THE MADRID FIRE 12/02/05 - University of...
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THE MADRID FIRE 12/02/05 Paul Jenkins - London Fire Brigade. Fire Engineering Group
Transcript of THE MADRID FIRE 12/02/05 - University of...
THE MADRID FIRE 12/02/05Paul Jenkins - London Fire Brigade.
Fire Engineering Group
Introduction
• Why was there so much interest in this fire?
• Comparison with 9/11
• Steel/Concrete lobbies
• Fire engineering vs. prescriptive design
• Fire Dynamics/High Rise F/fighting
Scope of presentation• The Building
• The Fire
• Conclusions
• Q&A/Discussion
Location
The Building
Torre Windsor
Built in 1978
32 storeys, 29 above ground and 3 below
Concrete/brick core, reinforced concrete structural frame and floors
Internal concrete columns supported the floors along with steel beams
Steel perimeter-columns carried up to 15% of floor loading
Massive concrete ‘transfer’ floors at 3rd and 17th floor levels
This resulted in a fairly open plan floor
It also allowed a structural column-free façade at ground floor level by carrying perimeter-column loads
CONSTRUCTION
The Building
17th Floor
Perimeter Columns
Concrete Transfer FloorsShear walls
Concrete Columns
3rd Floor
Concrete Columns
Concrete Shear Walls in Facade
New Escape Stair
Original
Escape
Stair
Under-floor Steel Beam
The Building- Typical floor plan 4th to 16th
Concrete Columns Under-floor steel beam
Floor slab supported peripherally by perimeter columns
The Building- Typical floor plan 17th to 27th
Reinforced ConcreteCeramic Block
(Waffle Slab)
Screed
Plaster Cover
10m Span Steel I-beam
230mm thick slab, 30mm plaster coat and 30mm screed
The Building - typical floor section
Fire Protection as designed
Did not have:
• Sprinklers
Did have:
• Compartment floors
• Fire protected steel columns below 17th floor
• Vertical shafts forming separate compartments
• 1 – 1.5m depth vertical fire protection along the
perimeter slab edge
The Fire
FIRE DEVELOPMENT • Fire started on 21st floor, about 23:00 hrs
• Fire spread upwards from floor of origin
• By 01:15 fire had spread to most floors above 21st floor (10 storey fire, 21 floors up!)
• Fire spread downwards from floor of origin
• Eventually stopped at 2nd floor
The Fire
TIME LINE - FIRE FIGHTING • Detected about 23:05 hrs, initial actions by
security staff
• First call to Brigade at 23:21 hrs, arrival 23:25
• Intervention commenced at 23:40 hrs
• Stairs used to reach 21st floor, attempts made to apply water internally (DRM’s)
• Crews retreated at about 01:00 hrs, defensive fire fighting action adopted.
• Fire eventually out about 24 hrs later
Concrete Columns Under-floor steel beams
Structural Fire Damage to Upper Floors
New Escape Stair still standing
The Building after the fire - upper floors
Indicative arrangement of stair, lobby and doors
Dry riser
Lobby
Fire Fighting Access
Firefightinglobby
Firefightinglift in shaft
FirefightingStairs
Accommodation
Dry riser
Basic Layout
Dry riser
Firefighting lobby
Firefighting lift in shaft
Firefighting Stairs
Accommodation
May be omitted in residential accommodation
Direct entry at FF access level - may
be by corridor
Vent 25% Lobby plan
area
Vent 15% stair plan area at
each floor
Vent 5% stair plan
area at top of enclosure
“B” Doc BS 5588 Part 5 Layout
Vent 15% stair plan area min 1.5m2
Vent 25% Lobby plan area min
3m2
Vents to be open able at each level by the
fire service
Dry riser
Firefighting lobby
Firefighting lift in shaft
Firefighting Stairs
Vent 5% stair plan
area at top of enclosure
Accommodation
Direct entry at FF access level - may
be by corridor
“B” Doc BS 5588 Part 5 Layout - vent shafts
Dry riser
Firefighting lobby
Firefighting lift in shaft
Firefighting Stairs
Vent 5% stair plan
area at top of enclosure
Accommodation
Direct entry at FF access
level - may be by corridor
Shaft 25% Lobby plan area min
3m2
Vents to be automatic at each level min 1.5m2
Recommended opened for stair venting
by fire service
“B” Doc - BRE ‘Chimney’ – Shaft closed at bottom
Dry riser
Firefighting lobby
Firefighting lift in shaft
Firefighting Stairs
Accommodation
Direct entry at FF access
level - may be by corridor
Pressurised air supply
“B” Doc - 5588 Part 4 - Pressurisation
What can be learnt from this fire?
Initial Actions
Early call to the fire service
Fire Service access to the fire floor
Compartmentation/Sprinklers/Fire Protection/Fire Load
Fire Safety Management in occupied buildings undergoing refurbishment works
Structural implications/Fire Engineered approach
Conclusions
Real fires
Fire Investigation
London Fire Brigade
FIRE ENGINEERING GROUP
0207 587 6358
Thank You - Any Questions
30 -120 mins
30 -120 mins
30 -120 mins
Ease of
fire-fighting
Structural Response
Structural Response - upper floors
