The lower extremity1
Transcript of The lower extremity1
![Page 1: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The upper and lower extremities of humans offer many interesting points of
comparison and of contrast. They and their individual components are
homologous—i.e., of a common origin and patterned on the same basic
plan. A long evolutionary history and profound changes in the function of
these two pairs of extremities have led, however, to considerable
differences between them. (3)
![Page 2: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• lower extremity-
• Coxal (Pelvic Girdle)- What bones make up the Acetabelum? Howcan an anthropologist tell the difference between a male and female?
• Ilium- Iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Greater Sciatic Notch
• Ishium- ishial tuberosity
• Pubis- Pubic Tubercle
• Femur- head, neck, greater trochanter, Lesser trochanter, condyles, epicondyles, trochlea
• Patella
• Tibia- condyles, Tibial Tuberosity, Tibial Plateau, Medial Malleolus
• Fibula- Head, Lateral malleolus
• Tarsals- Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, (1,2,3) Cuneiforms, Cuboid
• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V
• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V
![Page 3: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
COXAL PELVIC GIRDLE
The ilium / pubis and ischium bones make up the Acetabelum.
Male Female
•narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet •open, circular pelvic inlet
•narrower sciatic notch •broader sciatic notch
•narrower angle where the two pubic bones in
front
•wider angle where the two pubic bones meet in
front
•more outwardly flared hip bones
This chart helps to explain how anthropologists can determine weather pelvic bones are
male of female. (1)
![Page 4: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Female pelvic
bone
Male pelvic bone (1)
![Page 5: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ISHIUM- ISHIAL TUBEROSITYISHIUM
• is a bone in pelvis: the lowest and rearmost of the three bones that make up each half of the pelvis
PUBIS
• lower front of hipbone: the bone that forms the lower front section of the hipbone in humans and is one of a pair joined at the front of the pelvis.
ILIUM
• Ilium the uppermost of the three bones composing each half of the pelvis
![Page 6: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FEMUR
• of thigh: relating to, in, or
involving the thigh or
femur
![Page 7: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PATELLA
• middle joint of human leg: the joint of the human leg between the thigh and the lower leg,
where the femur and the tibia meet, covered in front by the kneecap patella
![Page 8: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TIBIA
• inner bone of lower leg: the inner and larger of the two bones in the lower leg, extending
from the knee to the ankle bone alongside the fibula
![Page 9: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FIBULA
• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between
the knee and ankle
![Page 10: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TARSALS
• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between
the knee and ankle
![Page 11: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
METATARSALS
• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V
• of foot bones: belonging or relating to the bones between the toes and ankle
![Page 12: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PHALANGES
• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V
• finger and toe bone: a finger or toe bone of a human being or vertebrate animal
![Page 13: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The lower extremity1](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042814/555db705d8b42a63328b5146/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• (1) http://anthropology.si.edu/writteninbone/male_female.htm
• http://quizlet.com/10090321/appendicular-skeleton-flash-cards/
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/547358/human-skeletal-system/41867/The-
appendicular-skeleton
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/547358/human-skeletal-system/41867/The-
appendicular-skeleton
• http://quizlet.com/10090321/appendicular-skeleton-flash-cards/l
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/547358/human-skeletal-system/41867/The-
appendicular-skeleton