loss is usually addressed first
• Intervention/placement is chosen based
upon the most current need
• Spoken language (and even reading) can
occur after 5 (Wodka, 2013)
• Hearing devices make a positive
difference in the quality of life for
individuals and families
• Music offers the potential to create
relationships and provide life long
enjoymentChristine Barton 2014 28
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???
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Resources
• The Listening Room (Advanced Bionics)
– www.thelisteningroom.com
• Perspectives on Deafness and Autism
Webinar Series
– http://www.audiologyonline.com/ce/adv
anced-
bionics/events/details/23774/deafness-
with-autism-music-therapy
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Resources• Gallaudette Clerc Center
– http://www.gallaudet.edu/clerc_center.html
• More Than Meets the Eye: An Introduction to
Autism Spectrum Disorders
– http://www.gallaudet.edu/clerc_center/webinars
/more_than_meets_the_eye_an_introduction_t
o_autism_spectrum_disorders.html
• Managing Behavior by Managing the Classroom:
Making Learning Accessible for Deaf and Hard of
Hearing Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
– http://www.gallaudet.edu/clerc_center/webinars
/sharing_autism_research_on_deaf_or_hard_o
f_hearing_students.html
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Resources
• Autism Research Institute
– http://www.autism.com/services_visualhearing
• American Society for Deaf Children:
http://www.deafchildren.org/deaf-autism-
america
• Autism Speaks: www.autismspeaks.org
• Michelle Garcia Winner Social Thinking
https://www.socialthinking.com/
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Resources
• West Music
– www.westmusic.com
• American Music Therapy Association
– www.musictherapy.org
• Guidelines for MT Practice in Developmental Care
- Chapter 9: Children with Hearing Loss (Barton,
2013) Barcelona Publishers
http://www.barcelonapublishers.com/index.php?ro
ute=product/product&product_id=269&type=epub
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For More Information …
Central Canal Creative Arts Therapies
Chris Barton, MM, MT-BC, Director,
Music Therapy Services/Consulting
www.christinebarton.net
Phone: 317-475-9914E-mail:
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